7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 1 21
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23
(Variable Speed Drives)
1. (Variable Speed Drives: VSD) (Inverter)
- AC motor Induction Squirrel Cage 1
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 2 21
1
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 3 21
3 (Squirrel Cage Induction Motor) (V/F) VSD VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) (Vector Control) (Sensor) () (Sensorless) 2 3 V/F V/F
GeneralPurpose V/F
Inverters
Vector ControlInvertersSensorless
Inverters
2
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 4 21
VSD
VSD (Variable Speed Drives) ASD (Adjustable Speed Drive), VFD (Variable Frequency Drive), Frequency Converter
3 VSD
RECTIFIER 3 Rectify INTERMEDIATE CIRCUIT Rectifier Inverter ( Intermediate Circuit DC Link) Inverter INVERTER Inverter IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) (Resistor) DC Link
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 5 21
(Regeneration Energy) (Generator) CONTROL UNIT - (Input/Output Unit: I/O, Man-Machine-Interface: MMI) PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ON-OFF IGBTs Inverter
4 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 6 21
2.
/
Torque, Speed, Power 5 Variable Torque Load Centrifugal Pump, Centrifugal Fan, Extruder, Mixer Constant Torque Load Compressor, Conveyor
Torque
Power
Speed (%full speed )
Pow
er &
Tor
que
( %fu
ll lo
ad )
100
100
0
Variable Torque Load
Torque
Power
Speed (%full speed )
Pow
er &
Tor
que
( %fu
ll lo
ad )
100
100
0
Constant Torque Load
Torque
Power
Speed (%full speed )
Pow
er &
Tor
que
( %fu
ll lo
ad )
100
100
0
Constant Power Load
5
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 7 21
(: P, : Q) (Design Point) / (Set Point)
6 (n1) (Q) (P) Load Line A-D ()
h, P
Q
hrated
frictionhead
static head
n1n2
pw1 (n1)pw2 (n2)
P*Load Line A
Load Line B
Energy Saving
n3n4n5
Load Line CLoad Line D
pw3 (n3)pw4 (n4)pw5 (n5)
6
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 8 21
6 (VSD) (P*) () (Pump Performance Curve) ( n2 n5) (Primary-Secondary Variable flow Pumping)
VSD 1. Primary Pump (Primary CHP) Chiller
Primary pump (Constant Water Volume, CWV)
2. Secondary Pump (Secondary CHP) AHU AHU Room Temperature Controller Secondary Pump (Variable Water Volume, VWV) Supply / Return
Chiller
Primary Pump
AHU
Secondary Pump
Common Line
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 9 21
3. Flow Primary CHP (Supply) Secondary CHP (Demand) Flow Switch Common Header
Forward Flow Switch (on) Reverse Flow Switch (off) Primary Circuit Secondary Circuit Flow Supply Demand Secondary CHP AHU Chiller
Secondary Flow Primary Flow Supply Demand Secondary CHP AHU Chiller Overflow Secondary Common Header Chiller
Flow Switch Balance Flow Supply Demand
4. Main Return Temperature Indicator Chiller AHU
Return Water Temperature Supply Demand Chiller
Return Water Temperature Supply Demand
Return Water Temperature Supply Demand Chiller Down Load
5. Chiller Supply Temperature Controller
Supply Water Temperature Set Point Chiller Supply Water Temperature Set Point Supply Water Temperature Set Point Chiller Down Load
Set Point 6. Secondary CHP VSD Demand Differential Pressure
Transmitter (DPT) AHU ( 1-Control Valve , 2-Cooling Coil 3-Balancing Valve)
Diff Pressure Set Point, VSD Secondary CHP
Diff Pressure Set Point, VSD Secondary CHP
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 10 21
7. Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) VSD Secondary CHP Minimum RPM AHU PRV
Concept :
Secondary Loop ( Duration Curve) Return Water Temperature Chiller
Concept : DPT VSD Secondary CHP
Set Point (Minimum RPM PRV )
(Energy Saving) Energy Saving = (Baseline) (Post) = kW input [ H2 (ft) x Q2 (GPM) x 0.746 ] p x m x vsd x 3960 H2 Control Curve () Q2
H = (ft) Q = (GPM) p = m = vsd = VSD
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 11 21
(Optimum Control of Multiple Pumps)
System Curve Friction Loss Secondary Pressure Drop
Control Valve, Cooling Coil Balancing Valve Friction Loss Pressure Drop DPT
Performance Pump Curve Flow 3 (1P 1 , 2P 2 3P 3 )
A, B C System Curve 3P, 2P 1P 3, 2 1 100% Chiller Manager Total Flow Flow Meter Main Return Flow Pre-set (Stable) Chiller Manager Mode 100% A, B C Flow
VSD DPT 3 Flow A Ft
A 1 Flow F1 DPT 1 Friction Loss Curve DPT
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 12 21
1 1 F1 Nominal Speed x F1/ Ft
3 Flow A Ft A 2 Flow F2 DPT 2 Friction Loss DPT 2 2 F2 3 Nominal Speed x F2/ Ft
2 B 2 100%
2 Flow B Flow 3
2 Flow B Flow 3 2 C Chiller Manager 2 1 100%
PRV (Pressure Relief Valve)
1 Minimum RPM D PRV Controller
PRV PPRV E 1 D AHU
(Minimum RPM) E AHU PRV Fe PPRV
1 E AHU D F DPT F Friction Loss Curve DPT Minimum RPM Chiller Manager PRV Controller C 1 100% C Chiller Manager 2 3 A 3 100% AHU
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 13 21
5-80%
o
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 14 21
3.
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 15 21
4.
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 16 21
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 17 21
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 18 21
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 19 21
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 20 21
7 : (Motor & Drive)
23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 21 21
1. -
2. 020 ,
3. Good Practice Guide 249 : Energy Saving in Industrial Water Pumping Systems Best Practice Programme
4. Variable Speed Driven Pumps-Best Practice Guide , BPMA : The Pump Industry Association
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