Tindale-Oliver &Associates, Inc.
National Impact Fee Roundtable
National Impact Fee Roundtable
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives – Fire Flow Methodology
Robert P. Wallace, P.E., AICPOctober 20-22, 2004
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
1. Methodology1. Methodology
2. Standards and Service Area2. Standards and Service Area
3. Basic Formula3. Basic Formula
4. Fee Schedule4. Fee Schedule
5. Pro’s and Con’s5. Pro’s and Con’s
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology MethodologyMethodology
Guide for Determination of Needed Fire FlowEdition 10-2001
Guide for Determination of Needed Fire FlowEdition 10-2001
545 Washington Blvd
Jersey City, New Jersey 07310-1686
(800) 888-4ISO (4476)
www.iso.com
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
A Look at Details Methodology
A Look at Details Methodology
Number of gallons of water needed per minute to effectively extinguish a fire
Definition of Fire FlowDefinition of Fire Flow
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
A Look at Details Methodology
A Look at Details Methodology
Land UsesResidential vs. Non-residentialResidential vs. Non-residential
0500
100015002000250030003500
Residential
Office/Institution
Retail
Industry
Fire Flow Gallons/ Minute
10,000 to 50,000 sq. ft. category
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology A Look at Details
Methodology(Needed Fire Flow (NFF))
A Look at Details Methodology
(Needed Fire Flow (NFF))
Where:
C = Construction Type Factor
O = Occupancy Type Factor
X = Exposure Factor Between Buildings
P = Communication Factor (Passageways)
NFF = (C)(O)(1+(X+P))NFF = (C)(O)(1+(X+P))
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Where:
C = Fire Flow for Construction Type Factor
F = Coefficient For Each Construction Class
A = Effective Floor Area of Building
C = (18)(F)(A)(0.5)C = (18)(F)(A)(0.5)
A Look at Details Methodology(Fire Flow for Construction Type
Factor)
A Look at Details Methodology(Fire Flow for Construction Type
Factor)
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Factors Considered in Service Delivery:
Distance Traveled
Coverage Area
Number of Homes in Coverage Area
A Look at Details Methodology
A Look at Details Methodology
Residential Land UsesResidential Land Uses
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Measured in Fire Flow
Several Factors Affect Calculation
Converted to Percent of Residential
A Look at Details Methodology
A Look at Details Methodology
Non - Residential Land UsesNon - Residential Land Uses
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Standards & Service AreaStandards & Service Area
• Response Distance (Travel Speed x Response Time Standard)
• Coverage Area (Square Miles)
• Density (Maximum Units in Coverage Area)
Service AreaService Area
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Standards & Service AreaStandards & Service Area
Response Time
Stations Per Population
StandardsStandards
4 Stations
3 to 6 minutes response
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Basic FormulaBasic Formula
Impact Fee = (Demand x Unit Cost) - (Credit)Impact Fee = (Demand x Unit Cost) - (Credit)
Impact Fee = (New Growth) - (New Revenue)Impact Fee = (New Growth) - (New Revenue)
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Basic FormulaBasic Formula
Land UseType of Const. Factor
AVG Floor Area
Base Fire Flow Need
Occupancy Factor
Expo-sure
Total Fire Flow Need
% of Single Family Home
SINGLE FAMILYSingle Family Unit
1.0 1,500 697 0.75 0.60 837 100%
INDUSTRYOver 100,000 sf
0.8 150,000 5,577 1.25 0.00 6,971 465%
OFFICE10,001-50,000 sf
0.8 30,000 2,494 0.75 0.05 1,964 100%
RETAIL10,001-50,000 sf
0.8 30,000 2,494 1.00 0.05 2,619 175%
INSTITUTION10,001-50,000 sf
0.8 30,000 2,494 0.75 0.05 1,964 100%
Non-Residential Fire Flow Demand as a Percent of Residential Demand
Non-Residential Fire Flow Demand as a Percent of Residential Demand
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Basic FormulaBasic Formula
Fire, Land, Facilities and Equipment
ResidentialLand Uses
ResidentialLand Uses
Base SystemCosts
Base SystemCosts
Non-ResidentialLand Uses
Non-ResidentialLand Uses
Expanded System Costs
Expanded System Costs
Capital CostsCapital Costs
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
LAND & IMPROVEMENTS
Capital ItemTotal
InventoryAverage per
StationCost Per
UnitCapital
Cost/Station
Land (Acres) 0.75 $80,000 $60,000
Utility Relocation 1 $20,000 $20,000
Drainage Improvement 1 $20,000 $20,000
Parking & Landscaping 20 $3,000 $60,000
Building (sq ft) 3 7500 $110 $825,000
A&E Inspection @ 15% 1 $138,750 $138,750
Total Land & Improvement Cost Per Station $1,123,750
Basic FormulaBasic Formula
EQUIPMENT
Capital ItemTotal
InventoryAverage per
StationCost Per
UnitCapital
Cost/Station
Ladder Truck 2 0.67 $585,000 $390,000
Brush/Tanker Truck 3 1.00 $75,000 $75,000
Pumper Truck 4 1.33 $275,000 $366,667
Quick Attach Pumper 3 1.00 $75,000 $75,000
Other Equipment 3 1.00 $50,000 $50,000
Total Equipment Cost Per Station $956,667
Total Equipment Cost Per Station $956,667
Total Land & Improvement Cost Per Station $1,123,750
Total Capital Cost Per Station $2,080,417
Total Base Station Cost (For Single Family Home) $1,690,417
Capital CostsCapital Costs
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Basic Formula Basic Formula
Fire Flow
(Gallons per minute)
Stations
Req’d and Other
Equipment
Quick Attack / Brush-Tanker
Truck Req’d
Pumper Tank Req
Ladder Truck Req’d
Total Cost
% of Residential
Unit (<1,500
GPM) Total Response
Cost
Less than 1,000 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.0 $1,690,417 100%
1,001 – 2,000 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.0 $1,690,417 100%
2,001 – 3,000 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.0 $2,736,350 162%
3,001 – 4,000 1.8 1.0 2.4 1.0 $3,506,100 207%
4,001 – 5,000 2.0 2.0 2.7 1.0 $3,964,000 234%
5,001 – 6,000 2.5 3.0 3.3 1.0 $4,883,750 289%
Over 6,000 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 $6,388,500 378%
AVG Unit Cost $1,173,760 $150,000 $275,000 $585,000
Capital Costs As A Percent of ResidentialCapital Costs As A Percent of Residential
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Considers Both:
o Actual Historical Expenditures
o Policy / CIP Planned Future Expenditures
Calculation Options:
o Average Unit Valuation by Land Use
o Per Capita Expenditure
Expressed as Present Value
Basic FormulaBasic Formula
Credit and RecoupmentCredit and Recoupment
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology
Fee ScheduleFee Schedule
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 OPTION 4
Response Time minutes 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Base Station Costs
dollars $1,690,417 $1,690,417 $1, 690,417 $1,690,417
LAND USE TYPE
Unit SqFt
RESIDENTIALSingle Family Dwelling 1500 $196 $110 $70 $49
INDUSTRIAL10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $290 $163 $104 $72
OFFICE10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $130 $73 $47 $33
RETAIL10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $228 $128 $82 $57
INSTITUTIONAL10,001-50,000 sf Building 1000 $130 $73 $47 $33
Based on Varying Response TimeBased on Varying Response Time
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Pro’s and Con’s of Fire FlowPro’s and Con’s of Fire Flow
PRO’sPRO’s CON’sCON’s
•ISO Standardized Formulas, Process
•Relates Demand to Cost
•Direct Relationship to Fire Services
Nexus Related to Other Services (EMS, Prevention, etc.) Not as Direct
Nexus Related to Other Services (EMS, Prevention, etc.) Not as Direct
Public Safety Impact Fees and Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers
National Impact Fee RoundtableNational Impact Fee RoundtablePublic Safety Impact Fees and
Alternatives Fire Flow Methodology October 20-22, 2004
Tindale-Oliver & Associates, Inc.Robert P. Wallace, P.E., AICP
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