The Radio Networkof the University of Bologna Bologna

University SiteRadio Repeater

bit rate of the links34 Mbit/s ATM4 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s

Rimini

RavennaForlì

Bologna

M.Maggio

BertinoroCalderaro Cesena Riminiskyscraper

1

the old network (1998)based on leased line

Bologna

Cesena

Ravenna

Forlì

Bologna

Bertinoro Rimini

Line Bit-Rate Bologna - Cesena 512 Kbit/s Bologna - Forlì 512 Kbit/s Bologna - Ravenna 256 Kbit/s Cesena – Rimini 256 Kbit/s Cesena - Bertinoro 64 Kbit/s

2

COMPU_TATION

ACCESS TO DATABASES

INTERNALTELEPHONY

TELE-DIDACTICTELE-CONFERENCE

TELE-DIDACTIC

SECRETARYfor STUDENTS

ACCESS TOINTERNET

The Services for the University Network Users

Universityof BolognaNetwork

3

Link ATMvia RADIO34 Mbit/s

ROMAGNA

CINECA

area Zamboni Sinistro

ClinicaNeuro

AUSLS.ORSOLA

AreaPOGGI

BACKBONEATM

in BOLOGNA

AreaCeGRI

AreaTECNICA

AreaSELMI

AreaMATEMATICA

Ist.GIURIDICO

AreaBUB

sc.INFORM.

Dip.ASTRONOMIA

CNAF

Link to Internet24 Mbit/s

The Architecture of the Network

BACKBONEATM in

ROMAGNA

CesenaSc. INFORM.

Forli.Economia

RiminiSTATISTIC

4

The Network inside Bologna

3COM SS3300 conUplink ATM OC/12

TAM della Telecom

CISCO 7500

3COM CoreBuilder 7000

CISCO 7206 GARR-B

CISCO 7206 Radio

MediaConverter OC3/E3 GARR-B

TO INTERNET

MediaConverter OC3/E3 Radio

TO ROMAGNA BY RADIO

TAM Telecom

CISCO 7500

CABLETRONSS 6000

CABLETRONSS 6000

CABLETRONSS 9500

with port OC/3 e OC/12

Usersnetwork

TELECOMLink 100MB

Link ATM OC/3

Link ATM OC/12

Link GB

Engeneering Physics - Morassutti

Physics - Irnerio

Users of Areas: Poggi, Selmi

Other Users

CABLETRONSS 8600 Layer 3

3COM NB2

Link ATM E3

Ce.S.I.A.

5

Radio Link Characteristics

University SiteRadio Repeater

34 Mbit/s ATM4 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s

Rimini

RavennaForlì

Bologna

M.Maggio

BertinoroCalderaro Cesena Riminiskyscraper

1712M.Maggio - Bertinoro

3814Rimini Skyscraper - Rimini

2.3364M.Maggio-Rimini Skyscraper

2.3314M. Maggio - Ravenna

141134M. Maggio - Forlì

14834M. Maggio - Cesena

85734Calderaro - M. Maggio

81934Bologna - Calderaro

Frequency(GHz)

Distance(km)

bit rate(Mbit/s)

Link

6

8 or 4x2 Mbit/sMin. of Comm.17.3 - 17.7 GHz

34 Mbit/sMinistry ofDefense

7.75 - 8.5 GHz

34 Mbit/sMin. of Comm.37.0 - 38.5 GHz

34 Mbit/sMin. of Comm.14.25 - 14.5 GHz

2 or 2 x 2 Mbit/sMinistry ofCommunication

2.3 - 2.44 GHz

bit/rateOwnerFrequence

Italian Regulations forDigital Radio Communication

7

The Choice of the Transmission Frequencies:Criteria

• Length of the radio link,due to signal attenuation in the link and rain

• Bandwidth requested,

• Regulations of the Communication Autority, In Italy, the Ministry of communication regulates theuse of radio transmission and, in particular, bandwidthand radio signal modulation.

• Antennas diameter and support structures,due to weight and wing.

8

Signal Attenuation due to Rain(depending on trasmission frequency and rain intensity)

very high attenuation for frequencies greather than 10 GHz,sometimes, unavailability of the link

9

Length of the Radio Link

• Frequency greater than 10 GHz,- the rain attenuates to much the signal- radio link must be shorter than 15 km

• Frequency smaller than 10 GHz,- radio link up to 60 km- sometimes problems due to “multipath”- space diversity may be used

10

The Specola Tower.

The start point of the Radio networkin Bologna.

11

CA

LD

ER

AR

O

MO

NT

E M

AG

GIO

BO

LO

GN

A

CA

LD

ER

AR

O

The Outline of the Radio Links of the Backbone(with first Fresnel zone)

12

The Trellis at Monte Maggio

13

The 3 metre Antenna at Monte Maggio

view from the ground lateral view 14

The Backbone ATM over Radio Link

Radio Link

34 MBit/s ATM

2x2 MBit/s

2 MBit/s

MANCesena

MonteMaggio

14 GHz34 Mbit/s

Calderaro

SWITCH ATM8 GHz34 Mbit/s

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/s

2.3 GHz2 Mbit/s

ROUTERR

14 GHz34 Mbit/s

BACKBONE ATM

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/s

8 GHz34 Mbit/s

SWITCH ATM SWITCH ATM

SWITCH ATM

MANBologna

MANRavenna

MANRimini

LANsBertinoro

MANForlì

15

Radio and NetworkEquipment Scheme

34 Mbit/s8 GHz

Calderaro

1+1

8 G

Hz

34M

bit/s

RTA

2 m

34 Mbit/sG.703

8 GH

z34

Mbit/s

RT

1+1

A 3 m

34 Mbit/s8 GHz

MANForlì

Forlì

17 GHz

2 Mbit/s

Bertinoro

LANBertinoro

Interface

Router

1+0

RT17 GHz2 Mbit/s

A0.6 m

V35 2 Mbit/s

MODEM2 Mbit/s

V352 Mbit/s

G.703 2 Mbit/s

Rim

ini

LANsRimini

V35 4 Mbit/s

V35card

4 Mbit/s

Interface

Router

G.703 2x2 Mbit/s

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/sRT

inversemultiplexer

G.703 2x2 Mbit/sV35 4 Mbit/s

1+1A

2 m

Ravenna

LANsRavenna

V35 4 Mbit/s

V354 Mbit/s

Interface

Router

G.703 2x2 Mbit/s

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/sRT

inversemultiplexer

G.703 2x2 Mbit/sV35 4 Mbit/s

1+1A

2 m

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit /s

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/s

Cesena

A2 m

1+1

G.703

34M

bit/s14 G

Hz

RT ATM FLOW

G.70334 Mbit/s

RouterInterface

ATM

34M

bit/s

LANsScienze dell’

Informazione,ecc.14 GHz

34 Mbit/s

RouterInterface

ATM34 Mbit/s

G.703 34 Mbit/s

AT

M F

LO

W

14 GHz34 Mbit/s

G.703 2x2 Mbit/s

V35 4 Mbit/s

inversemultiplexer

V35 4 Mbit/sG.703 2x2 Mbit/s

1+1A

2 m

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/sRT

1+0A

0.6 m

17 GHz2 Mbit/sRT

G.703 2x2 Mbit/s

V35 4 Mbit/s

inversemultiplexer

V35 4 Mbit/sG.703 2x2 Mbit/s

1+1A

2 m

2.3 GHz2x2 Mbit/sRT

A3

m

1+1

8 G

Hz

34

Mbi

t/s

RT

G.7

03

34

Mbi

t/s

A2 m

1+114 GHz 34 Mbit/s

RTG.703 34 Mbit/s

A2 m1+1

14 GH

z 34M

bit/s

RT

G.703 34

Mbit/s

V354 Mbit/s

G.7032 Mbit/s2 porte

Router

ATMcard

34 Mbit/s

V354 Mbit/s

SWITCH ATMSWITCH ATM

SWITCH ATM

G.7

03

3

4M

bit/

s

A2

m

1+1

34M

bit/s

8 G

Hz

RT

Almanet

Bologna

SWITCH ATM

BACKBONE ATM

MonteMaggio

2 m

A1+1

14 GHz 34 Mbit/sRT

G.703 34 Mbit/s

16

EXPANDED SCALE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 0 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-5-10-20-40-60-80-100-120-140-160-180 15-15

AN

TE

NN

A D

IRE

CT

IVIT

Y:

dB

DO

WN

FR

OM

MA

IN B

EA

M

AZIMUTH DEGREES FROM MAIN LOBE

PARALLEL

POLARIZATION (HH,VV)

CROSS

POLARIZATION (HV,VH)

Single Polarized RPE Number 4180Date 2- 6-95

Radiation Pattern EnvelopeAntenna Type Number VHP4-142

ft(m) Antenna4 (1.2) 14250-15350 MHZ Gain: 42.50 dBi at Midband

Envelope for a Horizontally Polarized Antenna (HH,HV)Envelope for a Vertically Polarized Antenna (VV,VH)

For further information ask for Andrew Bulletin 1032, 'Radiation Pattern Envelopes'.

18

0

400000

800000

1200000

1600000

dolla

rs

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Year

Cost for 5 Years

RadioLeased Line

2 610 2851 432 598

Leased LineRadio Network

Costs ($)

Costs (millions of $)

1.432

2.610

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

Main Positive Characteristics (a)

• Fault Tollerant system, by introducing redundancy in radio transmitter (1+1 isofrequency) and power supplier.

• Unavailability of the Radio transport, due to meteorological events, only 8 minutes for each year.

• Increasing of the available Bandwidth (34 Mbit/s) between Bologna and Romagna, about 20 times.

• Decreasing of the Transmission Time. For example, using the “ping” program between Cesena and Bologna, from 60-100 msec to 5-10 msec.

19

Main Positive Characteristics (b)

• Dinamic management of the available Bandwidth (ATM)

• Support for Quality of Service (QoS), in particular the network may provide services with guaranties for:

- transmission with constant bit rate- delay into a fixed rangeor- best effort service

• Configuration of Virtual LANs, for advanced management.

• Use of the Radio Network for implementing Telephony.

• Support for Teleconference and Teledidactics. 20