The most important aspects related to the acquisition of a FL
1. Oral communicationIt includes listening and
speaking.
Listening It is important because…
- Listening provides a comprehensible input- It is essential for language processing- It’s needed in real life- It allows students to distinguish sounds, stress and intonation patterns.
How can we introduce it in the classroom?
-Using songs and rhymes-Through storytelling-Using listening clips
Speaking Speaking is a complex cognitive process where
listening also plays an important role. The student’s early production of language, whether
this has been naturally acquired or formally instructed, needs accuracy.
Though oral language should be integrate with listening, some further practice is necessary to improve production.
Our aim as teachers is to design procedures to involve students in this oral practice.
Oral communication activities-Oral and meaningful
drills-Oral games for
directives and
questions
-Recordings (making
advertisements,
interviews…)-Discussions-Narrative and speeches-Simulations and role plays
2. Reading Reading in the classroo may serve as a reinforcement of
the oral input. This helps the recognition of the symbol-sound relationships within a given semantic context.
Reading should be encouraged in and out the class. For that, it’s necessary a selection of appropiates texts and activities according to the students’ interests.
-Tasks before reading (present some vocabulary related to the text)
- Tasks during reading (distinguish
the main idea from the support details)- Tasks after reading (summarising
the content or answer comprehension
questions)
3. WritingNot only reinforces the grammatical
structures but also help learners to learn. It can be the natural outlet and consolidation
for other skills It is a useful communication channel
Stages:-Controlled Writing-Guided Writing- Free Writing
Writing activities
Controlled activities:At the word level we deal with vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation. Some activities are:
-Forming words with jumbled letters-Game “Hangman”-Crosswords.
Controlled activities:At sentence and texts level:
-Transformation: singular to plural, present to past…-Punctuating a text-Putting words in the correct position in a sentence.-Jumbled words to form coherent sentences.
Writing activitiesGuided activities:It consists of giving students some guidelines in order to orientate them to writing. Paragraph 1:What is the name of you school?How long have you been here?Paragraph 2:What is the building like?It is new or old?
Free activities:
-Note taking-Writing summaries-Writing essays-Letter writing-Writing reports
Resources to teach a FL.SongsGamesRealiaFlashcardsTechnical resources
Songs Songs are designed to be learned
and repeated by the whole class together. They are also intended to be sung by young children who are at the same time performing the actions described by the words of the song.
Activities with songs:
-Answering questions about the text of a song.-Working with opposites-Reordering the words of a song-Finding words that rhyme
GamesThe use of games help to create context in which the participants find themselves in the position of making meaningful and purposeful use of languageSome Games are:
-Bingo-Word chain-Guess the word-Picture dictation and drawing-Happy families
RealiaReal and simple objects can be used
for teaching new vocabylaro or doing many different activities.
-Follow instructions-Find someone who…-Classify objects
FlashcardsCan be stuck on the classroom walls to
create an atmosphere around the topic we are working around.
-Show the flashcards-Substitution dialogues-Classify the pictures-Picture dictionary
We can also use technical resources that allow teachers to create motivating activities or to find many different resources and activities through the internet.
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