The general structureof bacteria
The uni-cellular organisms Viruses
– Herpes virus, HIV, influenza virus
The procaryotic organisms– Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas
– Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria
The eucaryotic organisms– Candida, Aspergillus, Trichophyton
– Entamoeba, Giardia, Plasmodium, Balantidium
General structure of abacteria
Electron micrography of abacteria cell
The structure of an eucaryotic cell
Comparison of prokaryot og eucaryot cells
with microtubuliwithout microtubuliFlageller
presentlackingEndoplasmaticreticulum
presentlackingGolgi apparatpresentlackingMitochondria
relatively largerelatively smallRibosomes
attached to chromosomes
lackingNucleosomesseveral linearsingle circularChromosomes
presentmanglerNuclear membrane10-100 µm1-10µmsize
EucaryoteProcaryote
Common structures bacteria cell
proteintransfer DNA under conjugation
F or sex pili
DNAextrachromosomal DNAPlasmidsDNAgenetic materialChromosomes
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, salts
reservelager for nærings-stoffer
InclusionsRNA, proteinmake synthesis of proteinsRibosomes
permeabilitets barriere, transport, energy, enzymes
Cytoplasmicmembrane
peptidoglycanprotect, give form, stabilityCell wall
polysaccharidesattachment to surfaces, pro-tection against phagocytosis
Capsule
proteinattachment, protectionPiliproteinmovementFlagelKemisk opbygningFunction
Flagella og pili hos en peritrikbevægelig bakterie
Flagel typer
Flagella of (a) Bacillus cerius, (b) Vibro cholerae and (c)
Bacillus brevis stained withflagel staining
Sex-pili
Electron micrography of flagella in Salmonella
The function af pili/fimbriaein different bactaria
attach til mucous epithelial cells10-20Ps. aeruginosa
attach til mucous epithelial cells, protect against phagocytosis, antigen variability
?Streptococcuspyogenes (fimbriaeand M-protein)
attach til mucous epithelial cellsin the uro-genital tract
100-200N. gonorrhoeae
transfer DNA during conjugation1-4E. coli (F-pili)
attach til mucous epithelial cellsin the intestinal tract
100-200E. coli (alm. pili)
FunctionNo.
Electron micrography of fimbriae and pili
Mucoid colonies produced by abundant capsular production
Cell surface of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and acid-fast
bacilli
Peptido-glycan layer
Peptidoglycan monomer
Function of cytoplasmicmembrane
serve as– an osmotic and permeability barrier
provide place for– transport system for specific substances– specific enzyme systems
provide energi to the cell owing to – respiratory and photosyntetic electron
transport systems synthesize cell wall components
– peptidoglycan, lipids and proteins coordinate
– the replication and separation af DNA– formation of septum and cell division
provide chemotaxi
Bacillus cereus with endospore
Electron micrography of endospore
Difference between vegetative celland endospore
resistantsensitiveMetyleneblåt farveresistantsensitiveLysozyme
highlowResistance againstradiation
highlowResistance againstchemicals and acids
highlowHeat resistant
lackingpresentSynthesis of macromolecules
lackingpresentEnzymes
refractiveNon-refractivemicroscopicappearance
thick spore layer and peptidoglycan wall
Gram-positive cellwall
SurfaceEndosporeVegetativ celle
Different types og spores seen by light microscopy
Bacteriophage transfer its geneticmaterial (DNA) into the bacteria
Electron micrography of a bacteriophage
A bacteriophage seeks out a bacteria
The bacteriophage inject itsgenetic material into the bacteria
The bacteria is destroyed due to the attach of a lysogenic
bacteriofage
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