The Role of the Church. Popes and
Kings in Medieval Europe
Ch. 10-3
Pgs. 269-275
Kings >> conflict with the Church
800 A.D., Kings and nobles tried to take power from church.
Kings appointed their own people/ relatives to church positions, such as bishops and cardinals
Kings >> conflict with the Church
New pope- Gregory VII wanted to give back power to church.
Announced that Pope was higher than king and that only the Pope could appoint members to church
Kings >> conflict with the Church
King Henry IV refused
Pope excommunicated King Henry IV
Popes and Kings Ruled the WorldTHE MIDDLE AGES, 1000 A.D.
• Nearly everyone who lived in Europe during the Middle Ages was Christian
• Christianity was important to every part of life
Christianity
Power of the Church Clergy- most often the
only members of society able to read and write
• Most kings were illiterate so members of the clergy were advisors to the king
• The clergy was very powerful
Clergy = the Church Officials
Clergy influenced all
levels of society,
especially kings,
because they were
educated
Clergy
• Church guided life of people… from baptism to marriage and to death
• Power to condemn or to forgive very powerful in people’s lives
Church Hierarchy
Pope – head of church, Latin for “Father”
Cardinals – advisors to the Pope, controlled the archbishops and choose new Pope from the cardinals
Current Pope:
Benedict XVI
El Grego, Portrait of a Cardinal
Church Hierarchy
• Archbishops – controlled
archdiocese and bishops
Church Hierarchy
• Abbots – in charge of
monasteries and local parishes
• Priests - local church or parish; led religious services (weddings,
baptisms, and funerals),
cared for sick
Church Hierarchy:
Monks
• Lived in monasteries• “Hard” or physical
labor to support their communities
• Occasionally preached
• “Low man” on the Church Hierarchy “totem pole” but crucial since they were in contact with people the most.
Monastery• Complex community of many different buildings– Granaries– Breweries – Bakeries– Wineries– Abbey church– Library /
scriptorium– Hospital– School
Self contained like a town
Grannary
• A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or animal feed
Abbey Church The Cathedral and Abbey
Church of St Alban) is a Church of England Cathedral church at St Albans, England. Became a cathedral in 1877, and is the second longest cathedral in the United Kingdom.
Scriptorium• "a place for writing",
is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European monasteries devoted to the copying of manuscripts by monastic scribes.
A monk’s schedule
2:30 a.m. - wake up3:00 a.m. - early prayer5:00 a.m. - Study religious texts6:00 a.m. - Dawn prayers7:30 a.m. - Study religious texts8:00 a.m. - Prayer, church service, meetings9:45 a.m. - work in fields; copy books12:00 p.m. - noon prayer
A monk’s schedule
2:00 p.m. - eat daily meal
2:45 p.m. - work in fields; copy books
4:15 p.m. - afternoon prayers6:15 p.m. - evening prayers6:30 p.m. - go to sleep
A monk’s schedule
1. Name 3 things the monks did with their time?
a.
b.
c.
A monk’s schedule
1. Name 3 things the monks did with their time?
a. prayer
b. study religious texts
c. Work in the fields and copy books
Monastery• Inside libraries monks
copied manuscripts• Wrote in beautiful
handwriting• Drew elaborate
illustrations…………
• Illuminated letters
What is religious order?
• A group of people who dedicated their lives to religion and follow common rules
• Vatican City
Vatican City
• http://www.vatican.va/phome_ge.htm
• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/tdhoanh-202188-city-state-vatican-delza-br-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/
•Bishops were the leaders of the church •The leader of the bishops was the pope •Bishops were often very wealthy
•They wore religious garments
• had their own castles
•involved in politics; taxes and settled•Issues related to marriages.
The Bishop
“Spreading the Word”
St. Francis of Assisi
• Religious communities formed
• Monks could travel, spread Christianity, and do “good deeds” for the poor
• Saint Francis of Assisi began his own group of monks ….helping the poor and sick
An archbishop was simply a special form of bishop. As certain cities in the late Roman Empire were of especial importance, certain bishops gained special authority. A great city like Milan, for example, had administrative authority over a number of towns in northern Italy.
Archbishops
Friar comes from the Latin for brother. They are simply another kind of monk. The chief difference was the friars took preaching as a central mission. Instead of retreating from the world, as other monks did, the friars went into the world, to preach the Word of God.
Friars
• The bishop had his own court, where he heard any number of cases involving matters of religion
• A bishop typically held lands and might have authority over estates, villages and even towns.
• He could levy taxes there, exactly like a nobleman, and could even raise armies.
Bishop
• An abbot is the superior monk in, or head of, a monastery.
Abbot
Medieval Christian Church
Church Hierarchy: Women
• Women were excluded from church employment except as nuns or directors of Abbeys
• Nuns were “Brides of Christ”; swore never to marry, devoted to charitable work
Church Hierarchy: Women
• Worked with the poor, provided shelter, medicine and helped their religious community
• Abbesses: nuns in charge of convents--- communities for the nuns
Illuminated letters were an art form and common practice for nuns and monks copying texts for sale to help the convent or monastery.
Power of the Church
Church encouraged Christians to save their souls by donating money to the churches
•Nobles were encouraged to leave their lands to the church (upon death) in return for saving their souls>>> increasing the church’s holdings and wealth
Education Spreads in Europe
Monasteries became too small to teach those who wanted to be educated
• Began meeting outside or in taverns ….eventually began to construct buildings, which grew into universities and colleges
Music of Medieval European Christianity
Art of the Church
Filled with art, stained glass,, sculpture, and paintings
Tribute to God ….built to strike “awe” in those who viewed the art in these cathedrals
Art of the Medieval Church
Most art (paintings and sculptures) were religious and featured Christ or people from the Bible or lessons
Flat, stylized art… not three dimensional
Saint Francis of Assisi• Saint Francis was the son
of a wealthy merchant.
• He was born in Assisi, Italy in 1182.
• He gave money and his possessions to the poor.
• Preacher
Universities• The goal of the church was
to teach people about religion
• Most teachers were members of the clergy
• Taught religion, science, astronomy, medicine, law
• Italy, France and England
Thomas Aquinas
ArtDuring the period of the
Rayonnant style a significant change took place in Gothic architecture. After 1250, Gothic architects became more concerned with the creation of rich visual effects through decoration.
More St. Chapelle
More Gloucester
The Choir The Tower
More St. Maclou
Added beginning of 16th Century
Milan Cathedral (Duomo)
The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy.1386-1577, west front 1616-1813
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