Unit 7: Chapters 21-23Unit 7: Chapters 21-23
Classification of PlantsClassification of Plants
Plants belong to the kingdom ___________
Plants are divided into ___________ (instead of Phylums)
Characteristics of Plants:1. ______________ - composed of many cells
2. __________ - have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
3. _________ - extra cell structure for support
4. __________ - waxy water proof coating
5. ______________ - convert sunlight into chemical energy,
_________, through the process of ________________
Plantae
Divisions
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Cell Wall
Cuticle
Photosynthetic
glucose photosynthesis
Main Structures of Plants:1. _______- anchors the plant to soil; absorb water and minerals from the soil; transports those nutrients to the stem.
Types of Roots:a. _________ -single thick structures with smaller branching
roots; accumulate and store food. Ex: _______ and ______
b. ___________ - have many small branching roots that grow from a central point.
c. _________ - originate above ground and help support a plant. Ex. __________.
d. __________ - cling to objects such as walls and provide support for climbing stems.
Roots
Tap Roots
carrots beets
Fibrous Roots
Prop Roots
Corn plants
Aerial Roots
2. _______ - provide support for leaves and the reproductive structures of plants; plant stems with vascular tissue contain tissues for transport of nutrients and water.
3. _______ - responsible for photosynthesis Types of leaves: a. _______ leaves –consist of one blade that is not divided and its petiole. b. _________ leaves – consists of several leaflets with a single petiole
Stems
Leaves
Simple
Compounds
Characteristics of leaves:1. Leaf ________ a. _______ - veins run from the petiole more or less parallel out to the tip of the leaf.
b. _______ - one main vein with smaller veins branching off it and running parallel to each other.
c. ________ - several main veins radiate out from the petiole and have many smaller branches.
VENATION
Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate
2. Leaf ___________ a. ________ -the arrangement of two leaves on the stem are located on opposite sides of the stem.
b. _________ - the arrangement of the leaves appear so than one leaf is higher on the stem than the other leaf. c. ________ - the arrangement of the leaves are clustered together in groups of three or more leaves.
Arrangement
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Alternate
Whorled
Types of Plant Cells:1. _______________ - most abundant cells
found throughout plant living tissue; its spherical shaped with large central vacuole, and functions in photosynthesis, food storage, and
wound healing.2. _____________ - long cells with
unevenly thickened cell walls that provides support the growing regions of a plant
3. ____________ - cells with thick and rigid cell walls; die at maturity forms a region of dead cells that have ceased growing, and provides supports and strength for plants.
Parenchyma Cells
Collenchyma Cells
Sclerenchyma
Plant Tissues:1. ________ tissue – composed mostly of parenchyma cells; found throughout a plant; found associated with other tissues; supports vascular bundles; functions: __________, ______, ______
2. _______ tissue – responsible for transporting materials through plants Consists of: ______ - vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals ______ - vascular tissue that conducts food
Ground
photosynthesis
storage support
Vascular
Xylem
Phloem
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue
3. ______ tissue – provides outer protection for the whole plant. Consists of: ________ - outer layer of cells with a waxy cuticle. Functions: 1. ____________ 2. _____________ 3. ______________ _______ - opening in the epidermis of leaves that
regulate the passage of gases in and out of the plant, surrounded by ____ ____ which control the opening and closing of stomata.
Dermal
Epidermis
Plant protection
Prevents water loss
Aids in gas exchange
Stomata
Guard cells
Epidermis
Internal Structure of a leaf
A. Ground tissue
Mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll
B. Vascular Tissue
Vascular bundle
phloem
xylem
C. Dermal Tissue
Cuticle Upper epidermis
Lower epidermisStomata
Guard cells
Classification of PlantsClassification of Plants Non-seeded Non-vascular Plants:Non-seeded Non-vascular Plants:(also known as _____ plants) (also known as _____ plants) 1. Division: __________ 1. Division: __________
include ________ include ________
2. Division: ___________ 2. Division: ___________
include ________ include ________
3. Division: _______ 3. Division: _______
include ______ include ______
spore
Hepaticophyta
Liver worts
Anthocerophyta
Horn worts
Bryophyta
mosses
Non-seeded Vascular Plants:Non-seeded Vascular Plants:
1. Division: __________ 1. Division: __________
include _________ include _________
2. Division: ___________________ 2. Division: ___________________
include ___________include ___________
3. Division: ____________________ 3. Division: ____________________
include ________ include ________
4. Division: __________ 4. Division: __________
include ______ include ______
Psilophyta
Whisk ferns
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Arthophyta
horsetails
Pterophyta
ferns
Seeded Vascular PlantsSeeded Vascular Plants
1. Division: _________ 1. Division: _________
include _____ include _____
2. Division: ________ 2. Division: ________
include ______, ______, ________ include ______, ______, ________
3. Division: _________ 3. Division: _________
include __________ include __________
Cycadophyta
cycads
Gnetophyta
Gnetoum Ephedra Welwitchia
Ginkophyta
Ginkgo biloba
4. Division: __________ 4. Division: __________
include _____ _________include _____ _________ __________ __________
5. Division: _________ 5. Division: _________
include ___________include ___________
Coniferophyta
Pines, cone bearing
evergreens
Anthophyta
Flowering plants
Seeded Vascular PlantsSeeded Vascular Plants GymnospermsGymnosperms A.A. B.B.
Examples:Examples:1.1.2.2.3.3.4.4.
AngiospermsAngiosperms A.A. B.B.
Examples:Examples:1.1.
2.2.
3.3.
“Naked” seed plants
Seeds are not enclosed in an ovary or fruit
Seeds are enclosed in an ovary
Flowering plants - Anthophytes
Cycads
Gentophytes
Ginkos
Conifers
Annuals – grow for 1 yr. or less
Biennials – grow for 2 yrs. & die
Perennials – grow for many years
Ex. Corn, wheat, peas, beans
Ex. Carrots, beets, turnips
Angiosperms Monocots DicotsExamples: Examples: _____________________ _______________________
Characteristics: Characteristics:
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Grass, orchids, lilies, palms Shrubs, trees, cacti, vegetables
1 cotyledon – 1 seed leaf/ food source
Parallel veins
Petals in groups of threes
Stems - Scattered vascular bundles
Roots – strands of xylems that alternate w/strands of phloem
2 cotyledons – 2 seed leafs/ food sources
Branched netted veins
Petals in groups of 4 or 5
Roots – xylem forms central star-shaped mass w/ phloem cells between rays
Stems - Vacular bundles in periphery
2 cotyledons
1 cotyledon
Petals in groups of 4 or 5
Petals in groups of 3
Branch netted veins
Parallel veins
Peripheral vascular bundles in stems
Scattered vascular bundles in stems
Structure of a FlowerStructure of a Flower
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovule
Ovary
StamenAnther
Filament
Petal
Sepal
Receptacle
Pedicel
Pollen grains
The End.The End.
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