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ITU Standardization and its new Environment
Madrid, Spain, 12th December 2002
by
Houlin ZHAO
DirectorTelecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)International Telecommunication Union, Geneva
Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – SwitzerlandTel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853
E-mail: [email protected] Home page address: http://www.itu.int
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1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine
between Washington and Baltimore1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone
1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to
International Telecommunication Union
1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:
ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks
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TSBStructure of the ITU
PlenipotentiaryConference
RadiocommunicationSector
TelecommunicationStandardization Sector Development Sector
World Conferenceson International
Telecommunications
WorldTelecommunication
StandardizationAssembly (WTSA)
Council
Radio RegulationsBoard
StudyGroups
DirectorSecretary-GeneralDeputy Secretary-General
CoordinationCommittee
General Secretariat
StudyGroups
StudyGroups
AdvisoryGroup
Bureau
Director
Bureau
AdvisoryGroup Director
Bureau
AdvisoryGroup
World/RegionalConferences
RadiocommunicationAssembly
World/RegionalConferences
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• mainly financed by Governments
• work dominated by industry
• procedures very efficient, no longer slow • seek effective cooperation with SDOs to share the work
• should be open to emerging technologies
• should be open to researchers / students
• try to keep its pre-eminent status
Situation of ITU Standardization
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TSBCCITT and ITU-T
CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee):1956 1st Plenary Assembly 1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red Books1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books1968 4th Plenary Assembly White Books1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green Books
1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange Books1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow Books1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red Books1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue Books
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector):1993 1st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki1996 2nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva2000 3rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal
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TSBFunctions of ITU-T
"The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector
shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to
telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this
Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions
and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to
standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis"
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TSBOrganizational Structure of ITU-T
WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY
TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATIONADVISORY GROUP
STUDY GROUP
WORKINGPARTY
R
STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP
WORKINGPARTY
WORKINGPARTY
R R R
R = RAPPORTEUR GROUP
- Workshop / forum - Focus Group- Joint Group- Project team
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TSBITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance
Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including relatedtelecommunications economic and policy issues
Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN
Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects
Study Group 6: Outside plant
Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission
Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols
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TSBITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of
networksand terminals
Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and
their internetworking
Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks
Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals
Study Group 17: Data networks and telecommunication software
SSG: IMT-2000 and Beyond
TSAG: Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group(Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …)
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3 months minimum
1 month minimum
4 weeks
SG or WPmeeting
SG or WPdetermination
Chairman'srequest
Edited textavailable
Consultation period
Director'sannouncement
Director's request
Textdistributed
Director'snotification
Deadline forMember States' replies
SGdecision
SGmeeting
7 working days
maximum
Approval of new and revised Recommendations -Sequence of events (TAP)
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Approved
Director’s Notification
SG or WP
Meeting
Edited Text
for LC
Director’s Announcement
and Posting for LC
(a)
(b)
(c)
Comment Resolution
Edited Text
Available
Director’s Announcement
and Posting
SG Meeting
(a)
(a)
(b)
Director’s Announcement
and Posting for AR
(b)
3 weeks
4 weeks LC
3 weeks AR
LC: Last Call AR: Additional Review
AAP Sequence of Events(extract from Rec. A.8)
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• Questions (projects)• Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions,
temporary documents)• face-to-face meeting:
- debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts• Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements• Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements)
draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendationsapproved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations,published Recommendations
• Implementor’s Guides• Meeting reports• Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp• Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms
Working methods
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TSBITU-T Recommendations Series (1)
Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T
Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification
Series C General telecommunication statistics
Series D General tariff principles
Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors
Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I Integrated services digital network
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Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals
Series K Protection against interference
Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant
Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits
Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits
Series O Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)
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TSBITU-T Recommendations Series (3)
Series Q Switching and signalling
Series R Telegraph transmission
Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T Terminals for telematic services
Series U Telegraph switching
Series V Data communication over the telephone network
Series X Data networks and open system communication
Series Y Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects
Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunicationsystems
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TSBBest Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations
2002 - Best selling texts (in the order of sales number as of 23/10/02):
G.703 (Pre Pub) G.707/Y.1322 G.711 G.783 G.652 G.957
X.509 G.709/Y.1331 H.263 H.323 G.826 G.726 T.6
G.704 G.709/Y.1331 Amdt 1 (Pre Pub) G.723.1 G.825 G.655 G.813
T.4
Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations:
E.164 E.190 E.212G.652 G.655 G.692 G.703 G.704 G.711 G.720 G.723 Annex A+disk G.723.1 G.729+Annex A+disk G.780-series (SDH) G.826 G.957 G.982 G.990-series (xDSL)H.225.0 H.245 H.248 H.263 H.323 H.324 H.450 I.365 I.432 I.731 J.112 J.117M.3010 M.3100 M.3400Q.931 Q.1700-series (IMT-2000)T.30 T.37 T.38 V.34 V.44 V.59 V.90 V.92X.25 X.36 X.509 X.680-series (ASN.1) X.690 X.840-seriesY.1310 Y.1540
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TSB
before 1988 1989-1993 1993-1996 1997-2000 2001-2004
Approval time
4 years
2 years
18 months
9 months (exceptional
case: 5 months)
2-9
months
Publication time
2-4 years
2 years
1-1.5 year
6-12
months
3-9 months
Notes: 1. Pre-published Recommendations, available on ITU-T Website, from a few days
to four weeks after approval of the text. 2. Recs in force, pre-published, superseded/obsolete: available on ITU-T Website. 3. Forms of publication: paper, CD-ROM, electronic bookshop, online, etc.
4. FREE ONLINE ACCESS SINCE JANUARY 2001 (one free access per member, 3 free downloads for public) 5. “Approval time” counted between “determination/consent” and final approval
Approval and publication time of Recommendations
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TSBITU-T's main work areas
Three major items:
- IP-related issues
- IMT-2000
- Accounting rates
Other items:
- Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), optical transmission,security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc.
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TSBITU-T’s work on voice coding
7 kHz band - wideband (G.722-series)
4 kHz band - analogue
64 kbit/s - PCM, G.711, 1972
32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G.721, 1984
16 kbit/s - G.728, 1992
8 kbit/s - G.729, 1996
4 kbit/s - G.4kbps
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TSBITU-T’s work on still picture coding
Classic facsimile (G3, G4) T.4, T.6
B/W still pictures (JBIG) T.82, T.83
Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T.81
(lossless) (JPEG-LS) T.86
(JPEG-2000) T.800
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TSBITU-T’s work on moving picture coding
H.261 - video coding at n x 64 kbit/s
H.262 - generic video and audio coding
H.263 - video coding for low bit rates
H.264 - advanced video coding in progress (= MPEG-4 Part 10) (consent expected February 2003)
- improved multimedia video coding
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Year9.6 kbit/s28.8 kbit/s
56.6 kbit/s
128 kbit/s
2 Mbit/s
640 kbit/s
8 Mbit/s
25 Mbit/s
50 Mbit/s
1989 1997 2000
Analog modems
ISDN
HDSL/ADSL
VDSL
OPTICALACCESS
622 Mbit/s
Access network
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TSBITU-T’s work on Optical networking
Fully optical networks
Increased bit rates (up to 40 Gbit/s)
Use of multi-wavelength techniques DWDM
Use of optical amplifiers
Interoperability and interconnection
Submarine optically amplified DWDM
Access networks for new high speed services
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TSBITU-T’s products for IP-networks
E.164 …
G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728 (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL) …
H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems) …
I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM) …
J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x + J.17x (IPCablecom) …
M.3120 (CORBA for TMN) …
Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC), Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2) …
T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia conference) …
V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92 (56 kbit/s) …
X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx (Directory), particularly X.509, X.68x/X.69x (ASN.1), X.8xx (security), X.9xx (ODP) …
Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII
Z.100 (SDL), Z.14x (TTCN), Z.3xx (MM languages) ……
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Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums
Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems
Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems
New Generation of mobile systems
ITU-T’s mobile communications
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Quality of Service (QoS)
Numbering and routing
Security
Tariffs and Accounting rates
Interworking
Ensuring global interoperability
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01/2000
12/2001
difference
11/2002
difference
Administrations
189 189 - 189 -
ROAs 161 179 + 18 179 -
SIOs 189 234 + 45 224 - 10
Associates - 30 + 30 55 + 25
Others 40 39 - 1 35 - 4
(Others: such as ISO, IEC, ISOC/IETF, INTELSAT, INMARSAT, EUTELSAT,ETSI, CEPT…)
ITU-T Members
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Administrations (96/2208)
ROAs (87/1783) SIOs (167/1875)
U.S.A. 342 NTT 188 Lucent 166+58 +
China 232 FT 184 Ericsson 147+5+
Germany 187 BT 148 Siemens 136+17+
France 106
DT 134 Nortel 91+51+
Russia 99 ATT 77 Alcatel 35+23+40+18+
U.K. 95 KDDI 69 CSELT 69
Canada 63 Telecom Italia 65 NEC 47
Japan 63 Swisscom 65 Nokia 46
India 62 KT 59 Fujitsu 42
Ukraine 58 Telenor 58 Telecordia 36
Italy 56 Royal KPN 58 Motorola 27+8
Syria 53 Telia 46 OKI 32
Korea 50 Telekom Austria 37 ETRI 32
Total: 1466 (66%)
Total: 1188 (67%)
Total: 1126 (60%)
Top Members participation (07/98-08/00)
(Note – Cisco: 13)
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- ITU-T work is shared by Governments and Industry Members(service providers and telecom equipment vendors)
- Individual Industry Memberships in ITU Sectors
- 13 out of 14 Study Group Chairmen (including TSAG) appointed are from Sector Members
- Classic telecom members (to attract new IT Members)
- Director’s Informal Consultation meeting (with Industries)known as “Martigny meetings”, twice: Feb. 2000 and Feb. 2001
- Key point of ITU Reform: Industry Members’ rights and duties(partnership)
Industry Members’ role
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Budget SDO Membership fees NoteAnnual fee
(US$)
(25,000,000 $)
40,000,000 SFr
ITU-T Minimum mandatoryOther optional
½ unit (31,500 SFr) 20,000
20,275,000 $
(21,909,000 Euros)
ETSI Mandatory according to turnover
45 units (5,000 Euros/unit) 211,050
IETF Depending on participation
350 $/500 $ per meeting per person,3 meetings per year
1050/1500 x ?
1,200,000 $
ECMA Mandatory $ 42,000 / $ 18, 000 / $ 10,000standards free
42,000
(18,300,000 $)
29,305,000 SFr
ISO Through national members
Shared by national members(five big members pay 9% of the budget)
(individual company up to 50,000)
(11,900,000 $)
19,000,000 SFr
IEC
(4,456,200 Euros)
4,000,000 $
3GPP Shared by 6 SDOs Average500,000/SDO
1,840,000 $
3GPP2 Shared by 5 SDOs Average360,000/SDO
W3C Mandatory 50,000 $ / 5,000 $, standards free
50,000
IEEE Mandatory 5,000
2,870,000 $
ATM Mandatory + meeting fees
$ 14,000/5,000/3,500/1,500,$ 250/275 per meeting4 meetings/year, standards free
14,000+1,000/1,100 x?
Company’s dues to SDOs(ITU-T Associates = US $ 6,000)
(Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their members; such expenditures are not counted in the budget.)
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Intergovernment
ITU(ITU-T and ITU-R)
NGOsISO, IEC
…..Forums / Consortia / SDOs
1394TA 3G.IP 3GPP 3GPP2 AIM AMFAMI-C AOEMA AOW ARIB ATM Forum BINTERMSBluetooth Cable Modems CBOP CDG CIFCIICommerceNet CommerceNet J Committee T1 COSCPR CTFJDHF DISA DOPG DSL Forum ECE ECHONETECMA ECOM ECTF EDIFICE EDS EEMAEIDX EMA EMF ERTICO ETSI EWOSFCIA FCIA-J FIPA FRF FS-VDSL FSANGSM Assoc. HNF Home API HomePNA HRFWG IDB ForumIEEE IETF IFIP IFSA IMTC IMWAIPv6 IrDA ITS America ITS UK JAVA JCTEAJECALS JEDIC JEMA JICSAP JIMM JMFLONMARK MCPC MDG.org MITF MMCF Mobile WebMOPA MPLS Forum MSF MWIF OASIS ODVAOIF OMG OSGi PCCA PCISIG PCMCIAPHS MoU PICMG PKI POF Salutation SCFSCTE SDL Forum SDR SSIPG STA TIATINA-C TM Forum TOG TSC TTA TTCUMTS USBIF UWCC W3C WAP WDFWeb 3D WfMC WIN Forum WLIF XTP Forum
ITU positioning
………
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• ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC JTC 1cooperation since the 1970s; common texts since 1992WTSA-2000 Resolution 7, Recommendation A.23Joint President Cooperation Group (JPCG) World StandardsCooperation (WSC)
• IETFITU-T Member since 1995MoU PSO, July 1999; provide secretarial support to PSO, since 08/01Joint management team meetings in 11/99 and 08/01
• ETSIITU-T Member since early 1990sMoU cooperation in June 2000
• ISO, IEC, UN/ECEMoU on e-business in March 2000
• GSC (Global Standards Collaboration): Since March 1994TTA, TTC, ARIB, ETSI, T1, TIA, TSACC, ACIF, ITU
ITU-T coordination with SDOs
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TSBITU Resolutions and ITU-T Recommendation conc. Internet
ITU Resolution 101 (Minneapolis, 1998): “Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks”
ITU Resolution 102 (Minneapolis, 1998): “Management of Internet domain names and addresses”
ITU-T Recommendation A.5 (01/98): “Generic procedures for including references to documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations”
Annex A: Information specific to ISOC/IETF documents
ITU Council-99 endorsed two actions (C99/51):
1. Participation by ITU-T in ICANN PSO
2. ITU Management of the .INT top level domain
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TSBCooperation with IETF/IAB
Good cooperation between ITU-T and IETF started in 1997,good results for T.37, T.38, H.248, etc.
ITU-T becomes one of the founding members for PSO- MoU signed in Oslo, 14 July 1999- take over the secretariat support for PSO since August 2001
My presentation at the IETF-45 Plenary warmly welcomed
Joint meeting of ITU-T SG Chairs and IETF Area Directors:1st meeting: Washington, D.C., 7 November '99 (30 participants)2nd meeting: London, 5 August 2001 (30 participants)
Joint meeting with IAB, London, 5 August (20 participants)
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IETF protocol defined in RFC 2916
E.164 number can be used to look up a UniformResource Identifier (URI)
- Web addresses most commonly known URIs
Allows using E.164 number in context of combined PSTN & IP services (email, fax, SIP address, coordinates, other?)
For example: +44 1206 762335 5.3.3.2.6.7.6.0.2.1.4.4.e164.TLD
What is ENUM?
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Define and implement administrative procedures that coordinate delegations of E.164 numbering resources into the agreed DNS name servers
Director of TSB, on behalf of Administrations, to control the implementation of ENUM under e164.arpa on a trial basis, while the registering is done by RIPE NCC
ITU-T Responsibilities regarding ENUM
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President of ICANN call for reform in February 2002
TSB Director conducted informal consultation with ITU Members in March/April
TSB Director presents a paper to ICANN on its reform, offering to assist ICANN in certain areas
ITU Council-2002 unanimously supported TSB Director’s initiative
Many contacts between ITU-T and the outside partners concerned
PP-02 Resolution 102
ICANN Reform
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ITU-T Rec. A. 4: communication with forums and consortia
ITU-T Rec. A. 5: referencing documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations
ITU-T Rec. A. 6: cooperation and exchange of information with SDOs
Invitation to the Informal Forum Summit by the Director of TSB (December 3-4, 2001)
ITU-T Cooperation with forums / consortia / SDOs
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A.4 A.5
A.6
ASN.1 Consortium ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)
ARIB
ATM Forum ATM Forum Committee T1
DSL Forum Committee T1 CWTS
ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services)
CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group)
ECMA
FRF (Frame Relay Forum) DSL Forum ETSI
IMTC (Multimedia) ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems
IEEE
IPDR Organization ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
JCTEA
IPv6 Forum FRF NIST
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
SCTE
MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum) ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force)
TIA
OASIS JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association)
TTA
OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) MPLS Forum TTC
OMG (Object Management Group) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
SDL Forum Society OASIS
TM Forum (Tele Management Forum) OIF
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) OMG
SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
TM Forum
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
W3C
Members for Rec. A.4, A.5and A.6 relationship
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Some forums become A.4 members of ITU-T
FS-VDSL Forum has become a Focus Group of ITU-T SG 16
Another Forum is considering to become a Focus Group of ITU-T
Home page connections for ITU-T and Forums/Consortia
ITU-T SG 16 management member be included in the Forumleadership
New approaches…
TO COOPERATE and WORK TOGETHER!
New relationships betweenForums/Consortia and ITU-T
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“Consensus: after WTSA-2000, the ITU-T procedures are now very streamlined and efficient so that any perception of slowness can no longer be attributed to the ITU-T methods…”
“fully recognized that Sector Members have a significant leadership role in the ITU-T technical standardization activities…”
“ITU-T is and should remain the unique worldwide venue for industry and governments to work together in developing,
providing and promoting global consensus-based telecommunication requirements and standards for the Information Society”
Welcome you in ITU-T!
**********
Industry Views on ITU-T Martigny, February 2001
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