8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
1/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
2/66
Digital Kamera/konvensional
Elemen-elemen penting yang patut andapelajari
1. Teknik memokus2. Shutter Speed (kelajuan bukatup)3. Aperture4. IS0
5. Kombinasi Shutter Speed dan Aperture6. Dedahan (Exposure) dan Pengukurandedahan
7. Program/TV/AV
8. Lensa dan sudut pandangan (angle of View)
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
3/66
Bagaimana kamera berfungsi
Arah cahaya
View Fiunder
Light sensor
Sutter Blade
Pentaprism
Kedudukan
Filem atauCCD.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
4/66
Mode dial- kawalan sepenuhnya sesebuah kamera
Mengandungi kawalan
Program Yang dikawaloleh kamera
Auto2. Portrait3. Landscape4. Close Up
5. Sports
Exposure Modes (mode dedahan) Manual - Kawalan sepenuhnya oleh Jurugambar Program Kawalan sepenuhya oleh kamera Shutter Priority (TV) Kawalan shutter oleh Jurugambar Aperture Priority(AV) Kawalan Aperture oleh Jurugambar
Gambar kecil-LCD panel
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
5/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
6/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
7/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
8/66
Shutter Speed
Merupakan kelajuan bukaan tingkap (shutter blade)mengikutKaedah pengukuran masa
Tugasan shutter
Memberhentikan subjek yang bergerak dalam gambar. Mengimbangi aperture bagi mendapatkan kesan dedahan
normal.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
9/66
Bukaan shutter speed
B Stop (bulb) - Tingkap terbuka apabila butang penekanshutter di tekan sesuai untuk penggambaran
waktu malam.
Bacaan Kaedah masa Hasil Gambar1 - 1/1 Saat Slow Speed Shutter2 - 1/2 Saat Gambar menunjukkan kesan4 - 1/4 Saat Pergerakan subjek8 - 1/8 Saat15 - 1/15 Saat Merakam gambar dalam situasi30 - 1/30 Saat yang kurang cahaya seperti dlm60 - 1/60 Saat bangunan dan sebagainya
125 - 1/125 Normal Speed Shutter
250 - 1/250 saat High Speed Shutter500 - 1/500 saat Gambar menunjukkan1,000 - 1/1,000 saat memberhentikan pergerakan2,000 - 1/2000 saat (rakam gambar sukan)
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
10/66
High speed shutter
Normal speed shutter
Slow speed Shutter
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
11/66
Contoh gambar kesan kelajuan shutter speed
Slow speed Shutter1/10 saat
Kelajuan Shutter 1/4000 saat
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
12/66
8 250
40002000
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
13/66
Kelajuan Shutter1/30 saat
Kelajuan Shutter1/15 saat
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
14/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
15/66
ApertureLubang Aperture pada Lens yang berperanan mengawal
kemasukan cahaya Mengikut kaedah kuantiti
Tugas Aperture
Kawalan Dept Of Field (jarak Fokas) Mengimbangi Shutter Speed bagi mendapatkan gambar normal.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
16/66
Bacaan Aperture (Focal)
F1 Lubang Aperture paling besarF1.4F1.8 Semakin besar no aperture semakin
kecil saizF2 Lubang Aperture
F2.8F4 Semakin besar lubang Aperture
semakinF5.6 semakin banyak cahaya masuk
F8F11F16F22F32 Lubang Aperture paling kecil
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
17/66
Contoh lubang Aperture
Semakin besar lubang Aperture semakin banyak cahaya masukdalam Kamera
Semakin besar lubang Aperture semakin sempit jarak fokus
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
18/66
Dedahan/Exposure
Cahaya yang dihasilkan melalui kombinasi shutter speeddan aperture mengikut Keperluan tindakbalas ISO
Pengukuran dedahan
Dalam Kamera - Meter cahaya pada pemidang tilikLuar kamera - Menggunakan Exposure meter
Teknik Pengukurandiukur oleh kamera melalui
pemidang
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
19/66
Hasil dedahan
Dedahan Under - Kurang cahaya/gelap
2. Dedahan Normal - Cahaya seimbang(gambar cantik)
hasil dari kombinasi seimbangantara shutter speed dan Aperture
memenuhi keperluan kepekaanfilem
3. Dedahan Over - Lebih cahaya (gambar putih pucatdan kurang Menarik
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
20/66
Hasil Exposure
OverLebih cahaya
NormalCahaya mencukupi
UnderKurang cahaya
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
21/66
Kombinasi Shutter Speed dan Aperture
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
22/66
Shutter speed 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1,000
Aperture F1 f1.2 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32
Iso 100 (mengikut kadar cahaya panas terik)
Shutter speed 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1,000
Iso 100 (Kadar cahaya mendung)
Aperture F1 f1.2 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
23/66
Kesan dedahan Rakaman secara braketing (Iso 200 )
Normal 125/ f8 Over 60/F8
Over 30/f8 0ver 15/f8 Over 8/f8
Under 2,000/f8 Under 1,000/f8 Under 500/f8
Under 250/f8
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
24/66
Kesesuaian penggunaan lensa
Gambar potret
Pemandangan/lanskap
Group photo
Sukan
Mengambil gambar di ruangan biliksempit
Gambar jarak dekat (close up)seperti bunga, serengga dll
Telephoto 85/100/135mm
Wide angle 35mm/28mm
Wide angle 35 mm
Zoom lens telephoto
Wide angel lens 35mm atau
Zomm lens wide angle.
Micro lens
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
25/66
Kesan DOF
Sempit : Lubang Aperture - Semakin BesarFokus - DekatLensa - Telephoto
Luas : Lubang Aperture - KecilFokus - JauhLensa - Wide Angle
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
26/66
TRIPOD
Fungsi tripod yangterutama adalah untukmenyangga kamerasehingga foto/video tidakkabur. Fungsi ini banyak
digantikan oleh fungsiimage stabilization (IS)kamera atau lensa danjuga perkembangan
kamera digital yangmampu memproduksi fotoyang relatif bersih meskidalam setting ISO tinggiatau di tempat yang
kurang cahaya
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
27/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
28/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
29/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
30/66
Contoh gambarDept Of Field
Subjek Jelas
Latar belakang Jelas
(dlm ruangan DOF)
Aparture???
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
31/66
Komposisi
dan sudut
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
32/66
Composition is the art of creating images that tellthe story the photographer intended. (Randy, RGDigital Photography Tips)
Composition means arrangement: the orderlyputting together of parts to make a unified whole;composition through a personal, intuitive act.
DEFINITION
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
33/66
Environmental portraits can oftenleave the viewer wondering if theimage is about the environment, orthe person(s) in the portrait. To
emphasize my portrait subject in thisimage I employed the Rule of Thirdsto focus the viewers attention onAndy, and not the surroundingwoods.The Rule of Thirds states that
important information in thephotograph should fall on the linesand intersections created by dividingthe frame horizontally and verticallyinto thirds.If you imagine two lines drawnvertically to split the frame into thirdsyou will see that my subject isstanding a third of the way into theframe. If you then draw twohorizontal lines to divide the imageinto thirds from top to bottom, youwill see the subjects head is located
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
34/66
This next image is anexample of using a LeadingLine to direct the viewersattention through thephotograph. The leading linein this image is obvious,although there are a coupleof notes I would like you toobserve.First, the railing enters the
image from the left at adifferent angle from the restof the path. Notice how thispart of the railing is locatedbased on the Rule of Thirds.Had I not included this part
of the railing a viewers eyewould be led through theimage just the same.However, there would be novisible anchor to bring theeye back into the frame.
The left side of the imageserves as an anchor to bring
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
35/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
36/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
37/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
38/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
39/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
40/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
41/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
42/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
43/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
44/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
45/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
46/66
RULESOFTHIRD
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
47/66
RULEOFTHIRDImagine that your image is divided into 9 equal segments by 2 vertical and 2
horizontal lines. The rule of thirdssays that you should position the mostimportant elements in your scene along these lines, or at the points wherethey intersect.
Doing so will add balance and interest to your photo. Some cameras evenoffer an option to superimpose a rule of thirds grid over the LCD screen,making it even easier to use
http://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/rule-of-thirdshttp://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/rule-of-thirds8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
48/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
49/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
50/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
51/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
52/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
53/66
BALANCINGELEMENTS
Placing your main subject off-centre, as with the rule ofthirds, creates a more interesting photo, but it can leave avoid in the scene which can make it feel empty. You shouldbalance the "weight" of your subject by including anotherobject of lesser importance to fill the space.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
54/66
LEADINGLINES
When we look at a photo our eye is naturally drawn along lines. Bythinking about how you place lines in your composition, you can affectthe way we view the image, pulling us into the picture, towards thesubject, or on a journey "through" the scene. There are manydifferent types of line - straight, diagonal, curvy, zigzag, radial etc -and each can be used to enhance our photo's composition.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
55/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
56/66
SYMMETRYANDPATTERNS
We are surrounded by symmetry and patterns, both natural andman-made., They can make for very eye-catching compositions,particularly in situations where they are not expected. Another greatway to use them is to break the symmetry or pattern in some way,introducing tension and a focal point to the scene.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
57/66
VIEWPOINTBefore photographing your subject, take time to think about where you will
shoot it from. Our viewpoint has a massive impact on the composition of ourphoto, and as a result it can greatly affect the message that the shotconveys. Rather than just shooting from eye level, consider photographingfrom high above, down at ground level, from the side, from the back, from along way away, from very close up, and so on.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
58/66
BACKGROUND
How many times have you taken what you thought would be a great shot, only to find that the finalimage lacks impact because the subject blends into a busy background? The human eye is excellent atdistinguishing between different elements in a scene, whereas a camera has a tendency to flatten theforeground and background, and this can often ruin an otherwise great photo. Thankfully this problemis usually easy to overcome at the time of shooting - look around for a plain and unobtrusivebackground and compose your shot so that it doesn't distract or detract from the subject.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
59/66
DEPTHBecause photography is a two-dimensionalmedium, we have tochoose our composition carefully to conveys the sense of depth thatwas present in the actual scene. You can create depth in a photo by
including objects in the foreground, middle ground and background.Another useful composition technique is overlapping, where youdeliberately partially obscure one object with another. The humaneye naturally recognises these layers and mentally separates themout, creating an image with more depth.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
60/66
FRAMINGThe world is full of objects which make perfect natural frames, suchas trees, archways and holes. By placing these around the edge of
the composition you help to isolate the main subject from the outsideworld. The result is a more focused image which draws your eyenaturally to the main point of interest.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
61/66
CROPPING
Often a photo will lack impact because the main subject is sosmall it becomes lost among the clutter of its surroundings. Bycropping tight around the subject you eliminate thebackground "noise", ensuring the subject gets the viewer'sundivided attention.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
62/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
63/66
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
64/66
COMPOSITION
In photography is far from a science, and asa result all of the "rules" above should betaken with a pinch of salt. If they don't work
in your scene, ignore them; if you find agreat composition that contradicts them,then go ahead and shoot it anyway. Butthey can often prove to be spot on, and are
worth at least considering whenever you areout and about with your camera.
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
65/66
AMALI
Dalam kumpulan, pilih satu temafotografi yang anda suka, ambil 10keping gambar terbaik dan
bentangkan dalam kumpulan.Gunakan pilihan kompisisi (rule ofthird, DOF, panning image,framing
symmetry, balancing elements).
8/13/2019 Topic 7- Fotografi
66/66
SEKIAN TERIMA KASIH
Top Related