AGRICULTURE:General concepts
Geography – DBH 3 SSLIC-SOCIAL SCIENCES
SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURE
ACCORDING TO
Crop diversity Water useFarming
techniquesStructure of the land
RECENT APPROACHES
SINGLE MULTIPLECROP CROP
WITH IRRIGATION WITHOUT
IRRIGATION
INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
BOCAGE OPENFIELD
“GREEN REVOLUTION”
"ORGANIC FARMING”
(Monoculture) (Polyculture)
GENERAL CONCEPTS
CROP DIVERSITY
(Polyculture)
SINGLE-CROP FARMING (Monoculture)
MULTIPLE-CROP FARMING
When only one crop (product) is grown (cultivated). When we grow more than one
product at the same time
WATER USE
Unirrigated landsWhen a crop grows WITHOUT IRRIGATION using rainwater and requires little attention
Irrigated landsWhen a crop,apart from the rainwater, needs to be artificcially irrigated. (USE OF WATER) (NO USE OF WATER)
IRRIGATED CROPS
Vegetables and fruits
UNIRRIGATED CROPS
CEREALS (WHEAT)
Olives
VINEYARDS
Grapes
OLIVES TREES
IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIN TIME PAST, very developed civilisations such as the Romans and the Muslims USED TO BUILD:
AQUEDUCTSWATERWHEELS IRRIGATION
CHANNELS
TO MAKE GOOD USE OF WATER
NOWADAYS ,
we also build: IRRIGATION CHANNELS
DAMS
RESERVOIRS
TO SUPPLY CITIES AND LANDS WITH WATER
FARMING TECHNIQUES
INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
When a land is cultivated using new technology (chemical fertilisers, pesticides, genetically improved seeds...)
It involves low use of new technology with the crop yield depending on the natural conditions of soil fertility ,water supply...
Intensive agriculture
Greenhouses
TO START THINKING......
AND ..... ...... TO CONTINUE THINKING.....
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE: SOIL EROSION
STRUCTURE OF THE LAND
OPENFIELD BOCAGE
Lands surrounded and separated by hedges and wooden fences , typical of zones next to the Atlantic....
Large fields (not divided by hedges), with geometric and straight boundaries,not indicating where a property finishes and another one begins.
RECENT APPROACHES
GREEN REVOLUTION ORGANIC
FARMING( + quantity) ( + quality)It refers to the introduction of better crop variaties (genetically modified) and increased use of fertilisers and irrigation.
-These were introduced after 1965 in developing countries and led to a substantial increased in the agricultural production
It avoids the use of artificial fertilisers , weed killers and insecticides
Instead,
Natural fertilisers
GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) CROPS
ON THE ONE HAND.....
For the first time since record keeping began in the 1960s, per capita food production in sub-Saharan Africa is beginning to rise.
Agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa has accelerated to 3.3 percent in the 1990s and to 3.8 percent per year between 2000 and 2005." As a result, the report stated, "rural poverty has also started to decline in 10 of 13 countries analyzed."This is thanks largely to an African "green revolution"—a
combination of better crop varieties and increased use of fertilizers—says soil scientist Pedro Sanchez, director of tropical agriculture at The Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York
BUT..... ON THE OTHER HAND.....
MONOCULTURE / POLYCULTURE
IRRIGATED / UNIRRIGATED LANDS
EXTENSIVE / INTENSIVE FARMING
OPENFIELD / BOCAGE
(2
(3
Look at these photos and choose between the following characteristics:
(1
ACTIVITIES:
Do the same with these ones too:
MONOCULTURE / POLYCULTURE
IRRIGATED / UNIRRIGATED LANDS
EXTENSIVE / INTENSIVE FARMING
OPENFIELD / BOCAGE
(4
(5 (7 (6
MONOCULTURE
IRRIGATED
INTENSIVE FARMING
BOCAGE / OPENFIELD
- MONOCULTURE
UNIRRIGATED
EXTENSIVE FARMING
OPENFIELD
SOLUTIONS: (1 (2
(3(4
POLYCULTURE ??/ PASTURE ???
IRRIGATED ?? / RAINWATER??
either INTENSIVE or FOR SELF CONSUM BOCAGE
POLYCULTURE ???
IRRIGATED
INTENSIVE
GREENHOUSES
MONOCULTURE POLYCULTURE MONOCULTURE
IRRIGATED IRRIGATED/RAINWATER UNIRRIGATED
INTENSIVE INTENSIVE ? / SELF CONSUM??
EXTENSIVE
GREENHOUSESBOCAGE OPENFIELD
(7 (6 (5
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