The French Revolution
The French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZqarUnVpo
Causes of the French revolution People feel restricted by govtThree EstatesRole of ChurchEconomic ConditionsIntellectuals criticizing (The Enlightenment!) Govt does not respond to needs of the peopleLouis XVI, Marie AntoinetteHigher taxes No food for people, famine
Causes of the French RevolutionGovernment faces economic hardshipsWars of Louis XIVParticipation in American RevolutionExcessive spending of MonarchsFamine/lack of foodSocial Classes UnhappyThree EstatesBourgeoisieSans culottesHigh TaxationEstates General
Stages of French Revolution Stage One: Removal of the Ancien Regime AKA Old Regime (1789-1792)
Create new government National Assembly
Stage One ContinuedStorming of the Bastille (July 1789) Womens March to Versailles
Stage One continuedDeclaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
New Constitutionabolish feudalism (serfdom) and slavery
Starts moderate but becomes more radical over time
Declare war against Austria, Prussia
Stage Two: Radicalization 1792-1794Maximillien Robespierre - Reign of TerrorGuillotine
Abolish monarchy/declares republic/executes Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Expansion of French Revolution as an international war
Stage Three: Thermidorian Reaction1794-1799 Attempt to restore order and create a moderate governmentReign of Terror ended July 27th & Robespierre guillotined on July 28, 1794
The Directory
Too little too late leads to rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (r. 1799-1815)
Napoleon BonaparteGeneral in French army during the Revolution
Comes to power in 1799; coup dtat crowns himself emperor in 1804
Two main goals:Improve France internallyCreate a large French Empire in Europe
Internal Changes to FranceNapoleonic Code Civil Equality
Concordat of 1801 Religious tolerance
Widespread education high schools and universities
All citizens pay taxes
BUT: no freedom of the press
Creating a French EmpirePlaced family members and friends in key areas (Spain, parts of Italy and Germany)Russian Campaign marks the failure of Napoleon1814: Exiled to Elba The Hundred Days: NB returns for 100 days as leader of France1815: Exiled to St. Helena
*Controlled everywhere but Great Britain, Ottoman Empire & SwedenConsequences of French Revolution Congress of Vienna (1815)Led by Klemens von Metternich (Austria)Balance of Power Redraws European bordersRise of European Conservatism (keep status quo) Haitian Revolution End of successful French monarchyRise of NationalismLeads to unification of Italy (1860) and Germany (1871)
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