Download - TX History Ch 20.2

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Page 1: TX History Ch 20.2

Chapter 20: The Indian Wars

Section 2: War on the Plains

Page 2: TX History Ch 20.2

The Salt Creek Raid

• Problems remain after Treaty of Medicine Lodge

• Indians frustrated with reservation life

• Some Indians begin to attack Texas settlements

Page 3: TX History Ch 20.2

The Salt Creek Raid

• July 1870: U.S. troops defeated in battle after chasing Kiowa that attacked a stagecoach

• August 1870: Kiowa leader White Horse leads a series of attacks

• Legislature asks for help

Page 4: TX History Ch 20.2

The Salt Creek Raid

• 1871: Gen. William T. Sherman sent to Texas

• Has doubts about Indian threat

General William T. Sherman

Page 5: TX History Ch 20.2

The Salt Creek Raid

• May 1871: Kiowa & Comanche under big Tree, Satank, & Satanta attack wagon train near Salt Creek

• 7 men killedBig Tree & Santanta

Page 6: TX History Ch 20.2

The Salt Creek Raid

•Salt Creek Raid—Kiowa and Comanche attack on a wagon train that caused a shift in military policy towards Indians

Page 7: TX History Ch 20.2

The Salt Creek Raid

• Sherman has Big Tree, Satank, & Satanta arrested

• Satank killed while trying to escape

• Big Tree & Satanta convicted or murder and sentenced to death

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The Salt Creek Raid

• Gov. E.J. Davis changes sentence to life in prison

• Released from prison in 1873Governor E.J. Davis

Page 9: TX History Ch 20.2

Mackenzie’s Raids

• The Salt Creek Raid convince the war department that Indians must be forced onto reservations.

Page 10: TX History Ch 20.2

Mackenzie’s Raids

• Ranald S. Mackenzie—U.S. colonel who became famous fighting American Indians on the frontier Ranald S. Mackenzie

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Mackenzie’s Raids

•Colonel Mackenzie’s campaign in Texas was meant to force all of the Indians onto reservations.

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Mackenzie’s Raids

• Fall 1871: Mackenzie begins raids

• Led by Tonkawa Indian scouts

• Fought battle against Comanche at Blanco Canyon

Page 13: TX History Ch 20.2

Mackenzie’s Raids

• Quanah Parker—Comanche leader whose mother was a captured settlerQuanah Parker

Page 14: TX History Ch 20.2

Cynthia Parker

• Captured by Comanche in 1836

• Lived with Comanche

• 1860: captured by Texas Rangers

• Always wanted to return to Comanche

Cynthia Parker

Page 15: TX History Ch 20.2

Mackenzie’s Raids

• Mackenzie pursues Comanche into Panhandle

• Escape during snowstorm

• Spring 1872: Mackenzie renews attacks following Indian raids

Page 16: TX History Ch 20.2

Mackenzie’s Raids

• September 29, 1872: Mackenzie’s troops defeat a Comanche force near Pampa

• Killed Comanche, destroyed village, & took 120 women and children prisoner

• Parker led unsuccessful attack to free prisoners

Page 17: TX History Ch 20.2

Mackenzie’s Raids

• Mackenzie kept prisoners at Fort Concho to try & convince others to surrender

• Many Comanche abandoned life on plains & move to reservations

• Mackenzie goes to Mexican border to stop Kickapoo & Lipan Apache attacks

Page 18: TX History Ch 20.2

The Slaughter of the Buffalo

• Plains Indians depended on buffalo for generations

• Risks to survival of buffalo:

– Westward expansion of railroads

– Development of new tanning technology & a market for hides

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The Slaughter of the Buffalo

• Risks to survival of buffalo:

– Buffalo guns

– Desire to force Plains Indians to live on reservations

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The Slaughter of the Buffalo

•Buffalo guns allowed hunters to kill from a long distance away.

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The Slaughter of the Buffalo

“Let them (hunters) kill, skin, & sell

until the buffaloes are exterminated.

Then your prairies can be covered with

speckled cattle.”

--General Philip Sheridan

General Philip Sheridan

Page 22: TX History Ch 20.2

The Slaughter of the Buffalo

• Buffalo killed in order to force Indians to move.

• Growing market for buffalo hides nearly made them extinct.

• 1872-1874: estimated 4.3 million buffalo killed