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Workshop TutorialPolish Cytometry Society 1998

Analysis of flow cytometric data - data collection, principles of

gating and histogram analysis

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http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/educate

J.Paul Robinson, Ph.D.

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Data Analysis

•Data acquisition vs. data analysis

•Data analysis software

•Data display

•Establishing regions and gating

•Analysis methods that can change results

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Data Acquisition

• Each measurement from each detector is referred to as a “parameter” or “variable”

• Data are acquired as a “list” of the values for each “parameter” (variable) for each “event” (cell)

[RFM]

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Data Analysis SoftwareInstrument Software

Elite 4.0 CoulterBryte HS 2.0 Bio-RadLysis II Becton-Dickinson

Commercial SourcesWinList & Modfit LT Verity SoftwareListView & Multicycle Phoenix Software

Free Flow SoftwareWinMDI Web

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Pros & Cons of Free Flow Software

Advantages:•works with listmode files from many types of aquisition software•source code is available•many people use these packages•FREE!!!!!

Disadvantages:•little or no technical support•little or no documentation •often no tutorials•BUGS!!

Don’t forget to mention that the CDROM has all the free software on it!!!

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Flow Cytometer Computer Files

•Listmode files-correlated data file where each event is listed sequentially, parameter by parameter-large file size

•Histogram files uncorrelated data used for display only

•Flow cytometry standard (FCS 2.0) format used to save data use other software programs to analyze data

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Types of Listmode data

• Ungated Listmode

• Gated Listmode collection

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Data Acquisition - ListmodeEvent Param1

FSParam2SS

Param3FITC

Param4PE

1 50 100 80 90

2 55 110 150 95

3 110 60 80 30

[RFM]

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Listmode FileFILEVERSION;1.15BTRIEVE;7058418 IBA13-2 collected 6/27/95;28/6/1995;;2;1PARAM;LS1;400;LS2;600;FL1;460;FL2;400;FL3;300;WID;TIMGAIN;1;1;2;2;0THRES;0;10;0;5;0;5;1;11;0;5FLUIDIC;3;4;1;7.20FCM;357;2;2;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;1SUBTRACT;15;0AUTOCYCLE;1;0;0;0;0;0;0;-1;1;20000;7;0;1;0;1;0PCBUFFER;374000;1SERIAL;2ADBOARD;1;0;0;30;0PEAKAREA;0;0;0;0CALIBRATION;300;300;300;300;0;0;0;0MAINWINDOW;1PRINTHEADER; Flow cytometry Report;Win-Bryte software - Bryte-HS flow cytometerPRINTFOOTER; Purdue University Cytometry LaboratoriesPRINTSTATISTICS;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;20;15;1;8;12;5;0;0;5ROI;1;1;3;3;4;45;65;61;65;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;bird;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;;-1;-1;3;0;255;0;0ROI;2;1;3;3;0;121;41;141;41;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;human;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;;-1;-1;3;0;255;0;0ROI;7;3;5;1;0;0;18;24;63;52;48;16;2;0;2;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;;-1;-1;3;5;255;0;0ROIDATACYTO;7;20022;4845.7;98.7;0.0ROIDATAHIST;1;2.4;16712;52;53;4044.6;2.4;53;83.5;0.0ROIDATAHIST;2;2.2;1875;128;128;531.3;1.7;128;7.8;0.0HISTOGRAM;FALS;24;49;290;320;256;0;Count;1;1;0;0;0;255;0;255;0;0;0;0;0;255;1;1;C;0;1;1;1;S;0;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;1;1;1;255;0;255HISTOGRAM;SIDE-SCATTER;290;49;556;320;256;1;Count;1;1;0;0;0;255;0;255;0;0;0;0;0;255;1;1;C;0;1;1;1;S;0;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;1;1;1;255;0;255CYTOGRAM;LS1-LS2;24;320;290;591;64;1;0;1;1;0;0;0;255;0;255;0;0;0;0;0;0;1;1;O;0;1;0;0;S;0;6;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;6;-1;-1;1;0;1;0;A;B;C;D;1;1;255;0;0;32;32;0;255;0;255HISTOGRAM;FL2;290;320;556;591;256;3;Count;1;1;0;0;0;255;0;255;0;0;0;255;0;0;1;1;C;10;1;1;1;S;0;0;1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;0;7;-1;1;1;1;255;0;255CYTOGRAM;FL2-TIM;556;320;822;591;64;6;3;1;1;0;0;0;255;0;255;0;0;0;0;0;0;1;1;I;0;1;0;0;S;0;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;-1;1;0;1;0;A;B;C;D;1;1;255;0;0;32;32;0;255;0;255LISTDATA226;0;426;426;243;81;0412;225;8;426;426;239;0380;262;2;427;427;245;0578;348;0;412;412;239;0529;377;0;431;431;240;0420;203;0;438;438;243;0444;221;0;427;0;240;0383;215;0;421;421;238;0735;716;0;1027;1027;280;0499;228;0;431;431;239;0531;328;0;433;433;241;0520;218;0;423;423;243;0471;252;0;425;425;244;0652;298;0;441;441;240;0561;291;0;421;421;240;0608;307;0;415;415;241;0541;231;0;424;424;245;0

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Listmode data Analysis

226;0;426;426;243;81;0PARAM;LS1;400;LS2;600;FL1;460;FL2;400;FL3;300;WID;TIM

LS1 LS2 FL1 FL2 FL3 WID TIM

226 0 426 426 243 81 0

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One parameter frequency histogram

establish regions and calculate coefficient of variation (cv)establish regions and calculate coefficient of variation (cv)cv = stdev/mean of half peakcv = stdev/mean of half peak

# of events for# of events forparticular particular parameterparameter

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Establishing RegionsEstablishing Regions

•Establishing regions:-objective or subjective?-training/skill/practice

•Possible shapes: -rectangles-ellipses-free-hand-quadrants

•Statistics

R1

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GatingGating

•Real-time gating vs. software gatingReal-time gating vs. software gating•Establishing regionsEstablishing regions•Gating strategiesGating strategies•Quadrant analysisQuadrant analysis•Complex or Boolean gatesComplex or Boolean gates•Back gatingBack gating

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Real-Time vs. Software GatingReal-Time vs. Software Gating

Real-time or live gating:Real-time or live gating:-restrict the data that will be accepted by a -restrict the data that will be accepted by a computer (some characteristic must be metcomputer (some characteristic must be metbefore data is stored) (This is not encouraged)before data is stored) (This is not encouraged)

Software or analysis gating:Software or analysis gating:-excludes certain stored data from a -excludes certain stored data from a particular analysis procedureparticular analysis procedure

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Region 1 establishedRegion 1 established Gated on Region 1Gated on Region 1

Using GatesUsing Gates

log

PER1

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90 Degree Scatter0 200 400 600 800 1000

Forw

ard

Sca

tter

0 2

00 4

00 6

00 8

0010

00

8

15

20

30

40

50

100

200

1000

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Neutrophils

Side Scatter Projection

Forw

ard

Sca

tter P

roje

ctio

n

Light Scatter Gating

Scale

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log

PE Back gate

1P Fluorescence 2P Fluorescence2P Scatter

90 deg Scatter

FA

LS

Sca

tter

Forward gate

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Quadrant Analysis

• The Square Cell Principle

• Is It necessary?

• Why is it used?

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Quadrant AnalysisQuadrant Analysis

log

PE

(+ +)( - +)

(+ -)(- -)

Log FITC (525 nm)

Log

PE

(57

5 +

/ - 2

0 nm

) 12

3 4

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Complex or Boolean GatingWith two overlapping regions, several options are available:

R1 R2

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Boolean GatingNot Region 2:

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Boolean GatingRegion 1 or Region 2:

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Boolean Gating

Region 1 and Region 2:

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Not (Region1 and Region 2):

Boolean Gating

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Back Gating

Region 4 established Backgating using Region 4

log

PE

Back gate

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Drawing Regions: Sample PreparationDrawing Regions: Sample PreparationSample QualitySample Quality

B.subtilisB.subtilis spores spores B.subtilis B.subtilis veg. + spores veg. + spores

Debris

Spores Spores

Debris

Vegetative

loglog

log

log

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FITC+PE+

FITC+APC+

PE +APC+

Multi Parameter Data Display

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Methods that can change results:

1. Doublet discrimination

2. Time as a quality control parameter

Example: DNA content-need to eliminate debris & clumps-need to gate out doublets-maintain constant flow rate

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Pea

k F

luor

esce

nce

Pea

k F

luor

esce

nce

Integral FluorescenceIntegral Fluorescence

Doublet DiscriminationDoublet Discrimination

- selection at the time of collection- selection at the time of collection- 1:1 ratio- 1:1 ratio

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A

B

Time as a quality Control Parameter “blockage”

data can be removed by gating the time histogram.

Abnormal histogram caused by turbulence (not biological variation)

Normalized histogram after subtraction of list mdoe data collected during the blockage shown at B on right.

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Conclusion

This workshop has discussed the following ideas:

1. Nature of data

2. Analysis software and techniques

3. Gating and region definition

4. Forward and Back gating

5. Boolean operators on flow data

6. Quality control systems