THE CARRIAGE BY SEA OF VEGETABLE OILS.

HOW TO IMPROVE THE SAFEGUARD OF HUMAN HEALTH, THE QUALITY

OF THE OILS AND MINIMIZE LOSSES

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THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS SPEECH

1) A brief introduction on the rise of the world demand for Vegoil, both from the food industry and from the fuel industry side: the reasons for that and the economical /environmental consequences;

2) The International rules for the safe carriage of Vegoil intended for the human consumption;

3) The importance of a proper inspection of the condition of the cargo and of the ship at the load port;

4) The effects of a cargo contamination by water and/or by heavy metals and/or by other noxious substances;

5) The consequences of contaminations by noxious materials to Vegoils intended for the fuel industry;

6) The collateral effects provoked by the presence of pirates in the Indian Ocean.

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MAIN REASONS FOR THE INCREASING IN THE WORLDWIDE CONSUMPTION OF VEGOILS

• The raising consciousness of the positive effects for the human

health deriving from the consumption of Vegetable Oils other than Animal Fats;

• The rapid improvement of the way of living in countries like China and India with the consequent access to the consumption of Vegetable Oils by hundreds of millions of persons;

• The development of the biofuels markets, especially in the US and in the EU.

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Figure 1

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Figure 2

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Main routes for Vegoil trading

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INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR SAFE CARRIAGE OF VEGOIL INTENDED FOR THE HUMAN CONSUPTION

• NIOP and FOSFA

• The compatibility between the previous cargoes carried by the ship and the incoming cargo of edible oil;

• The "materials" used for the carriage and/or the storage and their compatibility with the edible oils.

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MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH CARGO DURING THE CARRIAGE BY SEA

• Bare Mild Steel

• Epoxy Coating

• Stainless Steel

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THE IMPORTANCE OF A PROPER INSPECTION OF THE CONDITION OF THE CARGO AT THE LOAD PORT

• The Free Fatty Acid Content

• The Iodine Value

• The Moisture Content

• The Impurities and the Non-Volatile Matters Content

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TANK CLEANING

• Washing with fresh water

• Draining

• Mopping

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EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION BY WATER AND HEAVY METALS

• Excess water contents produce increase of Acidity

• Contact with heavy metals may turn in the release of toxic elements

• Residues of toxic elements and/or noxious previous cargoes can destroy a cargo of Vegoil

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VEGOIL USED FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY AND BIOFUELS

• Palm Oil can be burnt for direct production of electricity

• The presence of noxious components can damage the environment

• Several tests must be performed before allowing the burning of Palm Oil

• Noxious/contaminant agents can interfere with the reaction for the production of Biodiesel

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PIRACY – COLLATERAL EFFECTS

• Prolonged stay on board the ships can damage the cargo

• The re-heating must be done with care for avoiding further damages

• Alternative, longest routes are followed for avoiding the areas where the pirates operate

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