The Shoulder Joint
Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement
420:050
The Shoulder Joint
Glenohumeral joint Very mobile but unstable
Glenoid fossa Some ligaments
Lax until extreme ROM Labrum and rotator cuff
Relationship with shoulder girdle
Objectives
Bones, bony landmarks and joints Muscles Movements
The Shoulder Joint
Multiaxial ball and socket joint Able to rotate freely in all three planes
Sagittal Frontal Transverse
Objectives
Bones, bony landmarks and joint Muscles Movements
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Coracobrachialis
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
Rotator Cuff Small muscles Critical for shoulder health
Dynamic stabilization
Especially important during overhead repetitious activities
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Objectives
Bones, bony landmarks and joint Muscles Movements
Movements
Flexion Movement of
humerus straight anteriorly
Extension Movement of
humerus straight posteriorly
Movements Abduction
Upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side, away from body
Adduction Downward movement of
humerus medially toward body from abduction
Movements
Horizontal adduction Movement of humerus in a
horizontal or transverse plane toward & across chest
Horizontal abduction Movement of humerus in a
horizontal or transverse plane away from chest
Movements
External rotation Movement of humerus
laterally around its long axis away from midline
Internal rotation Movement of humerus
medially around its long axis toward midline
Movements
Diagonal abduction Movement of humerus in a
diagonal plane away from midline of body
Diagonal adduction Movement of humerus in a
diagonal plane toward midline of body
LINE OF PULL
FLEXION
Superior movement of the humerus in the sagittal plane
Coracobrachialis
FLEXION
FLEXION
Anterior deltoid Pectoralis major (upper fibers) Coracobrachialis
EXTENSION
Inferior movement of the humerus in the sagittal plane
Coracobrachialis
EXTENSION
EXTENSION Exception Pectoralis Major Lower Fibers Effective extensor from hyperflexed position
EXTENSION
Latissimus dorsi Teres major Deltoid (posterior) Pectoralis major (lower fibers)
From hyperflexed position
ABDUCTION Superolateral movement of the humerus in the
frontal plane
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ABDUCTION
The location of the line of pull in relation to the joint center
determines the movement in this case
Hamilton, N. & Luttgens, K. (2007). Kinesiology: Scientific basis of human motion (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill: New York.
ABDUCTION
Deltoid (all three) Pectoralis major (upper fibers)
Abducted > 90 degrees
ADDUCTION Inferomedial movement of the humerus in the
frontal plane
ADDUCTION
The location of the line of pull in relation to the joint center
determines the movement in this case
Hamilton, N. & Luttgens, K. (2007). Kinesiology: Scientific basis of human motion (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill: New York.
ADDUCTION
Latissimus dorsi Teres major Pectoralis major (lower fibers) Pectoralis major (upper fibers)
Abducted < 90 degrees
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION Movement of the humerus away from the
midline of the body in the transverse plane
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION
Deltoid (posterior) Latissimus dorsi Teres major Infraspinatus Teres minor
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION Movement of the humerus towards the midline
in the transverse plane
Coracobrachialis
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION
Pectoralis major (upper and lower) Deltoid (anterior) Coracobrachialis
INTERNAL ROTATION Movement of the humerus towards the midline
in the transverse plane along its long axis
Subscapularis
INTERNAL ROTATION
INTERNAL ROTATION
Pectoralis major (upper and lower) Latissimus dorsi Subscapularis Teres major
EXTERNAL ROTATION Movement of the humerus away from the
midline in the transverse plane along its long axis
EXTERNAL ROTATION
EXTERNAL ROTATION
Supraspinatus Teres minor
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