Terminology of Medical Disciplines
To understand disease causes, effects, prevention, and treatment . . . it is
necessary to understand the language!
The “Ologies” and More
• 1. Anatomy
• the structure of living things
• 1a. Gross Anatomy
• the study of features observed with the naked eye
• 1b. Histology
• the of anatomical features with the assistance of a microscope
The “Ologies” and More
• 2. Physiology
• the activities of living things; how they occur
• 3. Embryology
• the development of the embryo in-utero
The “Ologies” and More
• 4. Microbiology
• study of microscopic organisms
– 4a. Bacteriology
– 4b. Virology
The “Ologies” and More
• 5. Electronmicroscopy
• study of organisms using a electron micro.
• 6. Immunology
• study of immunity and it factors
The “Ologies” and More
• 7. Pathology
• study of disease
• 7a. Gross pathology = unaided eye
• 7b. Histopathology = disease of tissues
• 7c. Pathophysiology = mechanisms of disease production
• 7d. Clinical pathology = disease causes utilizing certain laboratory methods
Medical Terms
• Disease
• ‘not at ease’; deviation from the norm
• Etiology
• study of the cause of the disease
• Diagnosis
• determine the nature and cause of disease
Medical Terms
• Prognosis
• forecast of “probable” outcome or results of having a disease
• Morbidity
• ratio of sick animals to well (%age)
• Mortality
• death rate (%age)
Medical Terms
• Pathogen• disease causing agent
• Pathogenesis• development of the disease, “process”
• Prophylaxis• prevention of disease
Medical Terms
• Pathognomonic
• an alteration that indicates “without doubt” the cause of a particular disease
• i.e. Negri bodies in the hippocampus
• Lesion
• a morphologic change in tissue caused be a disease process
Medical Terms
• Necropsy
• the examine a dead animal (Post Mortem)
• Symptom
• a clinical sign “evidence” (lameness, swell)
• Acute
• a rapid onset with sever pain
• Chronic
• persisting over a long period of time
General Body Compartments
• Cranial cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominal cavity (peritoneum)
• Pelvic cavity
Digestive Systemconverts substances to simpler ones
• Contains . . .
• Digestive tract
• Salivary glands
• Liver (Hepatic)
• Pancreas
Respiratory Systemprovides oxygen so energy can occur
• Nasal or Oral cavity
• Pharynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Alveoli
Circulatory Systemcarry products of digestion and
respiration all over the body• Heart
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
• Tissue fluid
• Lymphatic fluid
Nervous Systemspecialized to coordinate body activity
• CNS– Brain– Spinal cord
• PNS– cranial nerves– spinal nerves
Reproductive Systemresponsible for perpetuation of species
• Pituitary hormones• Gonadal hormones• Sexual parts
• Endocrine System– not a “system”, but works together via hormonal
action from ductless glands to coordinate activities with nervous system
– What is Endocrenology?
Prefixes and Suffixes
• A, An• Ab• Aero• Ambi• Anero• Angio• Ante• Anti
• Arthro• Auto• Bi• Brady• Broncho• Carcino• Cardio• Cephalo
Prefixes and Suffixes
• Cide• Cutaneous• Cryo• Crypto• Cyte• Derm• Dys• Ecto
• Emia• Encephalo• Endo• Entero• Epi• Galacto• Gastro• Glyco
Prefixes and Suffixes
• Hema• Hepato• Hetero• Histo• Homo• Hyper• Hydro• Hypo
• Inter• Intra• In-utero• In-vitro• In-vivo• Iso• Itis• Leuco
Prefixes and Suffixes
• Lysis• Macro• Mal• Mania• Mast• Metri• Micro• Myco
• Myo• Necro• Neo• Nephro• Neuro• Non• Ology• Oma
Prefixes and Suffixes
• Opthalmo• Os• Oscopy• Osis• Osteo• Otomy• Paresis• Partum
• Pathy• Per os• Peri• Phage• Phobia• Pnea• Pneumo• Poly
Prefixes and Suffixes
• Post• Pre• Pulmo• Pyelo• Pyo=purulent• Renal• Rhino• Septic
• Sero• Stasis• Stoma• Sub• Thermo• Tox• Tracheo• Uni
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