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Thought Process …
To Co-ensiling Forage and
ByproductsProperly
Representing Purdue UniversityABE: Dennis Buckmaster
ANSC: Patrick Gunn, Scott Lake, Ron Lemenager, Shawn Donkin, Matt Claeys, Tamilee Nennich, Nicole SchmelzAGRY: Lori Snyder, Ricardo Paulo
Co-ensiled products for Wet DGS
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Outline
� Why� Terminology� Considerations� Examples� Our research methods
URL to get this presentation
WHY
Improve utilization (quantity and efficiency) of DGS by:
� Making long-term storage/delivery stability feasible in small and medium cattle feeding operations
� Enable utilization of other “marginal” feedstocks
� Capitalize on the moisture and chemical attributes of the DGS
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TERMINOLOGY
� DGS� Wet� Modified wet� Dry
� Co-ensiling� Re-co-ensiling
CONSIDERATIONS
� .� .� .� .� .� .
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CONSIDERATIONS
� Moisture� Density� Target nutrient profile� Particle size distribution (mixing)� Costs & benefits� 2 & 3 component blends
Forage Moisture Continuum
12% 20% 30% 40% 70%
Safe
for
hay
Apply
preservative
or dry
in-barn
Suitable for silage
Bunker
Tower
Baled
Silage
FIRE
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Basics of Silage Making
Oxygen consumed by respiration
Sugars used
Heat generated
Basics of Silage Making
Oxygen supply is depleted
Acid-producing bacteria begin growth
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Basics of Silage Making
No oxygen (anaerobic)
Bacteria produce acid, reducing pH
Bacteria die off after pH drops
Basics of Silage Making
pH is lowered
Microbial population is dead
Anaerobic conditions remain
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Fermentation (anaerobic process)
(sugar) + (bacteria) ���� (acid) + (carbon dioxide)+ (ammonia) + (hydrogen)
DGS profile (in round numbers)
� Moisture� Dry 10%� Modified wet 50% +/-� Wet 65% +/-
� CP 30%� NDF 40%� ADF 15%� Fat 10%
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D M Moisture DM Moisture DM Moisture DM Moisture DM Moisture
Ratio Interpolation Scale
Interpolate between vertical lines for blends of other proportions
Example line: 50% moisture distillers grain blended with 80% moisture grassa. 50:50 blend will be 65% moisture, 35% DM and is suitable for any silage structureb. 75(distillers):25(other) blend will be 57.5% moisture, 42.5% DM, too dry for a bunkerc. 25(distillers):75(other) blend will be 72.5% moisture, 27.5% DM, too wet for good silaged. 2:3 ratio blend will be about 67% moisture, 23% DM, upper end of bunker moisture range
80% --- 20%
90% --- 10%
25:75 blend50:50 blend75:25 blend
Other feedstuffDistillers Grain
20% --- 80%
30% --- 70%
40% --- 60%
20% --- 80%
30% --- 70%
40% --- 60%
50% --- 50%
60% --- 40%
70% --- 30%
90% --- 10%
20% --- 80%
30% --- 70%
40% --- 60%
50% --- 50%
60% --- 40%
70% --- 30%
80% --- 20%
50% --- 50%
60% --- 40%
70% --- 30%
80% --- 20% 80% --- 20%
90% --- 10%
70% --- 30%
80% --- 20%
90% --- 10%
20% --- 80%
30% --- 70%
40% --- 60%
50% --- 50%
60% --- 40%
1:3 1:1 3:1
90% --- 10%
20% --- 80%
30% --- 70%
40% --- 60%
50% --- 50%
60% --- 40%
70% --- 30%
Bunker recommendation
Tower & Bag recommendation
a
b
c
d
1:13:1 1:3
1:22:12:3
4:15:1 3:2 1:5
1:4
EXAMPLE 1
� Corn stalks� Modified wet distiller’s grains with solubles
� Moisture
� Nutrient profile� Crude Protein� Energy
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Direct-cut Grass
EXAMPLE 2
� Direct-cut grass� Modified wet distiller’s grains with solubles
� Moisture
� Nutrient profile� Crude protein� Energy� Rumen degradable protein
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EXAMPLE 3
� Direct-cut grass� Dried distiller’s grains with solubles
� Moisture
� Nutrient profile� Crude protein� Energy� Rumen degradable protein
EXAMPLE 4 … your “assignment”
� Corn stalks� Modified wet distiller’s grains with solubles� Soyhulls� Glycerol (liquid, but no water)
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Our Research Methods
� Lab Scale Silos� Hand packed� Light vacuum� Triple bag seal
� Ribbon mixer� 60 to 65% moisture� Varied proportions
Methods
� Farm Scale silos� TMR mixer� Bagged silage� Later used in nutrition
studies� Control (forage alone)
treatments also ensiled
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Methods
� Aerobic Stability� Insulated boxes� Datalogged
thermocouple readings
� Time to reach 2oC rise
Determining Ratios
� Moisture� Proportions� Calculations
Re-Co-ensiling Recipe HelperTIPS
INPUTS
Mo moisture of other feedstuff 0.645 decimal from sample dataMmdg moisture of modified wet distillers grain 0.51 decimal from sample dataMw moisture of water 1.00 decimal from sample dataWo weight of other feedstuff to use 375.0 lb set or use solver to determineWmdg weight of modified wet distillers grains to use 125.0 lb set or use solver to determineWw weight of water to use 0.0 lb set or use solver to determinetf target fraction of distillers grain in the blend (wet basis) 0.75 decimal user choicetm target moisture content of the blend 0.645 decimal user choicetb target batch size 500 lb user choice
INTERMEDIATE & OUTPUTWdmdg DM of distillers grain 61.3 lb DM =Wmdg*(1-Mmdg)Wdmo DM of other feedstuff 133.1 lb DM =Wo*(1-Mo)Wdmt DM total 194.4 lb DM =Wdmdg+WdmoWt total weight 500.0 lb =Wo+Wmdg+WwDMb DM concentration of the blend 0.39 decimal =Wdmt/WtMb Moisture content of the blend 0.611 decimal =1-DMbfdgdb fraction of DM from distillers grains 0.32 decimal =Wdmdg/Wdmtfdgwb fraction of wet weight from distillers grains 0.25 decimal =(Wmdg)/Wtbse batch size error 0.0 lb =tb-Wt
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Qualitative Observations
CONSIDERATIONS in REVIEW
� Moisture� Density� Target nutrient profile� Particle size distribution (mixing)� Costs & benefits� 2 & 3 component blends
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Thank you for your interest and attention.
Any questions?
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For a limited time only …
http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~dbuckmas/FMW9408/coensiling.pptx
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