The Nervous PathwayThe Nervous Pathway
神经传导通路
一、 Sensory Pathways
感觉传导通路
1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
躯干四肢本体觉和精细触觉传导路
Primary Neuron
Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n.
transmit sensory input from joint, muscle, tendon to the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord
form the Fasciculus cuneatus and Fasciculus gracilis
1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Secondary Neuron
Cell bodies are located in Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus
Send out fibers Cross to the opposite by decussation of medial lemniscus
Ascends as medial lemniscus
Third Neuron
cell bodies are located in the thalamus
send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex
1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
I
II
VPL nucleus
Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
Medial lemniscus
III
Nucleus gracilisNucleus cuneatus
Spinal ganglion
Decussation of medial lemniscus
central thalamic radiations
1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
muscles,tendons,joints and periosteum Peripheral
processes I ipsilateral posterior funiculus of spinal cord
II
Gracile nucleus cuneate nucleus
III
supeior 2/3 of postcentral gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule, Precentral gyrus
central thalamic
radiations
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Spinal ganglion
Central processes
Decussation of medial lemniscus
medial lemniscus
ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
Fasciculus cuneatus
(above T4)
Fasciculus gracilis (below T5)
Receptor for fine touch in skin
Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs
躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路
spinal ganglia
Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn spinothalamic tract
Spinal lemniscus
ventral posterolateral nucleus
central thalamic radiations
I
II
III
Primary Neuron
• Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n.
• Relay sensory input from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord
• Synapses with the secondary neurons in the posterior horn of spinal cord
Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路
Secondary Neuron
located in the Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn of spinal cord
Send out fibers cross to the opposite side through the anterior white commissures and form the spinothalamic tract
Third Neuron
the third neurons located in the thalamus
send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex
Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路
Peripheral processes I
II
III
supeior 2/3 of posterior gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule
central thalamic radiations
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Spinal ganglion
Central processes Posterior root
ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
Skin exteroceptor
Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路
Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn
lateral spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature)anterior spinothalamic tract (simple touch)
Ascending 1 - 2 segments
Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face
头面部痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路
trigeminal ganglion
pontine nucleus of trigeminal n
spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.
Spinal tract of trigeminal n.
trigeminal lemniscus
ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
central thalamic radiations
I
II
III
Peripheral processes
inferior 1/3 of posterior gyrus
central thalamic radiations
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Central processes
ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
Skin and mucosa of head and face
Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face 头面部痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路
trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal n.
Root of trigeminal n.
pontine nucleus of trigeminal n.
spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.
II
trigeminal lemniscus
III
I
2. 非意识性本体感觉传导路
感受器 receptor
肌腱
骨膜
关节
脊神经
(周围突)
脊神经节
第 1 级神经元
后根
中枢突
胸核( C8-L2) 、腰骶膨大Ⅴ—Ⅶ
( 躯干和下肢 ) ,
颈膨大Ⅵ—Ⅶ 层(上肢 . 颈部)
第 2 级神经元
脊髓小脑后束、前束
经小脑下、上脚
cortex of paleocerebellum
旧小脑皮质
Spinal ganglion
(三) visual pathway
视觉传导路:
receptor
cone cell
rod cell
bipolar cell
Lateral geniculate
bodyOptic Radiation Both banks
of calcarine sulcus
Optic n.
Optic chiasma
ganglion cell
Decussation of fibers from nasal halves of retina
Fibers from temporal halves of retina uncrossed
Optic tract
(三) visual pathway 视觉传导路
损伤及表现: ① 视神经损伤: 同侧盲
② 视交叉中部损伤:
双颞侧偏盲
③视交叉外侧部损伤:
同侧眼鼻侧半偏盲
④ 视束、外侧膝状体、视辐射、视中枢损伤:
双眼对侧同向性偏盲
Blindness of eye of corresponding side
bitemporal hemianopia of visual field
Blindness in nasal half of visual field of corresponding side
Homonymous hemianopia of visual field in both eye
Pretectal region
2. pupillary reflexes瞳孔对光反射
retina
Optic n.
Optic chiasma
Optic tract
Brachium of superior colliculus
Pretectal region
accessory nuclei of III
Oculumotot n.
Ciliary ganglion 睫状神经节
Postganglionic fibers 节后纤维
Sphincter pupillae
Contraction of pupil
E-W nucleus
Ciliary ganglion
Oculumotot n.
2. pupillary reflexes 瞳孔对光反射:
损伤及表现:
① 视神经损伤:
患侧瞳孔直接对光反射消失
患侧瞳孔间接对光反射存在
②动眼神经损伤:
患侧瞳孔直接对光反射消失
患侧瞳孔间接对光反射消失
The acoustic(auditory) pathway 听觉传导路
cochlear ganglion
Spiral organ
cochlear nuclei
medial geniculate body
inferior colliculus
acoustic radiation
The acoustic(auditory) pathway 听觉传导路
Spiral organ
cochlear ganglion
Cochlear nerve
cochlear nuclei
Trapezoid body
inferior colliculus
medial geniculate body
acoustic radiation transverse temporal gyriPosterior limb of
internal capsule
Lateral lemniscus
Brachium of inferior colliculus
I
II
VPL nucleus
Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
Medial lemniscus
III
Nucleus gracilisNucleus cuneatus
Spinal ganglion
Decussation of medial lemniscus
central thalamic radiations
spinal ganglia
Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn spinothalamic tract
Spinal lemniscus
ventral posterolateral nucleus
central thalamic radiations
I
II
III
Top Related