Ch. 4 The Civil War
4.1 Resources, Strategies, and Early
Battles
How did each side’s resources and strategies affect the early battles of
the war?
The Union’s Strategy
Advantages: more men, factories, and And a strong central government to make
Avoid issue of slavery So, border slave states don’t _
Anaconda Plan1. Blockade
2. Divide the Confederacy into 2 @ the
3. Capture
Goal: suffocate the South into submission
Anaconda Plan
The Confederate Strategy
Advantages: cotton production 1st rate strong military tradition, &
Defensive Plan1. Survive as a
2. Seek support from Great Britain & France
Goal: Drag the war on as long as possible to kill northern
1st Battle of Bull Run
General Thomas Stonewall Jackson
1st Battle of Bull Run
Manassas, VA July 1861
Thomas Jackson Confederate General Made a stand against General
McDowell Sent Yankees back to _ Nicknamed_’
Impacts on the War: This ended Northern hope for a_ McDowell is replaced by Lincoln
with_
1st Battle of Bull Run
Stonewall @ Bull Run
1862Battle of Shiloh & New
Orleans TN
25,000 casualties in 2 days
Union General :Ulysses Grant Defeats a surprised
attack by the_ Nicknamed _
LA
Union forces take over _
Union now controls the mouth of the Mississippi River
Commander David Farragut pushes to _ He is stopped _
General McClellan
Robert E. Lee
McClellan versus Lee
Union General
He was too_ Did not want to invade
Richmond until he had 270,000 There were only 2 bridges on
the Potomac River to_
Lincoln known for his patience, but was growing tired:
“I would like to borrow his army, if the general himself is not going to use it.”
(don’t have to write
Commander of Confederate Army
Used unorthodox war_
Offered by Lincoln to be _
opposed secession, but VA was _
The Seven Days Battle Fought McClellan for 7 days Outside of_ Lee was outnumbered & lost
more But McClellan would retreat
4.2 African Americans & War
What was the effect of the Emancipation Proclamation on the course of the war?
The pressure was on Lincoln
Northern Abolitionist
Antiwar Movements begin
confederacy received supported by G.B. & France
union was losing decisive battles
Union generals did not know what to do w/ slaves
Battle of Antietam
Sept 1862
Maryland
Lee hoped Marylanders would join the confederacy His army could get food supplies Victory on union soil w/ get European recognition for
confederacy
Lee’s Battle Plans are found wrapped around cigars.
23,000 dead/wounded on 1 day
Afterwards, McClellan chooses not to chase Lee into VA
5 days later Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
Military decree
Freed slaves in states that were under confederate control
Not slave in states that were under union control
Did it free slaves? no
The North now has something worth fighting for
Militia Act
mandates blacks to be accepted into the military
180k A.A. volunteers
54th MA regimentPort Hudson, MI
Fort Wagner, SC
4.3 Life During the Civil War
How did the Civil War bring temporary & lasting changes to
American society?
Northern Econ Raised tariffs
Brought in $, help_
Gov’t bonds Showed Patriotism $ given to gov’t, then later on gov’t repays $ @_
Legal Tender Act 1862 Union now has a single _ “_
Homestead Act 1862 handed out western land @_
Vs. Southern Econ Devastated by _ doubt in southern currency leads to _ Could not pay for the war
Draft Riots in NYC
Lincoln’s War on Civil Liberties
Income Tax Citizens who earn a salary are taxed more to _
Conscription Only _ Could get out w/ _ Normal pay in 1860= _ Is that fair?
Martial Law in NYC
Suspension of Habeus Corpus_ especially to those critical of Prez-Copperheads
Martial Law in NYC
Soldier Life
Why would young men want to join the war effort?
Families b.c. divided Especially on _ Some faced each other in battle
Camp life poor drinking _ for every soldier killed in battle, 2 died of disease Docs begin to use _
Prison camps Andersonville, GA
Andersonville
Clara Barton
New Work For Women
Men are away in battle, the community needs workers
Family businesses, farms, _
Some pretended to be men to fight in battle
Nursing Grows as a profession C
U.S. Sanitary Commission Hospitals in military installations
4.4 Turning Points of the Civil War
How did the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg changes the course of
the war?
Vicksburg, MS
Vicksburg, MS
Fortress that could not be _
Key to North shutting down the MS River & completing _
Grant’s plan 1st take the capital - _ Then cut off supplies by destroying _ Finally place Vicksburg under_
After a month, Rebel troops _
The confederacy is now split into 2
Fredericksburg, VA
Fredericksburg, VA
Lee get 2 Victories
Fredericksburg, VA Ambrose Burnside replaces Union general _ Face off w/ Lee and loses USA 120K troops vs CSA 80K troops= USA casualties _
Chancellorsville, VA Lincoln replaces Burnside w/ Union general _ Lee defeats Hooker, but loses _
accidently shot by his own men
An Upset Robert E. Lee invades North for _
“General Jackson may have lost his left arm, but I have lost my right”
Gettysburg
Gettysburg, PA
Lincoln replaces Hooker w/ Union General _
Confederates go in to try to find shoes & run into _
Battle wages for _
The Civil War’s _
Americans causalities_
“Picketts Last Charge”_
Lee would retreat back to _
Gettysburg Address -
Sherman’s Burning
Grant’s Total War
CSA couldn’t get recognition by GB or FR b/c of _
Lincoln promotes U.S. Grant to head of entire Union force
New Strategy for North
Total War = Grant not only attack CSA forces, but also attacks _ Sparked outrage
Keep fighting Lee even if he loses _
North could replace their men, South _
Photography
Sherman’s Burning
William Tecumseh Sherman
Takes 60,000 troops
“March to the Sea”
Looted, Burned, Raped, and Murdered his way
From Atlanta, GA to _
From GA to _
William Tecumseh Sherman
Election of 1864
Lincoln is highly unpopular
Still defeats _
Popular Vote _
Electoral Vote _
4.5 The War’s End and Impact
What was the final outcome and impact of the war?
Surrender at Appomattox
Grant, Sheridan, & Sherman were
President Davis abandons Setting it a blaze
Lee & Grant met on April 9th, 1865 to discuss terms of the
Met in Appomattox Court House Lee’s men were paroled & After 4 long years the Civil War was
13th Amendment
Abolishes
Jan
After Lincoln’s
Republicans convince democrats to
27 states
Lincoln Assassination
5 days after Lee
April 14
Shot @ Ford’s Theatre
By John Wilkes He escapes for 12 Until he was trapped by
1st time a U.S. president had been
2 problems fixed: 1. Slavery 2. Secession
Civil War’s Lasting Impact
Northern Industries _
Southern economy is _
Photographs bring carnage to every American’s _
New opportunities for _
Veterans return home _
Federal Government is no longer _ Its now in every i_ States would be too afraid to _ Individuals realize they’re citizens of a nation &_
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