Download - TOPICS (Environment Issues-I)notes.iasscore.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Paper-III-Index.pdf– Mangroves in India – Mangroves under threats ... Impact of British Rule on Indian

This booklet consist of the following topics:

Chapter 1: Biodiversity

Types of Biodiversity

• Genetic Diversity

• Species Diversity

• Ecosystem Diversity

• Functional Diversity

Value of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

• Direct and Indirect Use

– Example of Direct & Indirect Use Benefits

• Non-Use Benefits

– Example of Non-Use Benefits

– Biodiversity and Food Production

– Health

– Medicines From Nature

– Recreation and aesthetics

Issues in Valuing Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

• Habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss, and shrinking genetic diversity

• Introduction of Exotic Species

• Climate Change and Desertification

• Impact of development projects

Biodiversity Conservation

• Legislation for conservation of biodiversity in India

• In-situ methods of conservation of biodiversity

– Protected area

– Biosphere reserves

– National parks

TOPICS(Environment Issues-I)

www.iasscore.in

– Wildlife sanctuaries

– Sacred forests and sacred lakes

• Ex-situ methods of conservation of biodiversity

– Botanic Gardens

– Translocations

– Artificial Insemination

– Somatic Cell Cloning

– Seed bank

– Reintroduction

• Species based programmes for conservation of biodiversity

– Project Tiger

– Project Elephant

– Gir Lion Project

– Crocodile Breeding Project

– Project Snow Leopard in India

• Role of Indigenous Knowledge in conserving biodiversity

• Role of Supreme Court in conservation of biodiversity

• Role of public participation in conservation of biodiversity

• Role of research & technology for biodiversity conservation

• Role of international Conventions in Biodiversity Conservation

Lacunas in Implementation of Policies

Chapter 2: Extinction of Species

Characteristics of Threatened/Endangered Species

Reasons for Extinction

About IUCN red list

Consequences of extinction of species

Conservation strategies

Chapter 3: Sand Mining And Its Impact

Sand Mining and Impact on Environment

Steps taken by GOI

Guidelines to control degradation given by Geographical survey of India

Chapter 4: Disposal of Untreated Sewage

Impact of disposal of untreated sewage

• Impact on Health

• Impact on freshwater ecosystem

• Impact on coastal waters

• Impact on groundwater resources

Sewage generation in India

Process of sewage treatment

• Primary treatment

• Secondary treatment

Factors that hinder wastewater treatment in India

Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems

Chapter 5: Land Filling

Concerns related to land filling process

• Leaching of toxins

– Primary Leaching

– Biodegradation of Complex Organic Molecules

– Chemical Reduction

– Washed out Fines and Colloids

• Atmospheric Effects

• Ground Water Pollution

• Impact on human health

Chapter 6: Groundwater Depletion

Why is there Groundwater?

Groundwater has some important characteristics in India

Groundwater depletion in India

Other Potential Threats to Groundwater

Groundwater Governance Framework in India

Steps need to be taken

Chapter 7: Degradation of Water Resource in Urban Areas

Brief data on water resources of India

Threats to urban bodies

Urban areas and Groundwater depletion

Urban lakes and wetlands depletion

River depletion

Steps need to be taken

Rainwater harvesting

Conclusion

Chapter 8: Marine Pollution

Consequences of Marine Pollution

Present status of pollution in coastal waters in India

Shipping-Related Threats to the Marine Environment

Aquaculture activities related pollution in India

Marine Environment Protection and Preservation

• Decrease flow of wastewater in oceans

• Steps for Coastal regulation in India

• Marine Pollution monitoring in India

• Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction Systems (COMAPS) Programme

• Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM)

• Role of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in marine pollution monitoring

• Programme for Monitoring Marine Pollution

• International Convention on Marine Pollution

Steps taken and Achievements related to marine conservation in India

Conclusion

Chapter 9: Coral Bleaching

Types of Reefs

Coral Reef Products

Causes of Coral Bleaching

Consequences of Coral Bleaching

Conservation of Coral Reef

Conclusion

Chapter 10: E-Waste Management And Handling

Environment Concerns and Health Hazards

Management of E-waste in Indian Context

E-waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011

Conclusion

Chapter 11: GM Food and Regulatory Mechanism In India

Benefits of GM Foods

Issues of Concern

Social and Ethical Concerns about GM Crops

Regulatory Mechanism for GM crops in India

Procedure for approval of GMOs

• Case study of GM crop trial in India

• Flaws in Indian regulatory framework

Recommendations of Standing Committee on Agriculture

Chapter 12: Rejuvenation of Ganga

Brief Introduction

Benefits of River Ganga

Facts about Ganga River pollution and its impact

Steps taken to rejuvenate river

• Issues faced by GAP

– Limitations in Design

– Limitations in Implementation

– Limitations in operations

– Limitations in Monitoring, Evaluation and Regulation

Nanami Ganga project and its analysis


Chapter 1: Pollution

Sources of Pollution

• Types of Pollution

– Atmospheric pollution

– Water Pollution

– Soil Pollution

– Noise Pollution

– Biological Pollution

– Radioactive Pollution

– Heavy Metal Pollution

Chapter 2: Waste Management

Solid Waste

Hazardous Waste

E-Waste

Bio Medical Waste

Plastic Waste

Methods for Waste Management

Effects of Poor Waste Disposal

Chapter 3: Land Degradation

Causes of Land Degradation

Impact of Land Degradation

Steps taken by GOI

Sustainable Land Management

TOPICS(Environmental Issues-II)

www.iasscore.in

Chapter 4: Wetlands and Coastal Ecosystem Management

Wetlands

• Wetlands in India

• Importance of wetlands

• Threats to wetland ecosystems

• Conservation of Wetlands

Coastal Ecosystem

• Mangroves

– Salient features of Mangroves:

– Importance of Mangroves

– Mangroves in India

– Mangroves under threats

– Legal and Regulatory Approaches for Protection

• Estuaries

– Importance of estuaries

– Threats to estuaries

• Coral Reefs

– Geographical Conditions Required

– Uses of coral reefs

– Conservation of coral reef

• Steps for Coastal Ecosystem Management

Chapter 5: Deforestation

Causes of Deforestation

Implications of Deforestation for Climate Change

Consequences of Deforestation on the Wildlife of India

Impact of Deforestation on Indian Monsoon

Impact of Deforestation on People

Deforestation Leads to Water and Soil Resources Loss and Flooding

Economical Impacts

Strategies for Reducing Deforestation

Government Programmes for Conservation of Forests

Legislations for Conservation of Forests using People Participation

Steps for Improving People Participation in Forest Resource Management

Use of Local Traditional Methods

Recent Steps Taken by the Government

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Mining and Its Impact on Environment

Mining and Environment

Sensitivity of Select Ecosystems to Mining

Impact of Mining

Indirect Impact of Mining

International Laws on Mining

Main Act or Statue to regulate the impact of Indian Mining Sector

Sustainable mining

Chapter 7: Impact of Agriculture on Environment

Introduction

Agriculture increases Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Monoculture practice impacts biodiversity

Pollution due to use of chemical fertilizers

Soil-related effects

Fertilizer's Effect on the Environment

Impact of livestock on environment

Impact of use of Pesticides on environment

Impact of GM crop on environment

Emission of Methane from agricultural practices

Case Study

Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable Agriculture Techniques

Chapter 8: Climate Change

Causes for Climatic Change

Impact of Climate Change

Steps Taken by India to Mitigate the Climate Change

International Collaboration for Mitigating Climate Change

Climate Change Finance

Climate Change Debate Between Developed and Developing Nations

Conclusion

Chapter 9: Environment Impact Assessment

Brief History of EIA in India

EIA Process in India

Environmental Appraisal Process

Drawbacks in EIA process in India

Recommendations for improvement

Chapter 10: Ecologically Sensitive Area

Why has concept of ESA Generated?

Criteria for demarcating ESAs

Threats faced by ESAs

MOEF Guidelines for Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) around Protected Areas

Some examples of proposed ESAs in India:

Chapter 11: Environmental Governance in India & Issues Related To It

Constitutional Provisions Related to Environment

Environmental Legislations

Environment Related Institutions and Organizations

Pollution Control Board: Analysis

National Green Tribunal: Analysis

National Board for Wildlife: Analysis


Introduction

Law of Demand

Law of Supply

Market Equilibrium

Basic Market Structures

Concept of Elasticity

Mobilization of Resources

TOPICS(Economy Basics)

www.iasscore.in


Indian Economy in Pre-independence Period

Theory of Drain

Impact of British Rule on Indian Economy

• Agricultural Stagnation

• Poverty and Famines

• Deindustrialization

• Demography

Economy of Eve of Independence

• Challenges

• Features

Post-Independence India

• Issues

• Agriculture and its development so far

• Agricultural Terms

• Industry

• Services

Phases of Economic Development in India

• Nehruvian Socialist Economy

• Economic Reforms

National Income trends since Independence

Inflation Trends since independence

Taxation Trends since independence

Agricultural Growth Trends since independence

Industrial Development Trends since Independence

Features of Indian Economy

Planning

• Objectives

• Technical details

• Planning History

• Analysis of each plan

TOPICS(Overview of Indian Economy)

www.iasscore.in


Taxation: An Overview

• Direct tax

• Indirect tax

Principles of Taxation

Objectives of Taxation

Taxation for Mobilization of Resources

Tax System in India

• Types of Taxes in India

• Present Tax regime in India

Subsidies

• Agricultural subsidies

• Fertilizer Subsidy

• PDS

• Export Subsidies

• Petroleum Subsidies

• Food Security Bill

Direct Cash Transfers

TOPICS(Taxation in India)

www.iasscore.in


Overview

Classification

• Financial Institutions

• Financial Markets

• Financial Instruments

• Financial Services

Financial Sector in India

Banking

Financial Inclusion

Money Market Instruments

Monetary and Liquidity Aggregates

Capital Markets in India

• Gilt-edged market

• Stock Exchanges

• Concepts in Capital Markets

Financial Regulation

• RBI

• SEBI

Reforms in Financial Sector

• FSLRC

• Narsimham - 1

• Narsimham - 2

• Raghuram Rajan Committee

TOPICS(Financial Sector)

www.iasscore.in


Measures of Investment

Capital and investment

Factors affecting investment

Classification of Investment

• FDI

• Angel Investors and Start-ups

• M&A

Investment Models

Role of State

PPP (Public-Private Partnership)

Savings and Investment Trends

TOPICS(Investment)

www.iasscore.in


Impact of liberalization

Contemporary Employment Trends

Policy and Strategy for Employment Generation

Employment generation and Growth Programs

Manufacturing for Employment

Unemployment in India

Labour Reforms

Skill Development

TOPICS(Labour and Employment)

www.iasscore.in


Monetary Policy in India

• Objectives

• Instruments

• Monetary policy in pre-reform Era (1948 - 1991)

• Monetary Policy in Post-Reform Era (Since - 1991)

• Urjit Patel Committee Report

• Monetary Policy Committee and Inflation Targeting

TOPICS(Monetary Policy)

www.iasscore.in


Industrial Policy in India

• Industrial development since independence

• Public sector since independence

• Sectoral Development

• Private sector since independence

• Industrial policy since independence

• Conclusion

Small Scale Industry

• Introduction

• Small Scale: Rumors and Reality

• Government Policy

• Major Hundles faced by SSI

Make In India

• Problems faced by manufacturing sector

• Proposed benefits of Make in India

• Hurdles for 'Make in India'

• Challenges

• Analysis

TOPICS(Industry)

www.iasscore.in


Fiscal Policy: An Overview

• Objectives of Fiscal Policy

• Types of Fiscal Policy

• Tools of Fiscal Policy

• Role of Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries

Fiscal Policy in India

• Evolution of Indian fiscal policy till 1991

• Liberalization, growth, inclusion and fiscal consolidation (1991-2008)

• Achievements of fiscal policy in India

• Limitations of Fiscal Policy

• Major Challenges for Fiscal Policy in India

• Conclusion

Annexure: Important Budgetary Terms and Fiscal Concepts

• Government Revenues & Spending

• Deficits

• Taxation

• Balance Sheet

TOPICS(Fiscal Policy)

www.iasscore.in

Budget 2016-17

INDEX

1. Agriculture and farmers' welfare

2. Rural Sector

3. Social Sector Including Health Care

4. Education, Skills and Job Creation

5. Infrastructure and Investment

6. Financial Sector Reforms

7. Governance and Ease of Doing Business

8. Fiscal Discipline

9. Tax Reforms

Economic Survey (2015-2016)

INDEX1. Economic Outlook, Prospects and Policy challenges

2. The Chakravyuha Challenge of the Indian Economy

3. Agriculture: More from Less

4. Fiscal Capacity for the 21st Century

5. Subsidies

6. Preferential Trade Agreements

7. Structural Changes in India's Labour Markets

8. Powering "One India"

9. State of the Economy: An overview

10. Public Finance

11. Monetary Management and Financial Intermediation

12. External Sector

13. Prices, Agriculture and Food Management

14. Industrial, Corporate and Infrastructure Performance

15. Social Infrastructure, Employment and Human Development


Introduction

Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy

Land Reforms

• Objectives of Land Reforms in India

• Progress of Land Reforms in India

• Progress of Ceiling Legislation

New Agricultural Strategy

• Achievements of the New Agricultural Strategy

• Weaknesses of New Strategy

TOPICS(AGRICULTURE: AN OVERVIEW)

www.iasscore.in


Agriculture Finance

Introduction

Features of Agricultural Finance

Criteria for Agricultural Credit

Need for Agricultural Finance

Sources of Agricultural Finance

Measures taken to improve credit flow to agriculture

Problems of Agricultural Finance

Co-operative Credit Societies in India

Suggestions For Improvement

Agricultural Credit Institutions

Introduction

Commercial Bank

Lead Bank Scheme

Multi Agency Approach

Regional Rural Banks

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

Reserve Bank of India

Kisan Credit Card Scheme

Self Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme

Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)

Government Policy For Agricultural Credit

Farmers Service Societies (FSS)

Conclusion

TOPICS(AGRICULTURE FINANCE

& INSURANCE)

www.iasscore.in

Crop Insurance in India

Introduction

Historical Background

Issues Related to Crop Insurance

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

Comparison with Earlier Crop Insurance Schemes

Challenges

Conclusion


Agriculture Marketing

Introduction

Process of Agricultural Marketing in India

Structure of Agricultural Marketing in India

Importance of Proper Agriculture Marketing

Government Measures to Improve Agricultural Marketing in India

Suggested Measures

Conclusion

Analysis of APMC

Introduction

Importance of Proper Agriculture Marketing

Present Agriculture Marketing System in India

Issues Related to APMC

Role of APMC act in Raising Food Inflation

Model Act of APMC

Importance of APMCs and Reforms Needed

Emerging Alternative Marketing Models

Food Corporation of India (FCI)

Introduction

Functions

Performance Evaluation of FCI

Providing Effective Price Support to Farmers

Food Storage

Shanta Kumar Committee

TOPICS(AGRICULTURAL MARKETING)

www.iasscore.in


Resource Management in Agriculture

Introduction

Land

Land-leasing

Soil

Labour

Capital

Agricultural Productivity

Agricultural Revolutions in India

Introduction

Green Revolution

White Revolution - Operation Flood

Yellow Revolution

Blue Revolution

Golden Fiber Revolution: Jute

Golden Revolution

TOPICS(RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INAGRICULTURE REVOLUTIONS)

www.iasscore.in


Introduction

Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable Agriculture Development

Small Farms are more Efficient than Large Farms

TOPICS(SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE)

www.iasscore.in


Overview

Processed Foods Scenario with respect to Specific Sectors

Policy Initiatives

Spice Board India

Foreign Direct Investment

Infrastructure Development in Food Processing Sector

Sector-specific government policies

Government Initiatives

Issues in Food Processing Sector

Way Ahead

FDI Policy in Food Processing

Notable Trends in the Indian Food Processing Sector

Other Provisions

Strategies Adopted in Budget

New foreign and domestic investment in FPI-2016

Growth Factors in food and processing industry

TOPICS(FOOD PROCESSING)

www.iasscore.in


Internal Security Management: Challenges And Policy Options

Concept

Naxal/ Maoist insurgency

Analysis of internal security policies

Centre-State Synergy

Operational Synergy among Civil and Military Forces

Synergy in Law Enforcement, Legal and Judicial Systems

Proposed measures for internal security management

Conclusion

India's Internal Security Compulsions

Introduction

Effect on India's internal security due to its neighbours

Effect on India's internal security due to internal factors

Prospects of India's internal security

Role of State and Non-State Actors

Introduction

External factors

Types of non-state actors and their role

Approaches to improve civilian protection

Global indices and measurement of vulnerability of a state towards non-state actors

India's case relationship between state and non-state actors

Challenges from within to security

An essay on India's internal security: K. Subrahmanyam

TOPICS(Internal Security

Challenges & Prospects)

www.iasscore.in

Terrorism Threat to India

Introduction

Changing face of Terrorism

Terror Threats Faced by India

Drawbacks in Intelligence Infrastructure

Broader Framework to Deal with Terrorism

Why India needs a Counter Terrorism Institution?

What are the issues in Present Set Up?

Required Changes in NCTC

APPENDIX - ANTI-TERROR LEGISLATIONS

Organized Crime

Introduction

Types of Organized Crime

Problems in controlling organized crimes

Combating organized crimes

Linkage of Terrorism and Organized Crime in India

Linkages Between Development and Spread of Extremism

Introduction

Social Iniquity and Exploitation

Features of Naxalite Movement

Development and extremism: Impact of Naxalism

Negative Impacts of the Naxal Movement and Security Forces

State Response for Tackling Naxalism

The Laws Made by the Government

Are these laws effective?

Which Approach is Better?

Conclusion


Assam

Introduction

History

• Key Events

• Impact of Cross-Border Migration from Bangladesh

• Bodo-Muslim Violence in Assam

• Breakthrough Achieved and Efforts made so far

New Options

Jammu and Kashmir

Introduction

Brief History of Kashmir post-British Rule

• Important Historical Events

• Division within Kashmir

Possible Solutions

• Other Options

Manipur

Introduction

The Wayout

New Options

The Naga Conflict

Introduction

History

The Naga Conflict

Nagaland Peace Accord

Options

TOPICS(Insurgency in India)

www.iasscore.in


Police Reforms in India

Introduction

The Organisational Structure

Duties and Responsibilities of the Police

Centre’s Role in Policing

Issues in the Police Organization in India and Recommendations

Recommendations

• National Police Commission

• Other Committees

• The Supreme Court directives

• Second ARC Recommendations

The Indian Police in the Twenty-First Century

Introduction

Challenges and Response

Realization from Retrospect

Crime Challenges of the Coming Century

Challenge of Rising Public Expectations

Challenge of Organizational Reforms

Challenge of Augmenting Resource Availability

Challenge of Professionalizing the Police

Challenge of Insulating Police from Political Interference

The Kind of Police We Want

Perspective Planning for Future Policing

Modernizing the Police Management

TOPICS(Security Forces in India)

www.iasscore.in

Various Security Forces and Agencies and their mandate

Introduction

ITBP

• The 'Himveers' and National Security

• Multifarious Facets of the Force

• Functions and Tasks

• Ecology, Disaster Management and other Information

Assam Rifles

• The Assam Rifles: 179 Years of Glory and Sacrifice

SSB

• Organization

Border Security Force (BSF)

• Task of the BSF

• ETHOS

CISF (Central Industrial Security Force)

CRPF

• Role and Functions of the CRPF

• Broad Gamut of Duties Performed by the CRPF is

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

• Widening Role

National Security Guard (NSG)

• Aim

Intelligence Bureau (IB)

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)

• Background: 1933 - 1968

National Investigating Agency

Strategic Forces Command out of RTI Ambit

Introduction

What is Nuclear Command Authority and Strategic Forces Command?

What is RTI Act, 2005 and its objectives?

Exceptions to RTI/Related Sections of the RTI Act 2005

Implication of removing SFC


Challenges of Cross Border Terrorism for India

Introduction

Challenges to Border Management

Issues faced in Border management

India’s Counter-Terrorism Set-Up

Government Response

Options for India

Community Participation for Border Management

• Integrating Local Population in Border Management

• Recommendations to Improve the Community Participation in Border Management

Conclusion

TOPICS(Security Challenges in

Border Areas)

www.iasscore.in


CYBER SECURITY

What is Cyber Crime

Commom computer related crimes

Why cyber crimes increasing?

Computer Security Mechanism

Conclusion

CYBER WARFARE

Introduction

Factors contributing/aggravating rise of cyber attack

Recent initiatives for tackling cyber warfare

Way ahead

THE NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY POLICY OF INDIA 2013

Objectives

Implementing the Cybersecurity Policy

Public Private Partnership in Cybersecurity

Assessment

National and International Interactions

SOCIAL MEDIA AND INTERNAL SECURITY THREAT

Introduction

Social Media & Inter Security Linkage

Regulation of social media

Challenges in Monitoring

Conclusion

TOPICSCyber Security in India

www.iasscore.in