Download - The Review of the EIA system of South Africa

The Review of the EIA system of South Africa

Structure of the presentation

• Elements of the presentation:– Setting the context for the EIA system– Introducing the 2006 EIA Regulations– Explaining the 5 point plan towards more efficient and

effective EIA– Report on progress with implementation of the 5 point

plan.

Factors influencing quality of life…

• Socio-economic standing• Employment• Education• Health• Access to services• Human dignity• Environmental Quality

Environmental quality

• Environmental quality is improved and protected via proactive and reactive measures:– Proactive

• Prevention of degradation and conservation • Tools – Strategic Planning, Environmental

Impact Assessment.

– Reactive • Rehabilitation of degraded areas, Reduction of

emissions and effluent, clean-up• Tools – NEMA sector Acts, Water legislation,

Compliance and Enforcement.

Environmental Impact Assessment

• Systematic process to identify potential positive and negative impacts on the environment (biophysical, socio-economic, cultural) associated with proposed activity.

• Examine alternatives / management measures to minimise negative and optimise positive consequences.

• Prevent substantial detrimental to the environment


• Advantages of EIA– To authorities:

• Informed decision making;• Improvement / protection of

environmental quality;• Management to sustainable utilisation

of resources;• Understanding demands on bulk

services, waste management services, urban forms, etc.


• Advantages of EIA (cont)– To interested and affected parties

• An opportunity to be heard;• Protecting environmental rights;• Utilisation of local and indigenous

knowledge;• Increased knowledge and

environmental awareness


• Advantages of EIA (cont)– To undertakers of identified activities

(developers):• Proactively asking the right questions

– Adequacy of natural resources

– Risks associated with environmental factors (geologic stability, hydrology regimes, fire, etc)

– Pollution potential and prevention thereof;

• Energy and water saving and associated financial savings

• Appropriateness of activity in terms of strategic planning for the area


• EIA in its design is aimed at informing project planning and design – unfortunately, mostly use to justify what is already planned instead.

South Africa’s EIA System

EIA in South Africa: September 1997 – July 2006

The “old” system

• EIA became law in 1997, before then, voluntary use of EIA.

• Concurrent function between national and provincial government.

• Survey conducted in April 2006 and updated in July 2006 to establish status quo of implementation of 1997 Regulations

EIA in South Africa: Provincial capacity

• Figures obtained from EIA authorities indicate:– Provinces’ capacity and resources vary

significantly– In some cases resources are commensurate with

EIA load, however in other provinces this is not the case

– Limited funding for developing information systems and other tools to assist both authorities and applicants is of particular concern.

EIA Applications – September 1997 to June 2006

1%14%

5%

30%

15%

6%

4%

7%

3%

15%DEAT

Eastern Cape

Free State

Gauteng

Kwa-Zulu Natal

Limpopo

Mpumalanga

North West

Northern Cape

Western Cape

• In the order of 44 000 applications received

• DEAT received the least (1% of total) and Gauteng the most (30% of total)

• At the end of June 2006 – these Regulations were

repealed

– 5 955 applications pending

Finalisation of EIA Applications (Central Tendency across all Provinces)

Measured from date of receipt of application to date of final decision

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.5 1 1.5 2 3 +3

Time (Years)

Ap

plic

atio

ns

(%)

EIA in South Africa: Processing times

• Whilst approximately 50% of applications are finalised within 6 months from the application date and an addition 33% within a year, it is of concern that approximately 9% is only finalised within a period of 2 years or more

• Although often related to complexity, controversy and pollution potential, delay in review and decision making processes also in cases due to severe capacity constraints within provincial authorities

Review of the 1997 EIA System

Review of the South Africa EIA system: The need for a review

• Lessons learnt through implementation of the 1997 EIA Regulations and evolution of Environmental Legislation since 1997 necessitated the review of the EIA System.

Review of the South Africa EIA system: The need for a review

• Inadequacies of 1997 Regulations include.– Wide interpretation of activities resulting in

inconsistent application by authorities– To many small scale / insignificant activities made

subject to EIA– Lengthy and inflexible process, with to many “authority

stops” / “decision points”– Inadequate provisions for public consultation– Not aligned with PAJA and PAIA– Not supported by strategic planning tools– Enforcement measures generally weak

• The Review commenced in 2000 and resulted in the promulgation of new Regulations in terms of the NEMA during April 2006

The NEMA EIA Regulations

What has been retained but improved? …

Aspect ECA EIA Regulations

NEMA EIA Regulations

Activities To wide a spectrum, unclear, crucial activities omitted

Narrowed the spectrum, more specific, include activities previously omitted

EIA Process One cumbersome process, resulted in innovative interventions

Differentiate between basic and thorough assessments



Decision-making process

Allowed for comprehensive process only

• Allow for upfront decision making (e.g. fatal flaws, emergency circumstances, clearly no impact situations)• Prescribe time frames



Roles & Responsibilities

Prescribed for authorities and applicant only – no real consequences for not abiding by the rules

Prescribed for ALL role players – consequences for non-compliance provided for.



Public participation Included but poorly defined

Well defined and minimum requirements prescribed

Appeal process Appeal decision-making process not prescribed

Process well defined and aligned with PAJA

What is new …

New additions• Exclusions based on

– Policies and guidelines– Environmental Management Frameworks

• Compliance and enforcement strengthened

• Regulation 6 allowing for cooperation agreements between authorities

• Site Environmental Management Plans structured

• Class applications

Environmental Management Frameworks

Environmental Management Framework

• Regulations prescribe process for compiling EMF and set minimum requirements for content

• Strategic tool where a geographical area is assessed: – Status quo study in terms of inter alia

biophysical environment, built environment and “planned” environment

– Desired state of environment defined– Road map established to reach and

maintain desired SOE

• EMF consist of “environmental control zones”; environmental management plan and environmental management policy

• Certain pre-determined activities when aligned with control zones, EMP and EM Policy are then excluded from EIA requirements

• EMF also useful as environmental input into SDF’s, precinct plans, etc.

Sector guidelines

Sector guidelines• Regulations prescribe process for

compiling and publication of Sector guidelines

• Sector guidelines are given teeth – applicants have to take it into consideration

• Sector guidelines can also be used for exclusions

Class applications

Class applications• One application and process for

many different activities occurring in one geographical area

OR

• One application and process for the same activity type proposed to take place in different locations

The processes and time frames associated with it

Basic Assessment Process

• Activities contained in Listing Notice 1 are subject to a basic assessment process

• Smaller scale activities• Predicted impacts are generally known

and can be easily managed• Will be further limited through exclusions • Approximately 70% of all EIA applications

subject to this process• Total authority time = 55 calender days

Scoping and EIA process (thorough process)

Scoping and EIA (Thorough Assessment Process)

• Activities contained in Listing Notice 2 are subject to a thorough assessment process

• Activities that due to nature and/or extent is likely to have significant impacts

• Associated with high levels of pollution / waste / environmental degradation

• Impacts cannot easily be predicted• Higher risk activities• Total authority time: Scoping - 45 Days, EIA 105-

days

Implementation of the NEMA EIA Regulations

• NEMA EIA Regulations came into effect for all activities except for those related to mining permits, licenses and permission on 3 July 2006

• Mining related activities will come into effect at a later date due to– Required law reform– Development of cooperation structures and systems– System reform

• Transitional arrangements provided for transition between 1997 EIA System and NEMA EIA System

5 Point plan towards more efficient and effective EIA in

South Africa

Introduction• In April 2006 DEAT adopted a five

point plan to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the EIA system

• The implementation of this plan together with the new EIA system (2006 Regulations) subsequently improved EIA management significantly.

The plan• The plan focuses on the following areas:

– Expedite the processing of pending applications submitted in terms of the 1997 Regulations (the 5 955);

– Develop and implement strategic spatial systems to compliment EIA;

– Build and maintain adequate EIA administration capacity;

– Develop and implement decision support tools; and

– Develop and implement capacity and support strategies

Implementation of the new EIA Regulations

Progress with implementation of the 2006 EIA Regulations

• Figures obtained from the January 2008 Quarterly reports from EIA authorities, indicate:– XXXX new applications were received– 95% of these applications are being processed within

prescribed time frames (or faster).

• Number of applications per quarter less than in 1997 Regs (succeeded in reduction of number of applications)

• Problems have however been identified and DEAT commenced with an amendment process that will be concluded in July 2008 (dependent on NEMA process)

Progress with implementation of the 5 point plan

1. Expedite processing of the 5,955

• Contracts to the amount of R11,3M have been awarded to service providers to assist provinces with processing of these applications

• Between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2007 pending applications were reduced to XXXX(from 5,859)

2. Strategic Spatial Tools to compliment EIA

• Environmental Management Frameworks:– DEAT is providing financial and technical assistance in the

development of 7 Environmental Management Frameworks for municipal areas under development pressure

– Gauteng and the Western Cape have also embarked on the development of EMFs.

– At the end of 2008-2009 a total of 15 EMFs will be in place.• Identification of sensitive area:

– DEAT has commenced with the process to identify and map all sensitive areas of national importance

– Gauteng, the Western Cape and Mpumalanga have also embarked on processes to identify and map sensitive areas of provincial importance

– All these processes to be concluded in 2008-2009

3. Build and maintain human resource capacity

• Tender awarded for project to conduct capacity audit and needs analysis – project to be finalised at the end of March 2008

• Draft guideline for optimum structure will be work-shopped with provincial authorities in May 2008. It will then be submitted to the DPSA for further processing.

• 14 Training sessions on the new EIA Regulations conducted

• The development and roll-out of accredited training on EIA administration is on track. Training will be rolled out before end of April 2008.

4. Develop and implement decision-support tools and systems

• Procedural Guidelines:– 4 Guidelines have been developed by DEAT and are available on the DEAT

website– “The Companion” to the 2007 EIA Regulations (“dummy” guide) has been

finalised– Publication delayed due to the amendment process

• Sector Guidelines:– DEAT appointed a service provider to assist with the development of

identified sector guidelines and work is progressing according to plan. • Templates, forms and pro-forma letters

– Have been developed, distributed to all EIA authorities and are being implemented

• National Environmental Authorisation System (NEAS)– This web-based system to record and track all EIA applications have been

developed and is currently being tested by provincial and national authorities

– It will be fully implemented by the end of April 2008– Applicants and I&APs will be able to access information from this system

via the DEAT website by March 2009

5. Develop and implement province specific and generic capacity &

support interventions• Capacity audit and needs analysis will inform

this work in future• Quarterly implementation workshops

conducted to assist provinces with interpretation and application of the new Regulations

• DEAT provide written response on all interpretation queries

• Strategy for stakeholder capacitation initiated

Future of EIA and IEM

Environmental Impact Management Strategy

• In 2008-2009 DEAT together with provincial partners will embark on development of comprehensive EIM strategy and action plan

• Objectives of the strategy will be to:– Further rationalise the use of EIA– Promote of self-regulation– Integration of EIM in other legislative processes– Management through norms and standard– Where appropriate, replacement of EIA with more

appropriate tools such as risk assessment (RA); cost benefit analysis (CBA); sustainability assessments (SA); etc.

Thank you