The Vision of Vehicle The Vision of Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII)Infrastructure Integration (VII)
Ralph L. RobinsonITS Integration Office
September, 2007
Cooperative Highways
MOBILITYSignal Control Traveler InformationCongestion Information
SAFETY Collision Avoidance Emergency AlertsWeather Conditions
The Driving Forces
42,000 People Die Every Year on Our RoadwaysLeading Cause of Death Between Ages 4 – 3350% of the Deaths Occur from Intersection Collision and Roadway Departure
Traffic Crashes Cost the Economy $230 B/YrTraffic Congestion Costs Americans $78 B/YrCongestion Wastes Billions of Gallons of Fuel
Year
Travel Delay (billions of
hours)
"Wasted Fuel“(billions of
gallons)
Congestion Cost
(billions of dollars)
1982 0.8 0.5 $14.91995 2.5 1.7 $45.42004 4.0 2.7 $73.12005 4.2 2.9 $78.2
Source: Texas Transportation Institute
Cost of Congestion
Duration4.5 hours per day
Extent33% of travel
37% average delay
Intensity
Intensity13% average delay
Congestion In 2003
Extent67% of travel
7 hours per dayDuration
Congestion In 1982
Weekday Peak-Period Congestion Has Grown in Several Ways in Our Largest Cities
Source: Analysis of data used in 2005 Urban Mobility Report, Texas Transportation Institute.
Cooperative Systems Can Help?
“Cars that refuse to have accidents …”If every car knows its neighbors speed, location and direction, eminent threats of collision can be mitigated with warnings to drivers followed by intrusive control Can you envision a road network with no traffic signals?
Over a hundred Use Cases have been identified:Safety Mobility Convenience
Two basic types of communication:Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
Safety ApplicationsApproaching Emergency Vehicle WarningBlind Spot WarningCooperative Forward Collision WarningEmergency Electronic Brake LightsHighway Merge AssistantHighway/Rail Collision WarningLane Change WarningPre-crash SensingVehicle-based Road Condition WarningVehicle-to-vehicle Road Feature NotificationVisibility EnhancerWrong Way Driver Warning
Curve Speed WarningEmergency Vehicle Signal PreemptionIntersection Collision WarningIn-vehicle Amber AlertLeft Turn AssistantLow Bridge WarningLow Parking Structure WarningPedestrian Crossing Information at IntersectionRoad Condition WarningStop Sign Movement AssistanceStop Sign Violation WarningTraffic Signal Violation WarningWork Zone Warning
Mobility Applications
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise ControlIn-vehicle SignageWeather Alert NotificationsIcy Bridges WarningsROW PlanningPot Hole Detection (maintenance)Signal Phasing (traffic flow optimization)Incident Observation and MitigationRoadway Incidence Assistance
Traffic Advisories (routing, re-routing assistance)Navigation AssistanceFleet Management (logistics control)Hazardous Material Path EnforcementCargo TrackingTravel Information (available facilities, parking, special events, timing)
Consumer and Commercial Services
Parking Location AssistanceParking Access (security / payment)Food Drive-through PaymentRoadway Toll PaymentDownload Data Files (MP3, games)Software/Firmware UpdatesRemote DiagnosticsCustomer Relations ManagementDealer Service Scheduling
Personal Device SynchronizationHome Network Content SynchronizationRemote Control (home access, garage door, home lighting)Secure Access (Enterprise access)Just-in-time Repair NotificationSafety Recall Notification
Initial “Day One” ApplicationsGotta start somewhere!
Traffic Signal Violation WarningStop Sign Violation WarningIn-vehicle Signage (road advisory and local info)Roadway Conditions (weather and potholes)Traffic Management and ControlAlternate Route GuidanceTraffic Information (OEM)Electronics Payments (tolls, gasoline and parking)
Vehicle Infrastructure IntegrationVehicle Infrastructure Integration
Traffic Management
SystemsSatellite-Vehicle
Roadside communication Equipment (RSE)
VII Network Operations
Center
Vehicle-to-Vehicle
Vehicle-Cellular
Traveler Information
Systems
Vehicle-Infrastructure
GPS Cellular Communication
System
Mobility & Safety Application Server
Cellular Service ProvidersNetwork Operations Center
VII Systems EnablersCommunications systemProbe data collectionDynamic map databaseLane accuracy positioning systemOn-board computers need:
Software provisioning System diagnostics and maintenanceConfiguration managementSecurity frameworkEnhanced Human Machine Interfaces (displays, alarms)
VII Architecture Framework
VII IPv6 Network
OEM/ISP applications
TOCs and other public sector users
VII Message SwitchRegistrationsSubscriptionsOperations
RulesManagementMaintenance
Map and differential corrections
server
VII network management applications
Antenna
Onboard Equipment (OBE)
GPS
Applications processor
HMI interface
Vehicle services
HMI
Body chassis systems
Driver
Other vehicles
Other communications WiFi, Cellular etcetera
RSU & processor
Router
GPS Antenna
Signal controller
DSRC
Local safety
processor
Roadside Equipment (RSE)
RSU’s DSRC antenna
GPS receiver
GPS
GPS
VEHICLES FIELDV-V
Antenna
OBE
GSA Certification
Authority (CA)
CENTERS
I/O Controller
Other Message Switches
OBU
RSU Provisioning
server
OBE Provisioning
server
Content and services
Firewall
EXTERNAL USERS
Note: Grayed boxes are peripheral and not part of the core
VII architecture
Gateway to other
communication systems
Other communications
VII Architecture Framework
VII IPv6 Network
OEM/ISP applications
TOCs and other public sector users
VII Message SwitchRegistrationsSubscriptionsOperations
RulesManagementMaintenance
Map and differential corrections
server
VII network management applications
Antenna
Onboard Equipment (OBE)
GPS
Applications processor
HMI interface
Vehicle services
HMI
Body chassis systems
Driver
Other vehicles
Other communications WiFi, Cellular etcetera
RSU & processor
Router
GPS Antenna
Signal controller
DSRC
Local safety
processor
Roadside Equipment (RSE)
RSU’s DSRC antenna
GPS receiver
GPS
GPS
VEHICLES FIELDV-V
Antenna
OBE
GSA Certification
Authority (CA)
CENTERS
I/O Controller
Other Message Switches
OBU
RSU Provisioning
server
OBE Provisioning
server
Content and services
Firewall
EXTERNAL USERS
Note: Grayed boxes are peripheral and not part of the core
VII architecture
Gateway to other
communication systems
Other communications
Roadside
UsersCenters
Vehicle
DSRC Radio
FCC has allocated 75MHz at 5.9GHzSafety Applications (1st priority)• Other applications acceptable
Licensed Spectrum • stability with minimum Interference
Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Based on variation of WiFi IEEE 802.11pLine of sight300 to 1000 feet range (power modulation possible)Low Latency/fast connecting/priority attributes
Frequency (GHz)
5.85
0
5.85
5
5.86
0
5.86
5
5.87
0
5.87
5
5.88
0
5.88
5
5.89
0
5.89
5
5.90
0
5.90
5
5.91
0
5.91
5
5.92
0
5.92
5
5.83
5
5.84
0
5.84
5
Uplink
Downlink
Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 180 Ch 184Ch 182Ch 178
PublicSafety/Private
Public SafetyIntersectionsControl
Channel
PublicSafety/Private
PublicSafety/Private
IntersectionsControl Veh-VehDedicated Public Safety
Short Rng ServiceMed Rng ServiceShared Public Safety/Private
PublicSafety/Private
PublicSafety
Veh-Veh
DSRC 10 MHz Channel Usage Plan
40 dBm
33 dBm
23 dBm
Power LimitPower Limit
Power Limit
44.8 dBm
Multiple Communications Technologies Multiple Communications Technologies
Traffic Management
SystemsSatellite-Vehicle
Roadside communication Equipment (RSE)
VII Network Operations
Center
Vehicle-to-Vehicle
Vehicle-Cellular
Traveler Information
Systems
Vehicle-Infrastructure
GPS Cellular Communication
System
Mobility & Safety Application Server
Cellular Service ProvidersNetwork Operations Center
The Partnership
NHTSANHTSA
FHWAFHWA
AASHTOPolicy leadership & advocacy at
state level
Technical participation & field tests
USDOTNational leadership
Technical management
Funding
Automobile ManufacturersPrivate leadership & advocacy
Technical participation & field tests
Structure of working relationships
National Working Group is National Working Group is comprised of all member comprised of all member stakeholders stakeholders
VII National Working Group VII National Working Group needs are Supported by needs are Supported by senior management senior management Executive Leadership TeamExecutive Leadership Team
Organizational Support as required
VII Executive Leadership Team
VII National Working Group (WG)
Institutional Issues
Business Case
Outreach
Architecture
Test Bed
Protecting Privacy is Essential
Public entities have access to vehicle VII dataVII System design does not have access to driver or vehicle identification
Does not support law enforcementPrivate services available on Opt-in basis only
Drafted Privacy Principles
Core Non-Technical Issues
1. Funding for Deployment2. Deployment of roadside equipment3. Operations Management4. Governance Structure5. Data Availability and Accessibility6. Security Certificate Management7. Other Issues
Long Deployment Delays Safety Vision
Full safety benefits come from all vehicles particpatingNon-participating vehicles, pedestrians and animals are non-visible to VII vehiclesAutonomous safety systems are needed to fill the gap
0
10
20
3
0
40
50
60
70
8
0
90
100
% V
ehic
le P
opul
atio
n
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
VIIVII--Equipped Vehicle Population ProjectionEquipped Vehicle Population Projection
New
Cars
Equip
ped f
rom
Fact
ory
Tota
l Veh
icle
s on
Roa
dway
Antique and Collector vehicles not converted
Assumes:
250 million vehicles on road
16 million built each year
0
10
20
3
0
40
50
60
70
8
0
90
100
% V
ehic
le P
opul
atio
n
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Aftermarket VII Devices May Accelerate Deployment Aftermarket VII Devices May Accelerate Deployment
New
Cars
Equip
ped f
rom
Fact
ory
Tota
l Veh
icle
s on
Roa
dway
Antique and Collector vehicles not converted
Assumes:
250 million vehicles on road
16 million built each year
Tota
l Veh
icle
s on
Roa
dway
Improved densities
2010 Timeline 2060
0%
V
II E
quip
ped
Veh
icle
s10
0%VII Function vs VII Function vs Vehicle DensityVehicle Density
Assumes full coverage areaAssumes full coverage area
Traffic Info
Safety Warnings
Roadway Situational Awareness
Active Controls
Crash Avoidance
Automated
Highways
Traffic Management
VII Equipped Population
Crashes
Detroit Test EnvironmentDetroit Test Environment
Initial VII development project between OEMS and USDOTVII Proof of Concept Confirmation
Testing concept hardware and softwareConcept applications selected for system performance confirmation
Vehicle fleet tested at a facility located in Novi, MI.Small fleet (25 vehicles) gathering probe data over 2 months UMTRI provided 5 vehicles for full system performance and application testing and verificationFleet to be equipped and operated by Roush Engineering under VIIC Contract
California Proof of Concept Test Bed
Innovative Mobility Showcase 2005Network of DSRC devices
12 currently, 40 plannedBackhaul network T1 wireline, 3G cellular, WiMax
Bay area has 60 miles of freeways & arterials deployedTesting applications
Signal informationCurve warningVehicle probesIn-vehicle signing
Major demonstrations of ITS and vehicle-roadway communications systemsPermanent installations to stay in New York2008 demonstration intended to showcase VII for public and private sector decision makers
ITS-A World Congress - Nov 2008
15th World Congress on ITS and 2008 ITS America
Annual Meeting
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