Background: 1700s
0Age of Liberty; more democratic Sweden0Age of Enlightenment; scientific advances0Long period of peace0More effective agriculture (potato)0Fishing industry (herring, salt, fish-oil)0 Ironworks0Manufactures (factories without machines)0Swedish East India Company
Growing population
Industrialisation begins…
0Much later in Sweden than Britain0Similar proto-industries (textile)0Competition from Britain affected Sweden’s ironworks
Industrialisation proper…
01850s: Sawmilling industry in Norrland Export of timber to Britain
01850s: Building of railroads 01870s: Engineering industries Specialisation (LM Ericsson, Bofors)
Consequences…0Britain used up all their iron and coal for the
industrialisation process0Sweden was more rich in natural resources0Polarisation of society
Emergence of very rich people Working classLand-owning farmers Farm workers
0Large number of emigration to USA
Liberal Movement
0Chydenius World’s first law on freedom of press01809 constitution0Liberal party (Folkpartiet) formed in 18950Several liberal groups in parliament joined in 1900
(Liberala samlingspartiet)
Labour Movement
0Working class: bad living- and working conditions
Demands: Minimum wageRegulated working
hoursSocial security
system
0Labour Unions (fackföreningar)0Labour Party (SAP; Socialdemokratiska
arbetarpartiet) formed in 1889
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