TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Developed by Eric Berne a Psychotherapist in 1950

TA, a model for personality and dynamics of self and its relationship to others that makes possible a clear and meaningful discussion of behavior.

TA refers to a method of analyzing and understanding interpersonal behavior.

The study of transactions between people is called Transactional Analysis.

Ego States PARENT EGO: Parent ego include being

overprotective, isolated, strict, crucial and honest. Physical and verbal clues that someone interacting

with the parent ego include the wave backwards and forwards finger to show displeasure, reference to laws and rules, and trust on ways that were successful in the past.

Two types of parent ego states – nurturing and critical. Nurturing parent ego states reflects caring behavior towards children and other people in interaction. Controlling parent ego state reflects serious behavior in interaction with others.

Ego States

ADULT EGO: Person interacting with adult ego views people as

equal, worthy and reasonable human beings. Adult is characterized by logical thinking and

reasoning. The ego state can be identified by verbal and

physical signs which include thoughtful concentration and factual discussion. He keeps and controls emotional expressions appropriately.

Ego StatesCHILD EGO: Characteristics of child ego include creativity,

depression, anxiety, dependence, fear and hate. Physical and verbal clues are silent, attention seeking,

giggling and nervousness. Three parts of child ego: natural, adaptive, rebellious Natural child is friendly, reckless, luxurious and does

what comes naturally. Adaptive child is the trained one and he is likely to do

what parents insist on, and sometimes learns to feel non-OK.

Rebellious child experiences anger, fear and frustration.

Ego States

CONTROLLING PARENT

NURTURING PARENT

ADULT

REBELLIOUSCHILD

NATURALCHILD

ADAPTIVECHILD

LIFE POSITIONSPsychological positions

IAM O.K.

YOU ARE O.K.

IAM NOT O.K.

YOU ARE O.K.

IAM O.K.

YOU ARE NOT O.K. YOU ARE NOT O.K.

IAM NOT O.K.

YOU ARE O.K.

YOU ARE NOT O.K.

IAM O.K.IAM NOT O.K.

Iam O.K., You are O.K.

People with this position about themselves and others can solve their problems constructively.

They accept the significance of other people and feel that life is worth living.

Managers from this position, likely to express more consistent pattern of confidence and competence. They are able to express freely what they feel good about others. They delegate authority and feel comfortable with a spread of authority.

Iam O.K., You are not O.K. They blame others for their unhappiness. This is the case of aggrieved persons with an

attitude that whatever they feelings. Managers operate with parent ego. Managers tend to point out the error, the bad

things rarely giving any hot, genuinely carrying feelings.

Managers lack trust or confidence. They do not believe in delegation of authority.

Iam not O.K., You are O.K. Managers operating from this position tend to

give and receive bad feelings. Managers often use their bad feelings as an

excuse to act out against others. When they feel guilty for their acts and turn

their bad feelings against themselves. They tend to think twice in their behavior and

are often changeable.

Iam not O.K., You are not O.K. This position is taken by those people who lose

interest in living. Manager do not make decisions in time, make

stupid mistakes. They lack personal strength.

TRANSACTIONSComplementary Transactions: Adult – Adult transaction

S = Stimulus, R = Response

P

C C

A A

P

R

S

TRANSACTIONSComplementary Transactions: Parent – Child transaction

S = Stimulus, R = Response

P

C C

A A

P

R

S

TRANSACTIONSNon-Complementary Transactions: Crossed transaction

S = Stimulus, R = Response

P

C C

A A

P

R

S

TRANSACTIONS

Ulterior Transactions: Blocked transactions

Communications has a clear adult message, whereas it carries a hidden message on the psychological level.

This transaction is undesirable.

BENEFITS OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Developing Positive Thinking Interpersonal Effectiveness Motivation Organizational Development

SELF DEVELOPMENT

Johari window: Model of awareness in interpersonal relations.

PUBLIC AREA BLIND AREA

HIDDEN AREA UNKNOWN AREA

KNOWN TO SELF

KNOWN TOOTHERS

UNKNOWN TO SELF

UNKNOWN TO OTHERS

I II

III IV

Public Area - Quadrant I

Quadrant I is the area of free activity or public area.

Information, behavior, attitudes, feelings, desires, ideas and motivation know to self as well as to others.

Blind Area - Quadrant II

Quadrant II is the area where others can see things in ourselves.

Things may be qualities, thoughts and feelings.

Hidden Area - Quadrant III

Quadrant III represents things we know but do not reveal to others.

This area includes all our deepest and well-kept secrets about ourselves.

Unknown Area - Quadrant IV

Quadrant IV represents which neither the individual nor others are aware of certain behaviors or motives.

SELF DEVELOPMENT

Johari window: Model of awareness in interpersonal relations.

PUBLIC AREA BLIND AREA

HIDDEN AREA UNKNOWN AREA

KNOWN TO SELF

KNOWN TOOTHERS

UNKNOWN TO SELF

UNKNOWN TO OTHERS

I II

III IV

A change in one of the Quadrant brings about changes in other quadrants.

AS one of the quadrants grows larger the other quadrants become smaller.