“The Great War”
What were the causes and effects of “The War to End All Wars”?
Assassination leads to War
• June 28th 1914
• Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Alliances
• France, Russia, Great Britain
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Alliances
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
• Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia
Militarism
Schlieffen Plan
• Defeat Russia Quickly and then turn efforts to France
Battles
Battles• Battle of Frontiers- 1914 Early German victory versus Great
Britain and France• Battle of Tannenberg- 1914 Russians defeated by German
Army• Battle of Marne- 1914 British and French counterattack
pushes German troops back, Germans dig trenches• Italian Front- 1915 Italy enters war against Austria-Hungary• Battle of Verdun- 1916 Germany versus France- over
400,000 casualties• Battle of Somme- 1916 Britain versus Germany- 60,000
British casualties on first day.• Battle of Ypres- 1917 British versus Germany near Belgium
front lines did not change• Gallipoli- Allies versus Ottoman Empire 200,000 casualties• Armenian Massacre- Ottoman Empire practices genocide
against Christian Armenians
Total War
Quiz
• Triple Alliance• Triple Entente• Central Powers• Allied Powers• Gavrilo Princip• Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
• Why did an assassination lead the major European nations into war?
• What was the impact of new types of warfare and new technologies on World War I?
Russia and World War I
What was the significance of the Russian Revolution on World War
I and on World History?
What was Russia’s experience in World War I?
• Bolsheviks vs. Nicholas II
• 6 Million Soldiers• Insufficient Factories• Transportation Issues• Outdated Military• Poor Leadership• Tremendous Costs• Czar takes control• Czarina Alexandra and
Grigory Rasputin
What were the main events of the
Russian Revolution?
• March Revolution 1917- Nicolas II abdicates
• Aleksandr Kerensky leads provisional government
• Bolshevik Revolution- November 1917 called October Revolution from the Old Russian calendar
• Vladimir Lenin in control– No Private Property-
land given to peasants
– Government owned factories given to the workers
What were the main events that took place after the Russian Revolution?
• Leon Trotsky signs treaty ending Russia’s participation in WWI
• Red Army vs White Army/Civil War
• USSR formed in 1922, Lenin dies in 1924
The War Ends
What led to the end of World War I and how was peace achieved?
Why did the United States enter the
war?• Woodrow Wilson- “He
kept us out of war”• Election of 1916• Unrestricted Submarine
Warfare• U-Boats• Lusitania• Zimmerman Note
What events led to the end of the fighting?
• New German Offensive- March 1918
• Second Battle of the Marne
• Armistice
What issues made the peace process difficult?
• 14 Points• Big Four
– Woodrow Wilson– Georges Clemenceau– Vittorio Orlando– David Lloyd George
• Treaty of Versailles– War Guilt Clause– Reparations– Military Limits– League of Nations
• Mandates• Balfour Declaration
What were the costs of war?
• 9 Million soldiers• 13 Million Citizens• Flu epidemic- 50 Million
people• $332 Billion estimated
costs• Austria-Hungary and
ottoman Empire dissolved• Russian Monarchy
overturned• New Countries in Europe
and Middle East• Colonies in Africa and Asia
Quiz
• What was the significance of the Russian Revolution on World War I and on World History?
• What led to the end of World War I and how was peace achieved?
• Bolsheviks• Grigory Rasputin• Vladimir Lenin• Woodrow Wilson• U-Boats• Zimmerman Note• 14 Points• Treaty of Versailles• Balfour Declaration
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