The Endocrine The Endocrine SystemSystem

Glands, Glands, Hormones Hormones

and Whatnotand Whatnot

Glands of the Endocrine Glands of the Endocrine SystemSystem

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System Made up of glands that Made up of glands that

secrete hormones.secrete hormones.

These glands affect These glands affect organs, muscles and other organs, muscles and other glands in the body.glands in the body.

Pineal GlandPineal Gland

Pineal GlandPineal Gland Regulates the bodies daily Regulates the bodies daily

cycles (circadian rhythms) of cycles (circadian rhythms) of sleep/waking.sleep/waking.

Produces the hormone Produces the hormone melatoninmelatonin-released in the dark -released in the dark during sleepduring sleep..

Pineal gland secretes it when Pineal gland secretes it when our eyes register the fall of our eyes register the fall of darknessdarkness..

HypothalamusHypothalamus

HypothalamusHypothalamus Secretes hormones that make other Secretes hormones that make other

endocrine glands secrete their hormones.endocrine glands secrete their hormones. Considered the control center of the Considered the control center of the

endocrine system.endocrine system. Produces two types of hormones:Produces two types of hormones:1)Releasing hormones-1)Releasing hormones-switch on switch on

hormone production.hormone production.

2)Inhibiting hormones-2)Inhibiting hormones-switch off switch off hormone production.hormone production.

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland 2 sections-2 sections-

anterior (front)-anterior (front)-posterior (back).posterior (back).

Considered the Considered the “master gland” of “master gland” of the endocrine the endocrine system.system.

Hormones of the Pituitary Hormones of the Pituitary Gland…Gland…

(FSH) Follicle Stimulating (FSH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone-stimulates the follicle Hormone-stimulates the follicle of the ovaries to release of the ovaries to release estrogen.estrogen.

In males, it helps in the In males, it helps in the production of sperm.production of sperm.

ProlactinProlactin During pregnancy, During pregnancy,

prepares the breasts for prepares the breasts for milk production.milk production.

Human Growth Hormone Human Growth Hormone (HGH)(HGH)

Promotes body growth Promotes body growth (muscles, bones, (muscles, bones, ligaments, etc.)ligaments, etc.)

Hyposecretion=dwarfismHyposecretion=dwarfism

Hypersecretion=gigantisHypersecretion=gigantismm

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

In females-stimulates the In females-stimulates the production of estrogen at production of estrogen at inception of menstruation.inception of menstruation.

Triggers ovulation (release of Triggers ovulation (release of the ovum).the ovum).

In males-produces In males-produces testosterone.testosterone.

Antidiuretic Hormone Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)(ADH)

Acts on the collection ducts Acts on the collection ducts of the kidneys to facilitate of the kidneys to facilitate the reabsorption of water the reabsorption of water into the blood-reducing the into the blood-reducing the volume of urine formed in volume of urine formed in the kidneys.the kidneys.

OxytocinOxytocin Stimulates contraction of the Stimulates contraction of the

uterus during childbirth.uterus during childbirth. Stimulates releasing of milk Stimulates releasing of milk

when babies begin to suckle.when babies begin to suckle. Acts on the amygdala to enhance Acts on the amygdala to enhance

bonding between males and bonding between males and females after they mate.females after they mate.

VasopressinVasopressin Released by the Posterior Released by the Posterior

pituitary.pituitary. Constricts blood vessels and Constricts blood vessels and

raises blood pressureraises blood pressure

ThyroidThyroid

ThyroidThyroid Regulates the body’s growth Regulates the body’s growth

and metabolism.and metabolism.

Produces Produces Thyroxine-Thyroxine-increases increases rate of metabolism and rate of metabolism and increases rate and strength of increases rate and strength of heartbeatheartbeat..

Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands

Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands--Located on the kidneys.Located on the kidneys.

Produce adrenaline and noradrenaline.Produce adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Prepare the body to respond to stress.Prepare the body to respond to stress.

Regulate blood sugar and salt Regulate blood sugar and salt balances, growth of secondary sex balances, growth of secondary sex characteristics.characteristics.

PancreasPancreas

PancreasPancreas Secretes two hormones that go Secretes two hormones that go

directly into the bloodstream:directly into the bloodstream: InsulinInsulin-lowers blood-sugar -lowers blood-sugar

levels and increases the amount levels and increases the amount of glycogen (stored carbs) in the of glycogen (stored carbs) in the liver.liver.

Glucagon-Glucagon-increases blood-increases blood-sugar level if it becomes too low.sugar level if it becomes too low.

PancreasPancreas

Too little insulin=Too little insulin=diabetesdiabetes

Too much insulin-Too much insulin-hypoglycemiahypoglycemia

GonadsGonads

GonadsGonads

OvariesOvaries Produce estrogen.Produce estrogen. Development of breasts.Development of breasts. Widening of the pelvis.Widening of the pelvis. Further development of vagina Further development of vagina

and uterus.and uterus. Growth of pubic hair.Growth of pubic hair. Increase in fat tissue.Increase in fat tissue.

TestesTestes

Produce testosterone which Produce testosterone which aids in sperm production and aids in sperm production and the development of the development of secondary sex secondary sex characteristics (facial hair, characteristics (facial hair, deepening of the voice) in deepening of the voice) in males.males.