Swiss neutrino meeting
The Beta-beamhttp://cern.ch/beta-beam/
Mats Lindroos on behalf of
The beta-beam study group
Swiss neutrino meeting
Collaborators• The beta-beam study group:
– CEA, France: Jacques Bouchez, Saclay, Paris Olivier Napoly, Saclay, Paris Jacques Payet, Saclay, Paris
– CERN, Switzerland: Michael Benedikt, AB Peter Butler, EP Roland Garoby, AB Steven Hancock, AB Ulli Koester, EP Mats Lindroos, AB Matteo Magistris, TIS Thomas Nilsson, EP Fredrik Wenander, AB
– Geneva University, Switzerland: Alain Blondel Simone Gilardoni– GSI, Germany: Oliver Boine-Frankenheim B. Franzke R. Hollinger
Markus Steck Peter Spiller Helmuth Weick – IFIC, Valencia: Jordi Burguet, Juan-Jose Gomez-Cadenas, Pilar
Hernandez, Jose Bernabeu – IN2P3, France: Bernard Laune, Orsay, Paris Alex Mueller, Orsay, Paris
Pascal Sortais, Grenoble Antonio Villari, GANIL, CAEN Cristina Volpe, Orsay, Paris
– INFN, Italy: Alberto Facco, Legnaro Mauro Mezzetto, Padua Vittorio Palladino, Napoli Andrea Pisent, Legnaro Piero Zucchelli, Sezione di Ferrara
– Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium: Thierry Delbar Guido Ryckewaert – UK: Marielle Chartier, Liverpool university Chris Prior, RAL and Oxford
university – Uppsala university, The Svedberg laboratory, Sweden: Dag
Reistad – Associate: Rick Baartman, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada Andreas
Jansson, Fermi lab, USA, Mike Zisman, LBL, USA
Swiss neutrino meeting
The beta-beam
• Idea by Piero Zucchelli– A novel concept for a neutrino factory: the
beta-beam, Phys. Let. B, 532 (2002) 166-172
• The CERN base line scenario– Avoid anything that requires a “technology
jump” which would cost time and money (and be risky)
– Make use of a maximum of the existing infrastructure
– If possible find an “existing” detector site
Swiss neutrino meeting
CERN: -beam
baseline scenario
PS
Decay
RingISOL target & Ion source
SPL
Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG
Decay ring
Brho = 1500 Tm
B = 5 T
Lss = 2500 m
SPS
ECR
Rapid cycling synchrotron
MeV 86.1 Average
MeV 937.1 Average
189
1810
63
62
cms
cms
E
eFeNe
E
eLiHe
Nuclear Physics
,
,
Swiss neutrino meeting
Target values for the decay
ring18Neon10+ (single target)
– In decay ring: 4.5x1012 ions
– Energy: 55 GeV/u– Rel. gamma: 60– Rigidity: 335 Tm
• The neutrino beam at the experiment should have the “time stamp” of the circulating beam in the decay ring.
• The beam has to be concentrated to as few and as short bunches as possible to maximize the number of ions/nanosecond. (background suppression), aim for a duty factor of 10-4
6Helium2+
– In Decay ring: 1.0x1014 ions – Energy: 139 GeV/u– Rel. gamma: 150– Rigidity: 1500 Tm
Swiss neutrino meeting
ISOL production
1 GeV p
p n
2 3 8
U
2 0 1
F r
+ spallation
1 1
L i X
+ + fragmentation
1 4 3
C s Y
+ + fission
Swiss neutrino meeting
Layout very similar to planned EURISOL converter target aiming for 1015 fissions per s.
66He production by He production by 99Be(n,Be(n,))
Converter technology: (J. Nolen, NPA 701 (2002) 312c)
Courtesy of Will Talbert, Mahlon Wilson (Los Alamaos) and Dave Ross (TRIUMF)
Swiss neutrino meeting
Scenario 1Scenario 1
• Spallation of close-by target nuclides:18,19Ne from MgO and 34,35Ar in CaO
– Production rate for 18Ne is 1x1012 s-1 (with 2.2 GeV 100 A proton
beam, cross-sections of some mb and a 1 m long oxide target of 10%
theoretical density)
– 19Ne can be produced with one order of magnitude higher intensity
but the half life is 17 seconds!
Scenario 2Scenario 2
• alternatively use (,n) and (3He,n) reactions:
12C(3,4He,n)14,15O, 16O(3,4He,n)18,19Ne, 32S(3,4He,n)34,35Ar
– Intense 3,4He beams of 10-100 mA 50 MeV are required
Production of Production of ++ emitters emitters
Swiss neutrino meeting
60-90 GHz « ECR Duoplasmatron » for
pre-bunching of gaseous RIB
Very high densitymagnetized plasma
ne ~ 1014 cm-3
2.0 – 3.0 T pulsed coils or SC coils
60-90 GHz / 10-100 KW10 –200 µs / = 6-3 mm
optical axial coupling
optical radial coupling(if gas only)
1-3 mm100 KV
extractionUHF windowor « glass » chamber (?)
Target
Rapid pulsed valve
20 – 100 µs20 – 200 mA
1012 to 1013 ions per bunchwith high efficiency
Very small plasmachamber ~ 20 mm / L ~ 5 cm
Arbitrary distanceif gas
Moriond meeting:
Pascal Sortais et al.
LPSC-Grenoble
Swiss neutrino meeting
Overview:
Accumulation
• Sequential filling of 16 buckets in the PS from the storage ring
Swiss neutrino meeting
SPS
Stacking in the Decay ring
• Ejection to matched dispersion trajectory
• Asymmetric bunch merging
SPSSPSSPS
SPSSPSSPS
SPS SPS
Swiss neutrino meeting
Asymmetric bunch merging
Swiss neutrino meeting
Asymmetric bunch
merging
60 40 20 0 20 40 60ns
4
2
0
2
4
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
A
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 5 10 15 20 25Iterations
0
8.17 1011
esVe
rms 0.0585 eVs BF 0.16
matched 0.298 eVs Ne 1.57 1011
2 prmsp 1.2 103 fs0;1 822;790 Hz
60 40 20 0 20 40 60ns
4
2
0
2
4
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
A
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 5 10 15 20 25Iterations
0
8.1 1011
esVe
rms 0.0639 eVs BF 0.168
matched 0.323 eVs Ne 1.6 1011
2 prmsp 1.25 103 fs0;1 823;790 Hz
125 100 75 50 25 0 25 50ns7.5
5
2.5
0
2.5
5
7.5
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
A
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 5 10 15 20 25Iterations
0
8.52 1011
esVe
rms 0.0583 eVs BF 0.14
matched 0.317 eVs Ne 1.63 1011
2 prmsp 1.34 103 fs0;1 0;1060 Hz
100 75 50 25 0 25 50 75ns4
2
0
2
4
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
A
6014
5014
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 10 20 30 40 50Iterations
0
8.16 1011
esVe
rms 0.0593 eVs BF 0.224
matched 0.333 eVs Ne 1.56 1011
2 prmsp 8.5 104 fs0;1 0;415 Hz(S. Hancock, M. Benedikt and J,-
L.Vallet, A proof of principle of asymmteric bunch pair merging, AB-note-2003-080 MD)
Swiss neutrino meeting
Decay losses• Losses during acceleration are being
studied:– Full FLUKA simulations in progress for all
stages (M. Magistris and M. Silari, Parameters of radiological interest for a beta-beam decay ring, TIS-2003-017-RP-TN)
– Preliminary results:• Can be managed in low energy part• PS will be heavily activated
– New fast cycling PS?• SPS OK!• Full FLUKA simulations of decay ring losses:
– Tritium and Sodium production surrounding rock well below national limits
– Reasonable requirements of concreting of tunnel walls to enable decommissioning of the tunnel and fixation of Tritium and Sodium
Swiss neutrino meeting
SC magnets• Dipoles can be built
with no coils in the path of the decaying particles to minimize peak power density in superconductor– The losses have been
simulated and one possible dipole design has been proposed
S. Russenschuck, CERN
Swiss neutrino meeting
Tunnels and Magnets• Civil engineering costs: Estimate of 400 MCHF for 1.3%
incline (13.9 mrad)– Ringlenth: 6850 m, Radius=300 m, Straight sections=2500 m
• Magnet cost: First estimate at 100 MCHF
FLUKA simulated losses in surrounding rock (no public health implications)
Swiss neutrino meeting
IntensitiesStage 6He 18Ne (single
target)
From ECR source: 2.0x1013 ions per second
0.8x1011 ions per second
Storage ring: 1.0x1012 ions per bunch
4.1x1010 ions per bunch
Fast cycling synch: 1.0x1012 ion per bunch 4.1x1010 ion per bunch
PS after acceleration:
1.0x1013 ions per batch 5.2x1011 ions per batch
SPS after acceleration:
0.9x1013 ions per batch 4.9x1011 ions per batch
Decay ring: 2.0x1014 ions in four 10 ns long bunch
9.1x1012 ions in four 10 ns long bunch
Only -decay losses accounted for, add efficiency losses (50%)
Swiss neutrino meeting
Low energy beta-
beam• The proposal
– To exploit the beta-beam concept to produce intense and pure low-energy neutrino beams (C. Volpe, hep-ph/0303222, To appear in Journ. Phys. G. 30(2004)L1)
• Physics potential– Neutrino-nucleus interaction
studies for particle, nuclear physics, astrophysics (nucleosynthesis)
– Neutrino properties, like n magnetic moment
N
boost
6HeBeta-beam
6He 6Li+e+e QMeV
eee
eE
T
6He
Swiss neutrino meeting
(J. Serreau and C. Volpe, hep-ph/0403293, submitted to Phys. Rev. D.)
Small RingLarge Ring
2577982645103707 7922
94531956
e + 208Pb
e + Nucleus
e + 16O
e + D
Events/year for =14
Small Ring : Lss = 150 m, Ltot = 450 m.Large Ring :Lss = 2.5 km, Ltot = 7.5 km
Neutrino Fluxes
Neutrino-nucleus Interaction Rates
at a Low-energy Beta-beam Facility
CERN
GANIL
(EURISOL)
GSI
Intensities Detectors
1012 /s 1 4
1013 /s 1-100
109 /s 1-10 4andClosedetector
4andClosedetector
Autin et al,J.Phys. (2003).
H. Weick (GSI)
A. Villari (GANIL)
Swiss neutrino meeting
R&D (improvements)
• Production of RIB (intensity)– Simulations (GEANT, FLUKA)– Target design, only 100 kW primary proton beam in present design– Accumulation scenario
• Acceleration and storgae– FFAG versa linac/storage ring/RCS– Two types of ions in the ring
• Tracking studies (intensity)– Loss management
• Superconducting dipoles ( of neutrinos)– Pulsed for new PS/SPS (GSI FAIR)– High field dipoles for decay ring to reduce arc length– Radiation hardness (Super FRS)
SPLISOL Target + ECR
Linac, cyclotron or FFAG
Rapidcycling
synchrotronPS SPS
Decay ring
Swiss neutrino meeting
The EURISOL concept
Swiss neutrino meeting
EURISOL DS• Physics, beams and safety
– Physics and instrumentation (Liverpool)– Beam intensity calculations (GSI)– Safety and radioprotection (Saclay)
• Accelerators : Synergies with HIPPI (CARE)– Proton accelerator design (INFN Legnaro)– Heavy ion accelerator design (GANIL)– SC cavity development (IPN Orsay): SC cavity prototypes
and multipurpose cryomodule• Targets and ion sources : Synergies with
spallation sources– Multi-MW target station (CERN, PSI) : mercury converter– Direct target (CERN) : Several target-ion source prototypes– Fission target (INFN Legnaro) : UCx target
• Beta-Beam : Synergies with BENE– Beam preparation (Jyväskylä) : 60 GHz ECR source– Beta-beam aspects (CERN)
Swiss neutrino meeting
EURISOL DS
Swiss neutrino meeting
Design Study
EURISOLBeta-beam Coordination
Beta-beam parameter group Above 100 MeV/u
Targets (PSI)60 GHz ECR
Low energy beta-beamAnd many more…
USERSFrejus
Gran SassoHigh GammaAstro-Physics
Nuclear Physics(, intensity and
duty factor)
OTHER LABSTRIUMF
FFAGTracking
CollimatorsUS studyNeutrino
Factory DS
Conceptual Design # with price ### M€
Swiss neutrino meeting
• A boost for radioactive nuclear beams
• A boost for neutrino physics
boost
6HeBeta-beam
A EURISOL/beta-beam facility at CERN!
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