Big SixBig Six
Philip Randolph- socialist that Philip Randolph- socialist that challenged FDRchallenged FDR
John Farmer – founder of COREJohn Farmer – founder of CORE Ray Wilkins- director of NAACP in the Ray Wilkins- director of NAACP in the
50s50s MLK – leader of SCLCMLK – leader of SCLC John Lewis- SNCC presidentJohn Lewis- SNCC president Whitney Young- leader of the National Whitney Young- leader of the National
Urban LeagueUrban League
Leading to the Civil Rights Leading to the Civil Rights MovementMovement
TrumanTruman Desegregate militaryDesegregate military Add civil rights to Democratic Add civil rights to Democratic
programprogram Larger urban black middle classLarger urban black middle class Discrimination in the U.S hurt Discrimination in the U.S hurt
the propaganda against the propaganda against CommunistsCommunists
Black veterans in WWII fought Black veterans in WWII fought racism aboard, dedicated to racism aboard, dedicated to fight at homefight at home
Not share in postwar prosperityNot share in postwar prosperity Symbolic breakthroughSymbolic breakthrough
Jackie Robinson (1947)Jackie Robinson (1947)
Jackie Jackie RobinsonRobinson
Court CasesCourt Cases Smith v Allwright (1944)Smith v Allwright (1944)
Attack “separate but equal” Attack “separate but equal” Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Southern ManifestoSouthern Manifesto
Thurgood Marshall
Mrs. Brown and Linda Brown
Black ActivismBlack Activism From the courts to the streetsFrom the courts to the streets 1946- integrate interstate1946- integrate interstate 1955- Montg. intrastate1955- Montg. intrastate
Claudette Colvin
Irene Morgan
Rosa Parks
CRMCRM Non violence, Civil disobedience, IntegrationNon violence, Civil disobedience, Integration SCLC, SNCC, CORESCLC, SNCC, CORE Social- Integration in schools, later other Social- Integration in schools, later other
places. Gains- CRA 64places. Gains- CRA 64 Montg Bus Boycott (SCLC), Greensboro (SNCC), Montg Bus Boycott (SCLC), Greensboro (SNCC),
Freedom Rides (CORE), Little Rock Nine, Meredith, Freedom Rides (CORE), Little Rock Nine, Meredith, Wade ins, Sleep ins, Birmingham demo (SCLC), Wade ins, Sleep ins, Birmingham demo (SCLC), March on Washington (SCLC- to pass CRA 64)March on Washington (SCLC- to pass CRA 64)
Political- Voting. Gains- Voting Rights Act; 24Political- Voting. Gains- Voting Rights Act; 24thth AmendmentAmendment Freedom Summer (CORE), Selma March (SCLC)Freedom Summer (CORE), Selma March (SCLC)
A Dream Deferredby Langston Hughes
What happens to a dream
deferred?Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore--
And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?
Change in MovementChange in Movement 4 Little Girls (1963)4 Little Girls (1963) No gains made in CRM for No gains made in CRM for
Northern blacks Northern blacks economicallyeconomically
FYI FYI “Each time the people…saw Martin “Each time the people…saw Martin Luther King get slapped, they Luther King get slapped, they became angry; when they saw four became angry; when they saw four little black girls bombed to death, little black girls bombed to death, they were angrier; and when nothing they were angrier; and when nothing happened, they were steaming. We happened, they were steaming. We had nothing to offer that they could had nothing to offer that they could see, except to go out and be beaten see, except to go out and be beaten again. We helped to build their again. We helped to build their frustration.”frustration.”
- Stokely Carmichael- Stokely Carmichael
Old Movement: South, voter registration and segregation. New Movement: North, poverty, unemployment, housing, police brutality
Medgar Evers
Characteristics of the Characteristics of the BPMBPM
MilitancyMilitancy RiotsRiots SeparatismSeparatism Black Pride and Political Black Pride and Political
and and EconomicEconomic EmpowermentEmpowerment Afros, dashikis, “black Afros, dashikis, “black
names”names” Adopting term “black”Adopting term “black”
“Say it loud- I’m black and I’m proud!”
-James Brown
Major LeadersMajor Leaders Stokely Carmichael Stokely Carmichael
(SNCC)(SNCC) Switched from non Switched from non
violent tacticsviolent tactics
Huey
Malcolm
Riots Kerner Report
White racism to blame for rioting
De facto segregation still exists
U.S becoming “two societies, one black, one white- separate and unequal”
Govt. not address social and economic needs
Unless, implement govt. programs riots will continue
The Long Hot SummerThe Long Hot Summer
WATTS- 1965
Detroit - 1967Detroit - 1967
Summary: Let’s Break It DownSummary: Let’s Break It Down
ReconstructionReconstruction SocialSocial
Black Codes, 13Black Codes, 13thth and 14 and 14thth Amendment, Jim Crow, Amendment, Jim Crow, Plessy, lynching, lack of Plessy, lynching, lack of educationeducation
EconomicEconomic 40 acres and a mule, 40 acres and a mule,
sharecrop, tenant, lack of sharecrop, tenant, lack of land redistributionland redistribution
PoliticalPolitical 1515thth Amendment, poll tax, Amendment, poll tax,
literacy test, grandfather literacy test, grandfather clause, Force Act (weak)clause, Force Act (weak)
Changes?Changes? Troops and executive Troops and executive
branch executesbranch executes Still, can’t change Still, can’t change
mindsetmindset Assassinations, Assassinations,
bombings, Kerner Report, bombings, Kerner Report, de facto segregationde facto segregation
One more shot by govtOne more shot by govt Great Society, War on Great Society, War on
Poverty, affirmative Poverty, affirmative actionaction
Women’s MovementWomen’s Movement NOWNOW
Goals:Goals: Equal pay, Protection from Equal pay, Protection from
discrimination, Legalization of discrimination, Legalization of abortionabortion
GainsGains Roe v WadeRoe v Wade Title IX (CRA 64)Title IX (CRA 64)
Prohibits discrimination in schoolProhibits discrimination in school Girl sports; integrated sportsGirl sports; integrated sports
Still…Still… No Equal payNo Equal pay ““Glass Ceiling”Glass Ceiling”
American Indian Movement (1968)American Indian Movement (1968)
Worst off of minoritiesWorst off of minorities Claim AlcatrazClaim Alcatraz GainsGains
Indian Self Indian Self Determination Act of 75Determination Act of 75
Reservations have Reservations have greater control over greater control over internal programs, internal programs, education, law education, law enforcement (autonomy)enforcement (autonomy)
CasinosCasinos Compensation for Compensation for
treaty violationstreaty violations
Latino Activism 1970s – 12 mill illegal foreigners New arrivals in Midwest and East
from PR, Cuba, and Central and South America
2000s- Hispanics largest minority group
Gains Boycotts and Unionizing
Cesar Chavez Bilingual classes 1980s public office
Gay Liberation MovementGay Liberation Movement
Stonewall Inn raid Stonewall Inn raid (69)(69)
Harvey MilkHarvey Milk No longer classified No longer classified
as a mental illnessas a mental illness Gains in the 90’sGains in the 90’s
Warren Court (1953-69)Warren Court (1953-69) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) ruled that illegally seized evidence Mapp v. Ohio (1961) ruled that illegally seized evidence
cannot be used in court against the accused. cannot be used in court against the accused. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) required that state courts Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) required that state courts
provide counsel for poor defendants.provide counsel for poor defendants. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) required the police to inform an Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) required the police to inform an
arrested person of his or her right to remain silent. arrested person of his or her right to remain silent. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) extended the ruling in Escobedo Miranda v. Arizona (1966) extended the ruling in Escobedo
to include the right to a lawyer being present during to include the right to a lawyer being present during questioning by the police. questioning by the police.
Baker v. Carr (1962) principle of “one man, one vote,” Baker v. Carr (1962) principle of “one man, one vote,” election districts would have to be redrawn to provide election districts would have to be redrawn to provide equal representation (gerrymandering)equal representation (gerrymandering)
EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE ONE OF THE QUESTIONS BELOW!!
Compare and contrast U.S society in the 1920s and 1950s with respect to race relations Directions: Construct a venn diagram. Fill it in with 6 pts of o.i.
Make sure you give contrast and compare. “Between 1960 and 1975, there was great progress in the struggle
for political and social equality.” Assess the validity of this statement with respect to TWO
• African Americans • Native Americans• Women • Latinos
Directions: Part One: Mostly, somewhat, or barely. Part Two: 3 pts of o.i for each group. Analysis must prove your argument of mostly, somewhat or barely
Compare and contrastCompare and contrast the women’s rights movement of the the women’s rights movement of the 1840s–1860s with the women’s rights movement of the 1960s–1840s–1860s with the women’s rights movement of the 1960s–1980s. 1980s. DirectionsDirections:: Construct a venn diagram. Fill it in with 6 pts of o.i.
Make sure you give contrast and compare.
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