Major Advisor : Dr. S. Benakappa
Presented by:
Jitendra KumarID No. DFK 1303
Department of Fisheries Resources and Management
Traditional methods of locating the fishing grounds
Compass & Previous experience
Colour
Bubbles breaking on Surface
Muddy and oily water
Reflection in the Night
Smell
Fish
Ava
ilabi
lity
Satellite Remote Sensing can be a very powerful toolemployed in the wise-use of fishery resources, includingits utilization to detect Potential Fishing Zones
The first use of satellite remote sensing in fishery advisoryoperations in the US was in 1971
Laurs, 1993
Potential Fishing Zone
PFZ is a reliable and short-term forecast on the fishaggregation zones in the open sea.
What is PFZ?
Potential Fishing Zone advisories - A promising tool for Precision fishing
PFZ advisories are being generated and disseminated to theentire fishermen community situated -Indian coast
To improve the coverage- Electronic display board (EDB)has been developed and installed at various fish landing centre
How PFZ is received at the fish landing centre?
Latest EDB version
Subramanian et al., 2014
When there are two or more PFZ close to each other, then fishing in between those gives a better catch
Fishing on the opposite direction of the shift islikely to give a much lesser catch or no catch at all.
Materials and Methods
April 2007 and March 2011
Three coastal districts
Thiruvallur (1)Chennai (3)
Kancheepuram (2)
During the study period-
Gillnet gears - used for fishing
PFZ Generation
NOAA AVHRR
Data Extraction
SST Image Generation
Geometric correction
SST Computation
Overlay of SST contours on Chl.
image
IRS P4 OCM
Chl. computation
Atmospheric Corrections
Data Extraction
Chl. Image generation
Co- Registration
Interpretation of Fishery Forecast
PFZ Chart Generation
Generation of fishery forecast
Dissemination of PFZ advisoriesThe PFZ advisories were disseminated to the fishing communityusing a wide range of media such as
to enable the fishing community to obtain information and attemptfor more fishing in the PFZ
Materials and Methods
Total of 87 validation experiments were carried out during 2009-12
Identical vessels of three categories gillnetters, trawlers and longliners
For validation experiments within and outside PFZs.
Mann-Whitney U test using statistical package
Gut contents of pelagic fishes- (PFZ and non-PFZ viz.)Sardinella spp. (Clupeidae)Rastrelliger spp. (Scombridae) andMegalaspis cordyla (Carangidae)
Feedback data also collected.
Gut contents of fishes within and outside PFZ
Major gut contents of pelagic fishes
A total of 461 fish specimens including 155 clupeids, 190 scombrids and 116 carangids were considered
Gut content analysis revealed significant variation between the PFZ and Non-PFZ .
For sardines (Sardinella spp.),
92% Fish (PFZ)full stomach fully digested greenish mass as major diet
i.e. better availability of food
46% Fish (non-PFZ)full-stomach
The fluctuations in the physical, chemical andbiological oceanographic conditions have influence onthe periodic and seasonal migration of fishes
Kawasaki et al. (1991)
Kripa et al. (2014)
PFZ advisory maps released by the INCOIS during 2003-07
regions of the Arabian Sea off Kerala with depths less than 50 moccurred more in the PFZ advisory maps than the midcontinental shelf region and the continental slope.
Positive relationship between PFZ and abundance of commerciallyimportant pelagic fishes.
CPUE was more- PFZ
Extra quantity of fish caught- 2 to 6 times - PFZ
Extra benefit obtained 2 to 7 times - PFZ
Validation off Karwar showed that catch was significantly higher innotified (PFZ) area with high densities as compared to non notified(non-PFZ) regions.
Radhakrishnan et al. (2004) reported more or less same fish catch in both IPFZand Non-IPFZ locations based on the validation studies carried out along theMangalore coast.
Choudhury et al. (2007)
Subsequently the usefulness of the technology forlocating pelagic fish concentration along Kerala coast wasestablished based on validation attempted since 1996 -
(Pillai et al., 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2007)
Things to avoid
Avoid fishing at the end point of the PFZ advisory, it will yield alower catch.
Avoid fishing on the opposite direction of the shifting feature asthe fish moves in the direction of the shift.
Fishing is to be avoided during day time as the fishes dive todeeper areas during day time because of the sunlight.
Ideal time is to fish during late evening or early morning.
Indiscriminate fishing of small sizes of fishes.
Helps to locate the fishing grounds
Saving on valuable fuel and human work
Reduction in search time by 30 to 70 %
Fishing period reduced from 3-5 days to 1-2 days
Traditional fishermen can benefit by the use of PFZ forecast when available near shore
Conclusion
(Solanki et al., 2005; Nammalwar et al., 2013and Subramanian et al., 2014)
(Subramanian et al., 2014)
(Simpson, 1992 and Subramanian et al., 2014)
Choudhury et al. (2007)
Solanki et al., 2002, 2003
It is necessary to utilize available technology andscientific tools like remote sensing in order toensure economically viable fishing by reducing thesearch time for productive fishing grounds.
CHATURVEDI, N., NARAIN, A., GULATI, D. K., JOHN, M. E. & SOMVANSHI, V. S. (2000) Interrelationshipbetween satellite derived chlorophyll and temperature profile from cruise data: a study for Arabian sea on seasonal basis.PORSES Proceedings. Vol. 1. Goa, India, Dec. 5-8, 2000. pp 347-349.
DWIVEDI, R.M., SOLANKI, H.U., NAYAK, S.R., GULATI D.K. and SOMVANSHI, V.S. (2005) Exploration of fisheryresources through integration of ocean colour with sea surface temperature: Indian experience. Ind. J. Mar. Sci. 34(4):430-440.
GEORGE, G., PANDIAN KRISHNAN, SIBNARAYAN DAM ROY, KAMAL SARMA, M. P. GOUTHAMBHARATHI1, M. KALIYAMOORTHY, V. KRISHNAMURTHY and T. SRINIVASA KUMAR. (2013). Validation ofPotential Fishing Zone (PFZ) Forecasts from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Fishery Technology, 50: 208- 212.
NAMMALWAR, P AND SATHEESH, S. and RAMESH, R (2013) Applications of Remote Sensing in the validations ofPotential Fishing Zones (PFZ) along the coast of North Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 42(3): 283-292.
NAYAK, S.R., SOLANKI, H.U. and DWIVEDI, R.M. (2003) Utilization of IRS P4 ocean colour data for potentialfishing zone-A cost benefit analysis. Ind. J. Mar. Sci., 32(3): 244-248
SOLANKI, H. U., DWIVEDI, R. M., NAYAK, S. R., GULATI, D. K., JOHN, M. E. and SOMAVANSHI, V. S. 2003.Potential Fishing Zone (PFZs) forecast using satellite data derived biological and physical processes. J. Indian Soc. Rem.Sen., 31(2): 67-69.
SOLANKI, H.U., DWIVEDI, R.M., NAYAK, S.R., JADEJA, J.V., THAKER, D.B., DAVE, H.B. and PATEL, M.I.(2001). Application of ocean colour monitor chlorophyll and AVHRR SST for fishery forecast: Preliminary validationresult off Gujarat coast, north coast of India. Indian Journal Marine Sciences, 30:132–138.
Acknowledgement
Chairman: Dr. S. Benakappa
Professor and Head, Dept. of FRM
Members: Dr. Sujitha Thomas
Senior Scientist, CMFRI, Mangalore
Dr. H.N. Anjanayappa
Associate Professor, Dept. of FRM
Dr. S.R. Somashekara
Associate Professor, Dept. of FRM
Dr. Lakshmipathi M.T.
Associate Professor, Dept. of AEM
Mr. A.S. Kumar Naik
Assistant Professor, Dept. of FRM
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