Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Ângela MedinaMasters in Criminology
Summary:
The Human Trafficking
Trafficking woman for sexual exploitation
Locate Portugal in the human trafficking map;
Small discription about the women victims
Ways of protecting these victims
The Portuguese Law
Assistence by NGO’s
2 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
The Human Trafficking Warsaw Convention - article 4.
“Trafficking in human beings” shall mean the recruitment,
transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by
means of the treat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of
abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a
position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments
or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control
over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation
shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or
services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the
removal of organs.
3 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
The Human Trafficking Portuguese Penal Code – art. 160.
Who offering, giving, recruit, solicit, accept, transport, harbors or receives
a person for purposes of exploitation, including sexual exploitation, labor
exploitation, begging, slavery, organ harvesting or exploitation of other
criminal activities :
a) Through violence, kidnapping or serious threat;
b) Through deceit or fraudulent misrepresentation;
c) With abuse of authority resulting from a hierarchical relationship of
dependency, economic, family or work;
d) Taking advantage of mental incapacity or of a position of particular
vulnerability of the victim, or
e) Upon obtaining consent from the person who has control over the
victim;
4 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
The Human Trafficking 2 - who, by any means, recruit, solicit, transport, harboring or
receipt proceed to the lowest, or deliver, offer or accept, for
purposes of exploitation, including sexual exploitation, labor
exploitation, begging, slavery, organ harvesting, adoption or
operation of other criminal activities;
5 - Who, for payment or other consideration, offer, give, solicit or
accept less, or obtain or provide consent for its adoption,
6 - Who having knowledge of the commission of a crime provided
for in paragraphs 1 and 2, use the services or bodies of victims;
7 - Who withholds, hiding, damaging or destroying of identity and
travel documents in person a victim of crime.
5 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
The Human Trafficking
Annual Report of Human Being Traffic (2012) of
the Portuguese Human Trafficking Observatory
(OTSH), have been identified: 23 crimes of trafficking in persons;
94 crimes of Pimping and child pornography;
10 crimes of association of aid to manpower illegal;
4 crimes of raising labor illegal;
85 crimes of marriage for convenience;
93 crimes of assisting illegal immigration;
1985 other illegal immigrants.
6 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Portugal is one of the destination countries of Trafficking of
women for sexual exploitation.
Factors for the occurrence of these situations
Reduced social visibility (favored by the social shadow of the
victims and the use of means of domination);
Lack of collective consciousness of the problem;
Culture of fear (treats and physical assaults);
Document retention;
Fear of police;
Illegality situation.
7 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
According to Kelly and Regan, there are different
levels of victimization to which different types of
victims:
1.º level: total coercion. Victims are abducted;
2.º level: woman deceived with promises of
employment than prostitution;
3.º level: woman know they will work in the sex
industry but not in prostitution;
4.º level: woman know that they will work at
prostitution but they end up exploited.
8 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Who are these victims?
In Portugal, most of the identified victims are from
Brazil, Eastern Europe (Romanian and Ukrainian),
Africa, Nigeria end Ghana.
They are young woman, under 35 years old.
Come from vulnerable social contexts, with strong
economic weakness and with dependents,
especially children.
9 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
In 2012, have been signalized
81 cases of Human trafficking,
with 125 potential victims,
25 of them for sexual exploitation and 3 for labor and
sexual exploitation.
Have been confirmed 4 cases of Human
trafficking for sexual exploitation.
10 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation Principal Characteristics of the identified victims:
Woman,
both married like unmarried;
between 22 and 32 years;
Brazilian;
Most legal in the country;
Recruited by Brazilian;
Deceived with promises of work;
Controlled by direct and indirect threats and movement
control.
11 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Ways of protecting these victims:
On the Portuguese legal system we have:
The protection law of witnesses in criminal process;
Residence permit to victims of trafficking in human
beings or action to facilitate illegal immigration;
Granting of residence permits to foreign citizens
identified as victim of trafficking in human beings;
System of declaration for future memory;
Possibility for victim to be informed of the release
or escape of the accused or convicted.
12 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
Ways of protecting these victims:
In Portugal there is a Shelter and Protection
for women victims of trafficking for sexual
exploitation and their children (CAP), located
in Oporto, adopting a system of
Rehabilitation,
Repair, and
Reintegration of the victims.
13 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
THE END
14 Trafficking of women for sexual exploitation
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