2. SEWERS Sewers are the drains or closed conduits, used for
the conveyance and carriage of sewage from the house drain, to the
sewage treatment plant. Building Services Presentation 212 May
2015
3. Materials Stoneware Cast iron Rigid PVC Cement Concrete
Asbestos Cement Building Services Presentation 312 May 2015
4. Materials CI,AC or PVC pipes are generally used for above
ground drainage. For underground sewers stoneware pipes,CI or CC
pipes are generally used because of there higher strength and
ability to withstand to external pressure . Building Services
Presentation 412 May 2015
5. STONEWARE PIPES Stoneware pipes, are also known as vitrified
clay pipes are prepared from clays and shales. They are
manufactured in sizes 8O to 6OOO mm in dia, but sizes more than 380
mm dia are not used in cost consideration. Building Services
Presentation 512 May 2015
6. Joints inSW Pipes 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation
6
7. Laying of Stoneware pipes All pipes are laid on a bed of
15cm cement or lime concrete. The sewers with there crown level at
1.2mm depth and less from ground are covered with 15cm thick
concrete all around the pipe. Building Services Presentation 712
May 2015
8. Jointing ofSW Cement mortar joint Polyester and rubber ring
joint Sleeved joint Building Services Presentation 812 May
2015
9. A Advantages Disadvantages SW pipes are strong enough to
take the load of backfilling and traffic. These sewers being
brittle in nature, are likely to be damaged during transport or
handling operations. The interior surface being smooth and
impervious, carrying capacity of sewage is good. These sewers are
bulky and heavy in weight. SW pipes are cheap and easily available.
These sewers are durable and resist corrosion against most acids.
Building Services Presentation 9 Advantages and Disadvantages 12
May 2015
10. StraightSW pipes In the socketed pipes, one end has socket
and other end is called spigot. The interior of socket and exterior
of socket has grooves for holding the jointing material in place.
Normally 100 to 150 diameter pipes are used. Larger diameters pipes
are used for public sewers. Building Services Presentation 1012 May
2015
11. Radius bends These are used at horizontal and vertical
changes of direction of straight lengths of drains. Building
Services Presentation 1112 May 2015
12. SW junctions These are necessary between drains. The branch
or the arm of the junctions should be obliquely inclined in the
direction of the flow of sewage. Right angled or squared junctions
should be completely avoided. In unavoidable circumstances, branch
pipe which is at right angles to a main drain should be connected
by mean of oblique junction and slow bend. Building Services
Presentation 1212 May 2015
13. Taper pipes Taper pipes are used when there is a need to
increase or decrease the size of stoneware pipes. Building Services
Presentation 1312 May 2015
14. Bending/Encas ing stoneware pipes Internal diameter
Thickness of barrel socket in mm 100 12 150 16 200 17 250 19 300 20
350 25 400 30 450 35 500 38 Building Services Presentation 1412 May
2015
15. CAST IRON PIPES Cast iron pipes are strong and durable.The
surfaces of CI pipes are coated with paint or cement concrete, so
as to avoid its reaction with acids contained in the sewage.
Building Services Presentation 1512 May 2015
16. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 16 CAST IRON
PIPES CI pipes are used in following cases: When the drain passes
under a structure of covered area. When the drains passes the under
a road, which is subjected to heavy traffic and where the covering
cushion is not considered sufficient. When the drain passes through
a place where it is subjected to vibration.
17. JointsOfCI Pipes 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation
17
18. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 18
19. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 19
20. RIGID PVC DRANAGE SYSTEM They are widely accepted for
applications such as cold water services, internal external water
system water mains, rain water system and underground drainage
water pipe system Rigid PVC pipes are generally available from 16
to 350mm diameter, but pipes of sizes up to 600 diameter also
produced. Rigid PVC is resistant to most inorganic acids, alkalis
and sault as well as many organic chemical. It is quit resistant to
most effluents, sault water, corrosive fumes, soil and the likes,
which leads to its application over a wide field. Building Services
Presentation 2012 May 2015
21. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 21
22. RIGID PVC JOINTS 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation
22
23. RIGID PVC FITTINGS 12 May 2015 Building Services
Presentation 23
24. CEMENT CONCRETE PIPES Cement concrete pipes are used for
carrying sewage may be plain or reinforced. PlainCement concrete
pipes are used in sewerage system on a limited scale, and generally
reinforced pipes are used. Reinforced pipes are manufactured by
centrifugal process or spun process. The RCC spun pipes are of two
types: Non pressure Pressure pipe Building Services Presentation
2412 May 2015
25. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 25
26. Building Services Presentation 26 Class Description Table
Pressure (Hydrostatics) Conditions where normally used NP1
Unreinforced concrete non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter
head) For drainage and irrigation use, above ground and shallow
trenches. NP2 Reinforced concrete light duty, non pressure pipes
0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter head) For drainage and irrigation use, for
culverts carrying light traffic. NP3 Reinforced concrete medium
duty non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7 meter head) For drainage
and irrigation use, for culverts carrying heavy traffic. NP4
Reinforced concrete, heavy duty, non pressure pipes 0.7 kg sq cm (7
meter head) For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying
heavy traffic such as railway loading. P1 Reinforced concrete
pressure pipes. 2 kg sq cm (20 meter head) For use on gravity
mains, the design pressure not exceeding 2/3rd of the test
pressure. P2 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes. 4 kg sq cm (40
meter head) For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not
exceeding half of the test pressure. P3 Reinforced concrete
pressure pipes. 6 kg sq cm (60 meter head) For use on pumping
mains, the design pressure not exceeding half of the test pressure.
12 May 2015
27. Reinforcements inCC pipes Single circular cage For the
sewers of diameter not more than 80cm the single circular cage
reinforcement is provided. Double circular cage If the diameter of
the pipe exceeds 80cm, and is subject to both internal and external
pressure CC pipes are provided double reinforced cage. Building
Services Presentation 2712 May 2015
28. RCC PIPES SECTION Single and double reinforcement CC sewer
pipe with elliptical cage 12 May 2015 Building Services
Presentation 28
29. RCC PIPE WITH SECTION 12 May 2015 Building Services
Presentation 29
30. Shapes of sewers Egg shaped section Horse shoe section
Building Services Presentation 3012 May 2015
31. Shapes of sewers Parabolic section Box type section
Building Services Presentation 3112 May 2015
32. Process of lying RCC sewer pipe 12 May 2015 Building
Services Presentation 32