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Page 1: The New Māori and Māori Health

The New Māori and Māori Health

Professor Chris CunninghamResearch Centre for Māori Health & DevelopmentMassey University @ Wellington

Page 2: The New Māori and Māori Health

Overview

Defining Māori is a non-trivial exercise Hauora, health, cultural identity – “M-

factor” The “New Māori” framework

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Defining Māori

Race/ethnicity– I define you– You define you

Treaty relationship– Descent from a signatory

Cultural– Look, think and operate as Māori

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Standards for Ethnicity

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He Kainga Oranga

Māori respondents– Same questionnaire schedule– Same interviewers– Same environment

18% ethnic migration

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Treaty of Waitangi

“the only thing that matters is that the Treaty exists”

Relationship NOT partnership Parties NOT partners Descent

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Ethnicity

Phenomenon of ethnicity Categorisation for measurement

purposes

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Inequalities

ACCEPTABLE

Male/female life expectancy

Older/younger people outcomes

UNACCEPTABLE

Income Education Geography Identity

– Sexual– Cultural– Ethnic

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Te Hoe Nuku Roa – Best Outcomes

Established 1993 Some 500 households, 1500 individual

Māori Survey at 3 yearly intervals 80-90% retention rate

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Māori identity indicators/qualities

Te reo Māori Marae Whakapapa Political identity Māori ethnicity Cultural identity Iwi Whānau

Value Participation Knowledge Expression Preference Knowledge/practice Knowledge/practice Contribution

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Māori indicators and items

Te reo Māori

“Te Reo Māori is an important language for me”

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Māori indicators and items

Marae

“I have a high level of comfort participating in activities at marae”

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Māori indicators and items

Whakapapa

“I can recite more than three generations of my Māori whakapapa”

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Māori indicators and items

Political identity

“The Māori electoral roll should continue as one way of recognising Māori rights”

“Māori development should be parallel to the development of NZ generally”

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Māori indicators and items

Māori ethnic identity

“I prefer to identify only as Maori”

“I prefer to include Māori as one of my ethnic groups”

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Māori indicators and items

Culture

“It is important for Māori children to feel confident about Māori culture”

“Māori and Pakeha are very alike”

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Māori indicators and items

Iwi

“I responded positively to the Tuhono initiative”

“I know my iwi but they don’t know me very well”

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Māori indicators and items

Whānau

“I interact with my whānau as frequently as possible”

“I prefer to associate mostly with Māori people”

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Item Response Theory

Can reduce these items from 8 to 2-4 Can predict responses to other

questions

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Indigenous

“being born in a place” older indigenous group versus younger

indigenous group Flora and fauna and people treated

differently Worldview

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Indigenous Worldview

“All creation is spirit”

Western versus Eastern versus Indigenous

“Integral association with nature/land”

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Hauora and health

MODELS– Whare Tapa Wha (M Durie)– Wheke (RR Pere)– Nga Pou Mana (RCSP)– Waiora (S Palmer)

Health Hauora

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Diverse Māori Realities

Isolated

IntegratedConservative

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Tibble Continuum

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The New Maori

Pluralistic

Integrated

Isolated

Conservative

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Summary

Defining Māori is a non-trivial exercise The Treaty exists / relationship / parties Hauora is not the Māori word for health Ethnicity is part of your identity – it is NOT

your identity Perfecting ethnicity question is a holy grail Māori identity : continuous measurable trait New Māori includes an increasingly

pluralistic group