Unit 7
Personal Protective Equipment
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Unit 7 ObjectiveUnit 7 Objective
Given lecture and practical exercises utilizing provided equipment, the participant will identify medical surveillance and the different types of respiratory and chemical protective equipment. Given tabletop and practical exercises the participant will choose and don the applicable equipment to protect themselves against predetermined chemical hazards.
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Medical Surveillance Programs
Medical Surveillance Programs
29 CFR 1910.120(f)Employers engaged in hazardous waste
operations shall institute a medical surveillance program for its employee’s
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Employees covered in Program
Employees covered in Program
Employee’s who may be exposed at or above the PEL without regard to the use of a respirator for 30 days or more a year
Employee's who wear a respirator for 30 days or more a year
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Employees covered in Program
Employees covered in Program
Employee’s who are injured, become ill or develop signs and symptoms due to possible exposure
Employee’s that are members of a Haz-Mat Team
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When Medical Exams Occur
When Medical Exams Occur
Prior to assignmentEvery 12 monthsAt terminationUpon indication of signs
and symptoms of possible exposure, or if exposed above the PEL
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Minimum Contents of Exam
Minimum Contents of Exam
Medical & work historySymptoms of hazardous substancesFitness for dutyAbility to wear PPE and work under temperature
extremesAbility to wear respiratory equipment
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Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection
29 CFR 1910.134(d)(1)(iii)The employer shall identify and evaluate the
respiratory hazard(s) in the workplace which shall include a reasonable estimate of employee exposure to respiratory hazards. Where an employer cannot identify or reasonably estimate the employee exposure, the employer shall consider the atmosphere to be IDLH
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Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment
Shall be selected and used which will protect employee’s from the hazards, and potential hazards they are likely to encounter as identified during the site characterization and analysis
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Respiratory HazardsRespiratory Hazards
Oxygen DeficiencyParticulatesGases & VaporsFlammable
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Types of Respiratory Protection
Types of Respiratory Protection
Air Purifying Respirator (APR)Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR)Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA)Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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Employers ResponsibilityEmployers Responsibility
Develop a respiratory protection programEnsure employee is medically fit to use
respiratory protectionEnsure employee has been trained in the
selection and use of respiratory protectionEnsure the employee has no facial hair that will
impede the seal of the respiratory protection
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Employers ResponsibilityEmployers Responsibility
Ensure employee’s are fit tested to the make, model and size of the respiratory protection to be used
Provide respirators to employee’sEnsure respiratory protection is maintained,
inspected and kept cleanEvaluate Respiratory Protection Program
regularly
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APR’sAPR’s
Provides protection from certain gases, vapors and particles by using activated charcoal, or paper cartridges to filter contaminants from the air
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Criteria for Choosing an APR
Criteria for Choosing an APR
Adequate 02 MUST be present
Product MUST be identified
Concentration of contaminant in air MUST be identified
Chemical specific cartridge MUST be used
APR’s MUST not be used in IDLH atmospheres
APR’s MUST not be used in flammable atmospheres
Cartridge service life MUST be predetermined
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Determining Service LifeDetermining Service Life
Documentation from the cartridge manufacturer
End of Service Life Indicator
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PAPR’sPAPR’s
Provides protection from certain gases, vapors and particulates by using activated charcoal, or paper cartridges, and canisters to filter contaminants from the air
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Criteria for Choosing an PAPR
Criteria for Choosing an PAPR
Adequate 02 MUST be present
Product MUST be identified
Concentration of contaminant in air MUST be identified
Chemical specific cartridge or canister MUST be used
PAPR’s MUST not be used in IDLH atmospheres
PAPR’s MUST not be used in flammable atmospheres
Cartridge & canister service life MUST be predetermined
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SAR’sSAR’s
Respirators supplied with air from a remote source
Pressure demand or constant air flow
Combination SAR’s have the ability to use supplied air or air purifying cartridges
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Criteria for using SAR’sCriteria for using SAR’s
Adequate 02 MUST be present
Product MUST be identified
Concentration of contaminant in air MUST be identified
Air line must be protected
SAR’s MUST not be used in IDLH atmospheres
SAR’s MUST not be used in flammable atmospheres
Length of supply hose cannot exceed three hundred feet
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SABASABARespirators supplied with
air from a remote source and has a hip mounted escape bottle
Pressure demand regulator
SCBA’s can have dual purpose capabilities as an SABA / SCBA
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Criteria using SABACriteria using SABA
Product MUST be identified
Can be used in IDLH atmospheres
Air line MUST be protected
Length of supply hose cannot exceed three hundred feet
Only NFPA approved dual purpose SCBA’s can be used in flammable atmospheres
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SCBA’sSCBA’sSelf contained air
cylinders with an estimated air time of 30, 45 and 60 minutes
Can be used in IDLH atmospheres
Only NFPA approved SCBA’s can be used in flammable atmospheres
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Chemical Protective Clothing
Chemical Protective Clothing
CPC is designed, tested and manufactured to protect workers from harmful affects of chemical exposure to gases, vapors, and particles
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Chemical Protective Clothing
Chemical Protective Clothing
Although many CPC fabrics are compatible to a wide variety of chemicals, there is not a single fabric compatible to all chemicals
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Types of FabricsTypes of Fabrics
Reusable garments are manufactured of elastomer rubber-like fabrics such as butyl rubber, PVC, neoprene, etc
Disposable/Reusable garments are manufactured of non-elastomer fabrics which are non-woven substrates with one or more chemical resistive barriers
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CPC Chemical ResistanceCPC Chemical Resistance
DegradationPenetrationPermeationFlammability
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DegradationDegradation
A physical change to the protective fabricThe melting, cracking, shrinking, or swelling of a fabric
as the result of chemical contact
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PenetrationPenetration
A substance passing through a suit directly through an opening in the suit or fabric
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Serged SeamSerged Seam
Sewn or stitched with visible openings
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Sewn & Bound SeamSewn & Bound Seam
A raised sewn seam with a Tyvek sewn overlay
Better penetration protection than the serged seam
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Serged & Taped SeamSerged & Taped Seam
Serged Seam taped over to provide improved protection over the serged and serged and bound seam
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Taped Serged & BoundTaped Serged & Bound
Taped serged and bound seam offering better protection than previous seams
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Welded SeamWelded Seam
Heat sealed seam offering highest level of protection from chemical penetration through the seams in the suit
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PermeationPermeation
The movement of a chemical through a fabric from the outer to the inner surface on a molecular level
One term of measurement is known as breakthrough or average breakthrough time
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Identifying Permeation Rates
Identifying Permeation Rates
Identify chemical substance and concentrationUtilizing a chemical reference book or
permeation guide look up the chemical sub-class number
Utilizing a Permeation Guide research the permeation rate to determine chemical compatibility with CPC fabrics
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FlammabilityFlammability
Flash protection MUST be considered when working with flammable materials
Unless specified as flash protection all CPC will burn readily
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Other CPC considerationsOther CPC considerations
Many chemical protective garments have shelf lives
Extremely cold temperatures will make many garments brittle
Hotter temperatures will reduce the permeation rates
Always consider flexibility, abrasion resistance and tensile strength,
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Gloves and BootsGloves and Boots
All preliminary research performed for selection of CPC must also be performed for gloves and boots
Task to be performed must also be considered to determine the durability of gloves and boots
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Level A ProtectionLevel A Protection
Vapor tight chemical resistive garment
SCBA or SABA inside suitInner & outer glovesInner & outer bootsIntrinsically safe two-way
radio inside the suit
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Level B ProtectionLevel B Protection
One or two piece chemical protective garment
Encapsulating or non-encapsulating non-vapor tight suit
SCBA, SABA or SAR inside or outside the suit
Inner & outer glovesOuter Boots
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Level C ProtectionLevel C Protection
One or two piece chemical protective garment
APR or PAPRInner and outer glovesOuter boots
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Level D ProtectionLevel D Protection
CoverallsWork bootsGlovesHard HatEye protection
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High Temp. & Flash Protection
High Temp. & Flash Protection
Structural Firefighters protective clothing
Proximity suitsEntry suitsNFPA Level A garment
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Physiological & Physical Stresses
Physiological & Physical Stresses
Working in chemical protective clothing can be demanding mentally and physically
Claustrophobia could be encountered by some individuals wearing respiratory protection or encapsulating suits
Extreme temperature conditions are encountered regularly, signs and symptoms of heat related emergencies need to be recognized
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Heat Related EmergenciesHeat Related EmergenciesHeat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke
Symptoms:Muscle CrampsHeavy Perspiration
Symptoms:Skin is Cold & ClammyHeavy PerspirationHeadacheDizzinessNausea
Symptoms:Skin is Hot & DryLittle or No PerspirationLoss of ConsciousnessFast, Weak PulseFast, Shallow Breathing
Actions:Move to cool placeOffer sips of cool waterRest the affected muscle
Actions:Move to cool placeSips of cool waterApply cold packs/towelsElevate legsSeek medical attention if no improvement in 30 min.
Actions:Move to cool placeIf conscious offer sips of cool waterElevate head & shouldersCALL 911Apply cold packs/towels
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