Toward the synthesis of cold and dense anti-kaonic nuclear
systems at J-PARC Toshimitsu Yamazaki, Univ Tokyo, RIKEN with Y.
Akaishi and other collaborators KAON from Erichs dream toward Kaon
Condensed Matter
Slide 3
DR KAON * Successful birth of 3 Meson Factories ~ 1974: Los
Alamos, SIN, TRIUMF * Sciences with mesons, as well as sciences of
the mesons (incl. muons) * Next generation ~ 1980s planned &
proposed Erichs KAON factory: from Canadian to Global * The idea
inherited to J-PARC Erichs great contribution 1974 ~ * Central
problems to be pursued: K meson (Kaon: Nambu-Goldstone boson)
chiral symmetry restoration
Slide 4
Fronties of Nuclear Regime nuclear physics law: density =
constant High temperature High density: Quark-Gluon Plasma being
explored at relativistic HI collisions at BNL and CERN Low
temperature High density ?? Nothing is known except neutron stars
Key elements: PIONS & KAONS Chiral symmetry restoration
Slide 5
K - + p 123 r fm 0 -50 -200 -300 -400 -500 MeV (1405) ++ ++ K -
+ pp 123 r fm 0 -50 -200 -300 -400 -500 MeV ++ ++ K - + 3 He 123 r
fm 0 -50 -200 -300 -400 -500 MeV ++ ++ Starting from: K - p atom
K-N scattering 1405) Strong K - - p attraction (Weise:1996) Nuclear
shrinkage predicted 2002 Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, PRC 65 (2002)
044005 T. Yamazaki and Y. Akaishi, PLB 535 (2002) 70
Slide 6
Pionic and kaonic origins of nuclear forces named by K.
Nishijima K - pp First predicted T.Y. Y. Akaishi, 2002;
Slide 7
Two different reaction mechanisms to produce * p --> K - pp
Conventional : + + n --> * + K + * -p distance at collision ~
2.2 fm sticking probability: small ~ 1% * : mostly in the q. f.
region New 2007 p + p --> * + p + K + Collision distance R NN ~
1/m ~ 0.3 fm matches the small size ~ 1 fm of the dense K - pp
bound state. sticking probability ~ 1 Dominance of 1405 -p sticking
in NN collisions: *-p doorway 2005 predicted J-PARC E27
Slide 8
Concerted experimental evidence for high-density K - pp * 2010
DISTO: enormous yield in short-range and high-q p + p collision *
2014 J-PARC E27: very small cross section, but successfully
identified
Slide 9
DISTO results A gigantic peak observed T.Y. et al., PRL 104
(2010) 1.A robust peak observed in pp K + + p + at large angle
deviation spectra of both M(p ) and M(K) 2. Presence of K - pp
established with B K = 105 +- 2 MeV, = 118 +- 5 MeV in agreement
with the deep regime not with the shallow regime 3. Peak /
continuum ~ 0.1; 1405 / ~ 0.1 extraordinary sticking X / 1405 ~ 1,
as predicted proving K - pp strongly bound, dense
Slide 10
J-PARC E27 BK-pp = 95 +18 -17 +30 -21 MeV
Slide 11
X2265 -> p+ population ~ 100% in p + p -> X + K + q = 1.6
GeV/c ~ 2% in + + d -> X + K + q = 0.3 GeV/c Indicating: X2265 =
dense K - pp DISTO 2010 E27 2014
Slide 12
* Impacts of the observed K - pp: Enormous cross section of p +
p -> K - pp + K + Low cross section at d( ,K + ) dense system
Binding energy by a factor of 2 larger than theory indicates 20%
enhanced Kbar-N attraction suggesting chiral symmetry restoration;
increasing attraction, densities Hadronic phase to quark-gluon
phase !?
Slide 13
Maeda et al., Proc. Jpn. Acad. B (2013) 418-437
Faddeev-Yakubovsky Global View KbarN --> attraction strength
DISTO + J-PARC E27 K - pp: 0 ~ 3 indicated
Slide 14
K bar Nuclear Clusters av ~ 3 0 !! Why high-density nuclei
possible ? Against the nuclear physics law of = const. Normally:
N-N hard-core: quark Pauli blocking + gluon entanglement
Exceptional: K - = s u bar : no u,d quark: no Pauli repulsion;
strong attraction in u-u bar and d-d bar r N ~ 0.86 fm v N ~ 2.75
fm 3 N = 1/v N ~ 0.36 fm -3 ~ 2.1 0
Slide 15
Isovector N: increased repulsion A GSI experiment confirmed in
pionic 1s states in Sn I=0 KbarN: increased attraction shrinkage
more attraction more schrinkage For -> 3 0, Chiral symmetry
restored, Brown, Kubodera, Rho PLB (1987) Clearing of the QCD
vacuum Quark condensate decreased
Slide 16
T. Yamazaki, S. Hirenzaki, R.S. Hayano & H. Toki, Phys.
Rep. 514 (2012) 1 K. Suzuki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004)
072302 Isovector s-wave N scattering length, b 1 [m -1 ] Quark
condensate decreases by ~30% at 0. Deeply bound pion Evidence for
partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium
Slide 17
Now, in 2015, J-PARC E27 with DISTO
Slide 18
NEW EXPERIMENTAL PROPOSAL J-PARC (conceptual) K - K - pp IN
PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS Gateway toward Dense Kaon Condensed Matter
T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi, M. Hassanvand, Proc. Jpn. Acad. B 87, 362
(2011); Phys. Rev. C 84, 015207 (2011)
Slide 19
p + p -> * + * + K + + K + -> K - K - pp + K + + K +
Deeper bound state more favored M. Hassanvand et al., PRC 84 (2011)
015207
Slide 20
Dynamical formation of *=K - p clusters in K - K - pp *
condensed matter S. Maeda, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Proc. Jpn.
Acad. 89 (2014) 418 0.75 fm * - *
Slide 21
Multi K - Nuclei ~~ Multi *=pK - Nuclei * Migrating K - with
covalent bonding many-body forces: attractive * K - K - interaction
bosonic commutation Boson covalent bonds are always added ! * K - K
- repulsion dynamically diminished
Slide 22
p K - pp ** K+K+ p p K - K - pp ** K+K+ ** p K+K+ Several GeV
Short collision length Compact bound state Doorways to Multi-Kaonic
Nuclear Matter T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi & M. Hassanvand, Proc.
Jpn. Acad. B 87 (2011) 362
Slide 23
* complex: K - strangelet
Slide 24
New data M(d ) in HI @GSI N. Herrmann, BORMIO2012
Slide 25
K - nuclear clusters Cold, dense & microscopic nuclear
systems New Paradigm quark-gluon ground state chiral symmetry
restoration? quark-gluon phase? exotic nuclear dynamics, strange
matter/star, kaon condensation, Without the aid of gravity K.
Fukushima, T. Hatsuda, Rep. Prog. Phys. 74 (2011)
Slide 26
Farewell to Erich Last time I reported all my excitements on
KAON to Erich, when he visited us in Tokyo, we resonated on the
same excitement. Farewell to Erich, I thank you deeply for your
helps to us to explore and establish strong international
collaborations (not only myself, but also my colleagues in Japan).
Erichs most important legacy to us: his enthusiasm, passion,
stimulation toward cultivation of young human generation that has
produced scientific developments
Slide 27
Beautiful BC DR KAON
Slide 28
HIHR: Very Precise spectroscopy with high-resolution and
high-intensity secondary beams Extensi on Hypernucleus Microscope
Multi-Strangeness / Charmed Nucleus High-p: Origin of the QCD mass
and quark structure of baryons KL: Measurement of 100 CP violating
events to tackle a quest on the matterdominated universe Discovery
of Lepton Flavor Violation K10: Nuclear matter with an extreme
condition with high-momentum separated secondary beams (Kaons and
Antiprotons) Change of Hadron Mass Both Nuclear Physics community
and High Energy Physics community gave high priority to this
project. COMET: Search for -e conversion with the world-best
precision of less than 10 -16 CP Violation: from Discovery to
Measurement K1.1, 1.8: Ultimate research of S=-1 and -2 hypernuclei
with high- intensity Kaon beams Hypernucleus Factory (S=-1, -2)
J-PARC Next Step: Hadron Hall Extension International users &
collaborations highly welcome
Slide 29
Thank you very much
Slide 30
No repulsion effect among K - s K - K - distance distribution r
rms (KK) ~ 2.0 fm in K - K - p ~ 1.0 fm in K - K - pp dense K - K -
dynamically formed r rms (NN) ~1.0 fm in K - K - pp S. Maeda et al.
(2013)
Slide 31
Does K - K - repulsion diminish Kaon Condensation? No !!
Contrary to prevailing belief T. Y. et al., PJAB 87 (2011);
Hassanvand et al., PRC 84 (2011) Maeda et al., PJAB 89 (2013)
Why not pp -> * + * + K + + K + sticking I to K - K - pp ?!
Abundant production of *= K - p in pp -> p * K + ~ 1/10 of K -
pp ~ * p K - K - pp ~ * * p sticking DISTO proved
Slide 33
* * model for K - K - pp D [fm] [MeV] EFEF TFTF UFUF If K - is
assumed to be a Fermion: Fermion covalent bonds cancel each other.
Boson covalent bonds are always added ! D ** ** K-K- K-K- E U V KK
T