By: Claire/Lisa Nixon

Camera Obscura Daguerreotypes Calotypes Film Photography Digital photography

Camera Obscura means dark room in Latin.

Camera Obscura is also known as a pinhole camera

Light rays pass through a tiny hole and recreate themselves upside down on a screen that is placed parallel to the hole.

The Obscura was invented in the 19th century.

The camera obscura was first invented by Ibn al-Haytham, also known as Alhazen, the father of optics.

He was a Muslim scientist, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher.

He was born in Basra, which is present day Iraq, 965 A.D.

He was influenced by Aristotle. Published more than two hundred Latin

books. He died in Cairo, Egypt in 1040 A.D., at the

age of seventy-four.

The heliograph was invented by Frenchman Joseph-Nicephore Niepce.

Niepce was born in 1765 in Chalon-sur-Saône, France. As a child he had a strong interest in chemistry and when as an

adult he became an amateur scientist and inventor. He served as an officer in the French Revolutionary Army. Returns home from war and starts experiments for the

heliograph. Niepce joins Daguerre and together they come up with the

heliograph. Niepce died of a stroke on July 5th, 1833. Louis Daguerre later goes on to invent the Daguerreotype.

Taken in Gras, France.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSyD5-ye1b0

 Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre invented the daguerreotype in 1839.

A daguerreotype is made by treating a silver-coated copper plate with light-sensitive chemicals, exposing it in a camera, and developing it with a mercury vapor.

http://petapixel.com/2013/04/27/photographer-films-beautiful-ode-to-the-process-of-developing-a-daguerreotype/

Born on Nov. 18th, 1787 in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-d’Oise, France.

Daguerre studied architecture, theater design, and panoramic painting. 

In 1829, Daguerre partnered with Joseph Niépce, that lasted until Niépce died four years later.

Daguerre died of heart failure on July 12th, 1851.

A sheet of high-quality paper with salt and a solution of silver nitrate, and the inventor Talbot, found that the paper would darken in the sun.

Calotypes allowed photographers to make multiple prints on one negative.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGCLRng9m5w

Born February 11th 1800 in Melbury, Dorset.

Attended Cambridge in 1817. Talbot was a scientist, botanist,

scholar, and inventor. His lack of drawing caused him to

invent the calotype. He died on September 11th 1877.

Invented in 1880 by George Eastman. Eastman wanted to make photography

more simple, so everyone could enjoy photography not just trained professionals.

The first film camera was introduced in 1888 and cost $25, known as Kodak.

Film with protective lightproof backing paper wound onto a spool.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CY7OeJmwnJ0

Born on July 12th,1854 in Waterville, NY. Dropped out of school at fourteen. Started work as a messenger boy for

an insurance company. He experiment with photography for

three years before opening his own business.

He was an inventor, a marketer, a global visionary, and a philanthropist.

He died on March 14th, 1932.

The first digital camera was invented by Kodak in 1975.

The first camera recorded black and white images, on a cassette tape.

It had 0.1 megapixels, and weighed eight pounds.

It took 23 seconds to record and image onto the cassette tape, using the camera.

Born on July 4th,1950 in Brooklyn, NY.

Worked as an electrical engineer for Kodak.

http://www.lomography.com/magazine/lifestyle/2011/04/13/inventor-portrait-steven-sasson-inventor-of-the-digital-camera

Schwartz, Charles. "About the Camera Obscura." About the Camera Obscura. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013.

Johnson, Howard. "Art Essays #0007 On Philosophy, & Art Philosophy by Contemporary AmericanArtist Howard David Johnson." Weblog post. Art Essays #0007 On Philosophy, & Art Philosophy by Contemporary AmericanArtist Howard David Johnson. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013.

Teresa, Adriana. "FotoVisura Features » History: Louis Daguerre & The Daguerrotype (1838)." FotoVisura Features RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.

"Joseph Nicephore Niepce  - Pione." Joseph Nicephore Niepce  - Pione. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.

"Louis Daguerre." Louis Daguerre. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013. BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. Schaaf, Larry. "Darkest Room | William Henry Fox Talbot." Darkest Room.

N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. Kodak. "George Eastman." George Eastman. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.

Johnson, Howard. "Art Essays #0007 On Philosophy, & Art Philosophy by Contemporary AmericanArtist Howard David Johnson." Weblog post. Art Essays #0007 On Philosophy, & Art Philosophy by Contemporary AmericanArtist Howard David Johnson. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013.

Brightbytesstudio. Wooden Box Camera Obscuras from the Wilgus Collection Page 1. Digital image. Wooden Box Camera Obscuras from the Wilgus Collection Page 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013.

Wright, Patrick R. "A Beautiful Video of the Daguerreotype Process." PetaPixel RSS. N.p., 27 Apr. 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.

"Information for the Press." Current Press Releases · George Eastman House Rochester. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.

Youtube. "How to Load 35mm Film into Development Tank." YouTube. YouTube, 02 Apr. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.

Lomography Is a Passionate Community Dedicated to Analog Photography. The Lomography Shop Stocks a Huge Range of Cameras and Films. Start Your Analog Adventure Today!" Lomography. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.