The Early Years (1789-1816)The Early Years (1789-1816)
“Hudson River School” style of painting
1790 Census – 4 million (3 million farmers)1790 Census – 4 million (3 million farmers)
Main idea – President Washington transforms the Constitution into a real government.Main idea – President Washington transforms the Constitution into a real government.
I. Washington’s PresidencyI. Washington’s PresidencyWhat do we do? This has never been done before!
The Constitution didn’t spell out a lot of detailsThe Constitution didn’t spell out a lot of details
There were no precedents (prior examples)There were no precedents (prior examples)
Filling in the details…
The Judiciary Act of 1789
The president’s cabinet
Creates the system of Federal Judges, makes federal laws “the supreme Law of the Land”
The group of department heads who serve as the president’s chief advisors
Advise me.
Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson
Likes a strong central government
Distrusts the ‘mob’
Favors development of business, manufacturing and shipping
Republic led by well-educated elite
Distrusts a strong government, and the rich
Supports the ‘plain people’
Favors a society of farmer-citizens
The National Bank DebateThe National Bank Debate
Jefferson, you poor, naïve fool, we need a national bank to issue paper money and take in taxes. Plus, it will make people trust the government more.
Hamilton, you dunce, a national bank will make the government and rich investors too powerful. Oh, and PS…it’s unconstitutional! Congress doesn’t have the power to create a bank!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrxKOO0nKwc
Loose construction of the Constitution
Strict construction of the Constitution
Literal (or strict) interpretation of the language in the Constitution.
Broad (or loose) interpretation of the language of the Constitution, especially the ‘elastic clause’
First Bank of the United States Philadelphia, PA
First Bank of the United States Philadelphia, PA
The Hamiltonians win, and the Bank of the United States is established in 1791
The District of Columbia is designated as the new capital
Moved to the ‘center’ of the country
To make southern states feel more included in the government
in 1790
Philosophy: Liberal Conservative
Economic Ideas:
Favor minimum wages and progressive taxation i.e. higher tax rates for higher income brackets.
Believe taxes shouldn't be increased for anyone (including the wealthy) and that wages should be set by the free market.
Stand on Military issues:
Decreased spending
Increased spending
Stand on gay marriage:
Support (some Democrats disagree)
Oppose (some Republicans disagree)
Social and human ideas:
Based on community and social responsibility
Based on individual rights and justice
Traditionally strong in states:
California, Massachusetts
Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas
Symbol: Donkey Elephant
Democratic Party Republican Party
Events in Europe divide public opinionEvents in Europe divide public opinion
The USA stays neutral during the French Revolution.The USA stays neutral during the French Revolution.
The Northwest TerritoryThe Northwest Territory
Problems - British forts remained, and the Native Americans were British forts remained, and the Native Americans were fighting settlement of the territoryfighting settlement of the territory
The Northwest TerritoryThe Northwest Territory
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) decisive battle between US Army and Native American tribes, ending hostilities with the Native Americans (for the time being…)
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) decisive battle between US Army and Native American tribes, ending hostilities with the Native Americans (for the time being…)
“Mad Anthony” Wayne
Jay’s Treaty (1794) Britain agrees to remove its forts from the Northwest Territory
Jay’s Treaty (1794) Britain agrees to remove its forts from the Northwest Territory
Battle Of Fallen Timbers - YouTubeBattle Of Fallen Timbers - YouTube
The Northwest TerritoryThe Northwest Territory
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Non-Native-American-Nations-http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gifTerritorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif
Washington’s Farewell AddressWarns against the Party System, and foreign alliances
We must be unified at home and independent abroad.
John Adams becomes the second president 1797John Adams becomes the second president 1797
He’s a federalist, from Massachusetts
Sectionalism Placing the interests of your own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole
1860
1990
Nullification is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.
Thomas Jefferson becomes president - 1801
Jefferson simplified the presidency, tried to shrink the government and expanded the size of the country
About Sally Hemings - YouTube
Loose construction of the Constitution
Strict construction of the Constitution
Literal (or strict) interpretation of the language in the Constitution.
Broad (or loose) interpretation of the language of the Constitution, especially the ‘elastic clause’
Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. MadisonThe Supreme Court rules that it has the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional (known as ‘judicial review’)
I must find a way to buy that land from Napoleon…
So much for “strict construction”…So much for “strict construction”…
War of 1812 Grievances against Britain - Impressment of U.S. sailors
Interference with Indian uprisings
Seizing American ships
Tecumseh
War of 1812 Quotes “We have met the enemy and they are ours”
“Don’t give up the ship”
The Star Spangled Banner
“Old Hickory” (Andrew Jackson)
War of 1812
Results of the warResults of the warConfirmed American independenceConfirmed American independence
Strengthened nationalism/our national identityStrengthened nationalism/our national identity
New heroesNew heroes
A military drawA military draw
After the Revolutionary War, was a period of lively land speculation in western New York. In 1794, John Watkins and Royal Flint became land agents, and received from New York State a patent for land south of the Military Tract which had been set aside for use as payment to Revolutionary War soldiers. The patent consisted of 336,000 acres in twelve townships, at $.40 an acre, and included the area that is now Newfield. What would later become Newfield village was part of the Thomas Livingston purchase from Watkins-Flint.
Land in the area typically sold for $3.00 to $4.00 an acre, paid in equal installments over a number (usually four) of years. The deed would not be recorded until the price was paid in full. In those early years, cash was hard to come by and the economy was based on barter. Very often, the purchaser would fail to make his payments and would forfeit the money already paid and title to the land would revert to the seller. In fact, only one such sale was officially recorded before 1822.
The first settler was James Thomas in Poney Hollow in about 1800.
About the same time, though they remained residents of Ithaca, the Dean family settled what is now the West Branch of Cayuga Inlet, and were founders of the present village on the site of an Indian village named “Three Springs” (near the corner of Main Street and Shaffer Road). The Deans were investors from Ithaca, and their settlement was called “Florence”.
A mill was constructed behind where the town hall is presently located, and another mill at the intersection of Mill Street and Depot Road.
In the first decade, a saw mill (1809) and then a grist mill (1811) were erected along the stream. The walls that can be seen today behind the town hall were from mills that were constructed somewhat later – probably around 1830. There was also a hotel and tavern operated by Jeremiah Hall. There was no bridge until 1812 and the roads were little better than improved Indian trails. As a result, agricultural activity in the township was mostly subsistence farming. Generally, settlers at the lower altitudes had better land and a longer growing season than those in the hills. There was no easy way at that time to transport products (or people) to other places.
Life was quite different in those early years. Mail was carried between Ithaca and Elmira once a week on horseback, weather permitting. Most of the structures were made of logs. Perhaps the biggest threats to livestock were the numerous wolves. Bears and rattlesnakes were common, too. There was a log schoolhouse, but no churches, and residents had to rely on infrequent visits by circuit preachers.
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