Unit 17: Pronouns: Personal and Reflexive, Possessive Pronouns
and Adjectives Notes 17.3
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Learning Goals: By the end of the lesson students will be able
to: 1.Recognize possessives (adjectives and pronouns) in English
and in Latin. 2.Decline the possessives in Latin. 3.Use the proper
forms of the possessives in English and in Latin. 4.Translate
words, phrases, and sentences that use possessives.
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Do you remember? OKeveryone get ready to sing along with me:
Adjectives must agree the nouns they modify in case, number, and
gender!
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Possessive Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives People often get
confused with the differences between possessive pronouns and
possessive adjectives because they are very similar to each other.
Here is the main distinction: The possessive pronoun is used to
replace a noun. The possessive adjective is used to modify a
noun.
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Forms of Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
PersonPronounAdjective Iminemy you (sg)yoursyour hehis shehersher
itits weoursour you (pl)yoursyour theytheirstheir
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Using Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives A possessive pronoun
is used instead of a noun: Alexanders cart is small; mine is large.
Carrus Alexandris est parvus; mei est magnus. A possessive
adjective is used to describe a noun, and it comes in front of it,
like the demonstrative adjectives: My cart is bigger than her cart.
Meus carrus est maior quam suus carrus. Why do you think suus needs
to be masculine even though it refers to her?
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Remember: There are no apostrophes in English for possessive
pronouns and adjectives. The dog wagged its tail. The elephant
raised its trunk. Its is not a possessive pronoun or adjective it
is a contraction which means it is: Its not my dog. Its only
9:00!
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Possessive adjectives in Latin: The Possessive adjectives take
the case, number, and gender of the noun to which they belong, not
those of the possessor: Haec ornamenta sunt mea. (Val. iv. 4) These
are my jewels. Mea is neuter plural to agree with ornamenta, even
though the speaker is a woman. Mei sunt ordines, mea discriptio.
(Cat. M. 59) Mine are the rows, mine the arrangement. Mea is
feminine to agree with ordines, even though the speaker is Cyrus.
Multa in nostro collegio praeclara. (id. 64) [There are] many fine
things in our college. Nostro is neuter singular to agree with
collegio, even though it is referring to men.
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Possessive adjectives in Latin: To express possession and
similar ideas the possessive adjectives are used most often, not
the genitive of the personal or reflexive pronouns : domus mea, my
house. [Not domus mei.] pater noster, our father. [Not pater
nostri.] patrimonium tuum, your inheritance. [Not tui.]
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The Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns in Latin: meus, -a, -um
my, mine tuus, -a, -um your, yours suus, -a, -um his, her, its,
their (own) Note that this one is called a reflexive possessive. It
is singular and plural and is used only when the object belongs to
the subject, not someone else. Carrum suum ad urbem tulit. He took
his wagon to the city. (The wagon belongs to him.) Carrum ad urbem
tulit. He took his wagon to the city. (The wagon belongs to someone
else. Note that no possessive adjective is used in Latin.) noster,
-tra, -trum our, ours vester, -tra, -trum your, yours
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Now you try! Translate these sentences. Marcus suos amicos
vocat. Marcus calls his friends. Aurelia suos amicos vocat. Aurelia
calls her friends. Puellae suos amicos vocant. The girls call their
friends. How can suos be one word, yet translate as his, hers, and
their? Because suus, -a, -um is what is called a reflexive
possessive adjective. Like the reflexive pronoun it is used only
when the person to whom it refers is also the subject.
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Woo hoo! Youve finished taking notes for the year!!! Youve
grown from being newborn to being about the equivalent of a Roman
nine-year old!
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My level of understanding Check for understanding 4 I
understand the possessives as a concept; I can recognize the
possessives in Latin and in English when I see them; AND I can
decline and translate the possessives without my notes. 3 I
understand possessives as a concept; I can recognize the
possessives in Latin and in English when I see them; AND I can
decline and translate the possessives. 2 I understand the
possessives as a concept; AND I can recognize the possessives in
Latin and in English when I see them. 1 I understand the
possessives as a concept. Quid agis? How are you doing?
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Class Practice 17.3 Translate the following sentences. 1.Regina
suis sociis auxilium dat. 2.Servi frumentum vestrum portant.
3.Socii nostri nova bella parant. 4.Libri sunt mei, arma sunt tua.
5.Agri pulchri sunt dona filiis meis. 6.Populus est inimicus suis
sociis. 7.Insula nostra est proxima tuae terrae. (proximus, -a, -um
nearest) 8.Meae viae non sunt tuae viae.