Technology transfer – changes in the materials and containers used to store and transport
wine
By Sam Bloxham
5000BC-KwevriA Georgian clay jar.Were burried in the ground with a protruding
neck.Stored wine during fermentation (Vinosseur,
2010). Approximately 200L (Kurtiashvili , & Rose,
2006)
Kwevri, (Image from: Vinosseur, 2010)
4800BC- AmphoraMade from clay. Characterised by their narrow
neck and two handles (Amphora, 2011).
Used to store wineUsed to transport wine. Were placed closely on ships
with rope through the handles to hold them together (Amphora, 2011).
Amphora, (Image from Amphora, 2011)
350BC-BarrelsMade from rounded (moulded) oakCould be rolled and stackedUsed from fermentation through to transportMost convenient form of transportation until
the 19th century.
Oak wine barrels (Myrddin Barrel Club, n.d)
1600AD- Glass BottlesInitially used for wine to be immediately
consumed.1600AD Pigmented glass added weight. Became used to store wine with a cork
stopper. 1800ADCylindrical bottles were then made
for easier storage (McAdams, 2006).
1630AD
1640AD
1700AD 1730AD
1820AD
1780ADThe evolution of wine bottle shapes (Evolution of shapes, n.d).
Transporting environmentWine is perishable, for long life transporting
conditions must be maintainedIdeal temperature must be maintained
13-16°CHumidity should remain constant
70%Wine movement should be minimalClimate controlled containers used for
transporting to minimise fluctuations in environment
Modern methods for transporting wineBulk wine transport
ISO tanksFlexitanks
Pre-packaged wine transportBottled
ISO Tank containersFood grade tanks transport wine
internationally on ships. Ullage must be left in tanks.Wine must be stable before transportation to
reduce risk of oxidation.20,000L of wine per ISO
tank
Tank containers (Tank container logistics, 2011)
FlexitanksBladders that line the inside of containersUsed once to reduce contamination.Recyclable plastic24,000L of wine per flexitank
Bottled wineFragile glass can be broken during transportPackaging materials must be incorporatedWine is able to be sold once at destination1400 bottles per container
Cardboard dividers (http://www.smartpackagingstore.co.uk/acatalog/15%20Bottle%20Budget%20-%20Transit%20Pack.jpg)
Polystyrene packaging (http://www.smartpackagingstore.co.uk/acatalog/PolySafe_Bottle_Protection.html)
Moulded pulp (http://xiangzhi-molded-pulp-packaging.tradenote.net/product/661296-Wine-Shipper-Bottle.html)
Bulk vs. bottledBulk
Limited lost spaceCost efficientOxidation occurs
throughout entire product
Pre-packaged Lower volume per
containerMore costlyOxidation can be
limited
Future challengesTo reduce CO2 emissions To use recyclable materialsBulk transportationTo commit to trading schemes
Reference Ampohra. (2011). Retrieved 3 August 2011, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphora Evolution of shapes. (n.d.). retrieved 12 August 2011, from:
http://home.vicnet.net.au/~pwguild/a-botls.htm History of wine. (2011). Retrieved 7 August 2011, from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wine Kurtiashvili, O., & Rose, B. (2006, Janurary). Grapegrowing, on Georgian wine:an
introduction. The Australian and New Zealand Grapegrower and winemaker, 23-24 McAdams, C. (2006) Wine sediments. Wine bottle evolution. Retrieved 1 August
2011,from: http://winesediments.net/2006/11/26/wine-bottle-evolution/ Myrddin Barrel Club. (n.d.). Retrieved 21 August 2011, from:
http://www.myrddinwine.com/Barrel%20Club.html Nivala, D. (2007). Oak wine barrels- a short history. Retrieved 8 August 2011, from:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Oak-Wine-Barrels---A-Short-History&id=691736 A short history of wine bottles. (2009). Retrieved 1 August 2011, from:
http://salutwineco.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/historyofbottles/ Tank container logistics. (2011). Retrieved 7 August 2011, from:
http://www.acp-logistics.com/tank-container-logistics.html Trans Ocean. (2011). Retrieved 7 August 2011, from:
http://www.transoceanbulk.com/en/index.aspx Vinosseur. (2010). Retrieved 3 August 2011, from: http://vinosseur.com/tag/kwevri/
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