Aablative laser resurfacing technique 862ABPA, see allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosisACC, see adenoid cystic carcinomaaccessory
nostril – 132pneumatization – 501
ACE, see angiotensin-converting enzymeacellular
dermal matrix – 481dermis – 762heterologous dermis – 833
acetaminophen 856acetazolamide 480acetylcholine 840acetylcholinesterase 840acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 562, 610
sensitivity – 610acne scar 869acoustic
rhinometry – 68, 71, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174sensor – 106
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 259acromegaly 486Actinomyces 212, 213acupuncture 350acute
dacryocystitis – 618exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (AECS) – 221nasal injury – 788respiratory distress – 687rheumatic fever – 235rhinosinusitis (ARS) – 191, 197, 308, 346, 609sinusitis – 204, 205, 208, 217, 336, 489
adjuvant treatment – 205antibiotic therapy – 205, 346bacteria – 217computerized axial tomography (CAT) – 205diagnosis – 204, 208facial pain – 336
microbiology – 217treatment – 208
adenocarcinoma 54, 390, 441, 662of the middle turbinate – 441of the sinonasal tract – 390
adenohypophysis 485adenoid
cystic carcinoma (ACC) – 391, 664metastasis – 391perineural invasion – 391sinonasal tract – 391
hypertrophy – 206adenoidectomy 207, 208adenoiditis 241adenomatoid odontogenic tumor 409
treatment – 409adenovirus 271AEA, see anterior ethmoid arteryAECS, see acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitisAERD, see aspirin-exacerbated respiratory diseaseaerobic bacteria 215, 222AFRS, see allergic fungal rhinosinusitisAFS, see allergic fungal sinusitisageusia 100agger nasi 25, 30, 31
cell – 307punch-out procedure – 31
aging eyelid complex 878AIDS, see acquired immunodeficiency syndromeair leak 68air-siphoning 481airway mucus 86alar
base reduction – 763batten graft – 707cartilage – 716, 730, 736, 762
modification – 716visualization – 716
collapse – 174crease – 6, 701
Subject Index
distortion – 69retraction – 10rim – 12
graft – 12wedge excision – 742
allergen 249allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) – 260fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) – 258, 260, 261, 262, 273
antifungal – 262treatment – 261
fungal sinusitis (AFS) – 50, 223, 287, 293, 329, 348rhinitis – 168, 176, 196, 198, 207, 247, 253, 275, 546, 775
antihistamine – 251ARIA guideline – 253decongestant – 251management – 176pharmacotherapy – 251vasoconstrictor – 251
allergy 611AlloDerm 750, 871allogeneic filler 871alloplast implant 762, 763alotomy 913alternaria 329
protein – 278Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 99ambulatory surgery center (ASC) 537amelanotic melanoma 56ameloblastic
carcinoma – 412fibroma – 416
treatment – 416fibro-odontoma – 416fibrosarcoma – 416
ameloblastoma 57, 59, 60, 396, 404, 410, 411, 412treatment – 412
aminoglycoside antibiotic 244amitriptyline 340, 341amoxicillin 205, 346, 347, 348
clavulanate – 215, 611amphotericin B 259, 262, 263, 277, 349, 612
cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD) – 263deoxycholate – 262lipid complex (ABLC) – 263metabolism – 263nephrotoxicity – 263thrombophleibitis – 263
anaerobicbacteria – 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 221, 222streptococcus – 212
anchored bone graft 708ancillary test 775Anderson tripod theory 727anencephaly 136aneurysmal bone cyst 408
treatment – 408angiofibroma 56, 379, 511, 642
juvenile – 379
angiotensin 324angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 158
inhibitor – 101annulus of Zinn 368anosmia 8, 97, 98, 100, 118, 250, 479, 770
URI-related – 118anterior
antrostomy – 448ethmoid artery (AEA) – 629, 631, 638nasal packing – 144rhinoscopy – 182skull-base – 124, 435, 439, 440, 443, 461, 465, 477, 661
benign tumor – 661combined approach – 443craniofacial approach – 440CSF fistulae – 477extracranial approach – 439intracranial approach – 443lateral rhinotomy – 440reconstruction – 457, 465resection – 463, 663transfacial approach – 440tumor – 454, 457, 458
extirpation – 461postoperative complication – 457quality of life – 458surgical approach – 454
antibiotic 196, 205, 289, 346, 596anticholinergic 101
medication – 252anticoagulation 292antiemetic 338antifungal
agent – 612mediation – 257therapy – 262, 277, 350, 597
nasal polyposis – 597antigen-presenting cell (APC) 196, 232, 233antihelix 905antihistamine 176, 251, 278, 300, 350, 597, 611, 613
nasal polyposis – 597anti-human interleukin (IL)-5 597antileukotriene 562, 597
nasal polyposis – 597antimicrobial therapy 222antrochoanal polyp 48, 170, 273, 274antrostomy 24, 555APC, see antigen presenting cellaplasia 502apoptosis 197, 296
therapeutic induction – 296aquaplast splint 765arhinia 130, 131ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) 247, 249
guideline – 253Artecoll 871, 872, 873
indication – 872injection technique – 872risk – 873
918 Subject Index
arterial embolization 148arteritis 259Ash forcep 796Askin’s tumor 471aspergilloma 259aspergillosis 48, 257, 259, 261Aspergillus 48, 50, 256, 257, 258, 259, 264, 329
flavus – 155fumigatus – 155, 223, 259
aspirin 199, 231, 236, 268, 271, 278, 279, 280, 338, 595desensitization – 279, 280, 613intolerance – 231, 595sensitivity – 236, 268, 271triad – 278
aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease 607, 610, 611, 613diagnosing – 611treatment plan – 613
asthma 48, 194, 199, 231, 268, 275, 298, 595, 598airway inflammation – 298aspirin-associated – 199steroid-dependent – 231
atopicallergy – 270dermatitis – 235
atopy 248, 249atresia 132atrophic
(acne) scar – 862rhinitis – 169, 326, 546
atrophy 47augmentation rhinoplasty 732auricular cartilage 762
graft – 754autoimmune vasculitis 268autologous
cartilage – 750, 767, 832fat – 833
transfer – 892average facial proportion 820axonal damage 648axoneme 83, 84axon reflex 199axotomy 99azelastine 300azithromycin 295, 296azole 263
BBachman manoeuvre 79Bacillus botulinus 840back biter 517bacteria 107, 109, 207, 296, 609
beta-lactamase-producing – 207biofilm-producing – 109, 296
bacterialbiofilm – 196, 197, 241, 242, 243, 245cytoplasm – 244infection – 191interference – 214
rhinosinusitis – 109sinusitis – 204superantigen – 271
bacteriocin 214Bacteroides 212, 213
black-pigmented – 213fragilis – 219, 271melaninogenicus – 212
Baker formula 855Baker-Gordon formula 857Baker-Gordon Peel 856balloon sinuplasty 314barotrauma 568basal cell
carcinoma – 401hyperplasia – 382nevus syndrome – 57
basal encephalocele 124, 126basal lamella 15batten
fracture – 784graft – 80width – 783
bell pepper 92benign
fibro-osseous lesion – 416intracranial hypertension (BIH) – 479mandibular neoplasm – 425
resection procedure – 425maxillary neoplasm – 425
resection procedure – 425benzalkonium chloride 348Bernoulli effect 705, 781Bernoulli force 166beta-2 transferrin 654beta-blocker 338beta-lactamase antibiotic 220beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) 213beta trace protein analysis 479bicoronal-facial flap 456Bifidobacterium 213bifrontal craniotomy 443, 450, 454, 661bilateral
gingivobuccal sulcus incision – 448gingivolabial incision – 455maxillary osteotomy – 442polyposis – 509
binocular diplopia 770Bio-Alcamid 873biofilm 109, 196, 237, 241, 243, 244
antibiotic – 196development – 196infection – 244
bioglass 154bipedicle flap 717, 720bipolar
cautery – 147, 449, 881, 886diathermy – 656
birth canal trauma 709
Subject Index 919
birth injury nasoseptal deformity 788bisphosphonate 424bitter tastant 95Bizygion distance 825Blakesley forcep 360, 516, 555, 622Blastomyces dermatitidis 329blepharoplasty 846, 877, 878, 881, 883, 884, 885, 892
complication – 884dry eyes – 884hematoma – 884lower lid – 881, 885postoperative course – 884transconjunctival – 883upper lid – 878
blepharoptosis 851, 885upper lid, repair – 885
blepharospasm 840block-type morcellizer 730blowout fracture 498body
dysmorphic disorder – 891plethysmography – 173
Boise elevator 772, 796bone
cyst – 408flap –
craniotomy – 473necrosis – 466
grafting – 750, 831growth factor – 427marrow transplantation – 257removal – 360
BoNT, see botulinum neurotoxinbony
choanal atresia – 687ethmoid septum – 777nasal septum – 794osteotomy – 433pyriform process – 783reconstruction – 462rhinostomy – 360septum – 8triangle at the pyriform – 720vault – 9, 702, 705, 708
deformity – 705graft – 708
Botox 839, 841, 844brow lift – 844reconstitution – 841storage – 841
botulinumneurotoxin (BoNT) – 839, 842, 851
adverse effect – 851brow ptosis – 851diplopia – 851eyelid ptosi – 851preprocedural evaluation – 842treatment of the upper face – 842
toxin, serotype A (BoNT-A) – 840, 841, 844, 845, 847, 848brow position – 844chemodenervation – 848lyophilize – 841treatment of the lower face and neck – 846treatment of the midface – 845
botulism 839bovine
collagen – 836spongiform encephalitis (BSE) – 873
Bowman’s gland 92cell – 98
boxy tip configuration 724brain
abscess – 291edema – 456haemorrhage – 590herniation – 462parenchyma – 455, 466
Breathe-Right strip 78bromelain 350bronchial asthma 199, 236, 610bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 235broncholysis testing 610brow adjustment 844Brown-Addison forcep 717, 730brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism 422brow ptosis 851brow-tip aesthetic line 6bruxism 337buccal bifurcation cyst 404buccal-gingival incision 811bucconasal membrane 686buckling force hypothesis 498bulbectomy 99bulging sporangia 328bulla ethmoidalis 14, 20, 25bunny lines 846Burow Triangle 776burr 517
hole – 291butterfly graft 80, 707
Ccalcifying
epithelial odontogenic tumor – 410odontogenic cyst – 403, 404
treatment – 404calcitonin 422, 424calcium 423
channel blocker – 101hydroxyapatite – 831, 837
Caldwell-Luc 280, 449antrotomy – 274, 370approach – 24, 448operation – 553, 556, 603
calibrated curved probe 535calvarial bone 706
920 Subject Index
camouflaging 749, 750, 772, 774, 776canal fracture 369canalicular stenosis 364cancellous bone graft 425Candida 212, 263, 264canine
eating – 130fossa – 146
canthal tendon 772cantholysis 370canthoplasty 886canthotomy 370canthus 5, 821capsaicin 279carbamazepine 340carbide tungsten pull rasp 707carbon
black particle – 106dioxide laser – 861nanotube – 110
carboxymethylcellulose 837carcinoma maxilla 51cardiovascular syphilis 326carina nasi 496Carnoy’s solution 399carotid
artery – 591injury – 591
siphon – 670cartilage 9, 10
C-shaped – 10graft – 79, 750, 751lower lateral complex – 10
cartilaginouscolumella – 720dorsum – 720graft – 748septum – 8, 151, 152, 777vault – 9, 702
defect – 705, 707caruncle 821carving 762caudal
helix – 904, 905septal deviation – 709septal extension – 751septal sandwich maneuver – 769
cautery 145cavernous
hemangioma – 642sinus – 28, 671
thrombosis – 291, 292anticoagulation – 292
cavum nasi 496CCA, see congenital choanal atresiacebocephaly 131cefmenoxime 347cefuroxime axetil 611
cellular fibrovascular stroma 422cellulitis 289
orbital – 289preseptal – 289
cementoblastoma 414treatment – 414
cementoma 57cemento-osseous dysplasia 418cemento-ossifying fibroma 417central brain trauma 98cephalocele 42cephalosporin 215cerebral damage 99cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 106, 477, 478, 479, 480, 486, 590,
653, 654fistula – 478, 479, 480, 590, 649
endoscopic repair – 480leakage – 8, 436, 462, 467, 479, 480, 590, 653, 655, 810, 812
computed tomography (CT) – 655magnetic resonance (MR) scan – 655treatment – 480
rhinorrhea – 106, 479, 653, 654non-traumatic cause – 654traumatic cause – 654
cervical lymphadenopathy 157cetirizine 277Charcot-Leyden crystal 223, 261CHARGE syndrome 43, 132, 685chemosensory disorder 97chemotherapy 331cherubism 422Chinese acupuncture 350chinolone 611chin wrinkling 848Chlamydia 295
pneumoniae – 222, 298choanal atresia 42, 132, 134, 688
preoperative assessment – 688cholesteatoma 241chondrocutaneous bipedicle flap 716chondrocyte 832chondrosarcoma 60, 456, 579, 672chondrovomerine articulation 38chorda tympani nerve 93chordoma 456, 672chromium 98chronic
dacryocystitis – 619invasive fungal rhinosinusitis – 258nasal deformity – 788obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – 298rhinosinusitis (CRS) – 83, 87, 116, 119, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 220, 231, 237, 241, 250, 273, 275, 295, 345, 377, 559, 607, 608
anterior rhinoscopy – 192bacteria – 197bronchial asthma – 199CT scan – 194, 273
Subject Index 921
endoscopic sinus surgery – 607evaluation scale – 192inflammatory mediator – 195macrolide – 197, 295microbial pathogen – 197microbiology – 220nasal endoscopy – 195nasal septal deviation – 198osteitis – 195physical finding – 192symptom – 608treatment – 198, 295without polyps (CRSsNP) – 231with polyps (CRSwNP) – 231
sinusitis – 206, 207, 208, 217, 218, 219, 221, 336, 489antibiotic therapy – 207bacteria – 217diagnosis – 206evaluation – 206, 208facial pain – 336medical treatment – 208microbiology – 217, 218pathophysiology – 218polymicrobial infection – 219surgical treatment – 207Survey (CSS) – 192TyPE (Technology of Patient Experience) – 192
Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) 275cicatrix 705ciliary
beat frequency – 85dyskinesia – 191
ciliated cell 83ciliogenesis 87cinch dressing 720circles of prominence (COP) 820, 821, 823, 824, 826
nasal aesthetic – 826within the eye – 823within the mouth – 824
cisterna magna 477Citelli forcep 584clarithromycin 277, 295, 296, 297, 298, 301clavicular fracture 770cleft lip 132, 909, 911, 912, 913
anatomy – 909bilateral – 913classification – 911deformity – 913embryology – 909nasal deformity – 789nonsyndromic – 911preoperative assessment – 911repair – 913unilateral – 913Z-plasty – 912
cleft palate 909, 910, 911, 914anatomy – 909defect – 910
double opposing Z-plasty – 914embryology – 909feeder – 130nonsyndromic – 911U-shape – 910
clindamycin 833clinoidectomy 370clival fenestration 675clivus 675
superior portion – 675Clostridium botulinum 840cluster headache 338, 339CNS, see coagulase-negative staphylococciCO₂ laser 855coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) 214, 215Coban elastic dressing 898coblation 79, 548cocaine
abuse – 157use – 325
codeine 681Coleman technique 871collagen 832, 836
vascular disease – 878columella 6, 10, 76, 80
strut – 80, 744, 763composite free flap 455, 473compressive optic neuropathy (CON) 640computed tomography 509, 620, 810
bony lacrimal canal – 620cisternography – 480endoscopic surgery – 509frontal sinus fracture – 810osteolytic destruction – 509
computer-assisted surgery 522, 528computerized axial tomography (CAT) 206CON, see compressive optic neuropathyconcha
bullosa – 16, 27, 38, 170, 499, 642, 679nondraining – 642
cavum – 80conchal
bowl – 906cartilage – 783, 905
graft – 785plastic surgery – 679pneumatization – 371
conducting polymer sensor 106congenital
choanal atresia (CCA) – 685, 686, 688, 689radiology – 686simple perforation – 688transnasal approach – 688transpalatine approach – 688transseptal approach – 689
encephalocele – 479nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) – 133syphilis – 326
922 Subject Index
contact pointheadache – 153pain – 339
COP, see circles of prominenceCOPD, see chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasecorrugator muscle 842cortical bone graft 831corticosteroid 157, 158, 198, 237, 252, 257, 276, 322, 369,
422, 596, 612Corynebacterium 225cosmetic procedure 889CosmoDerm 836, 871CosmoPlast 836, 871costal cartilage 750Cottle
elevator – 146, 183maneuver – 78, 168, 169, 774test – 782
cotton ball 906Cowden’s syndrome 470cranial cleft 131
Tessier classification – 131craniofacial
cleft – 130fibrous dysplasia – 417osteotomy – 442resection (CFR) – 453, 664surgery – 458
craniopharyngioma 403, 470, 473, 489craniotomy 125, 128, 291, 369crepe paper skin 878cribriform plate 37
leak – 482, 657crista
ethmoidalis – 17, 140, 628galli – 27, 128olfactoria – 502
Crohn’s disease 158, 324cromolyn sodium 252crooked nose 769, 777
delayed management – 772treatment – 772
cross-cultural smell identification test 118croton oil 856crow’s feet 844, 845, 846, 864, 878, 891CRS, see chronic rhinosinusitisCrumley’s method 704, 725crural strut graft 11crus 10, 11
domal segment – 11cryotherapy 79, 399cryptococcal meningitis 263Cryptococcus neoformans 263CT, see computed tomographyculture-directed therapy 346Cupid’s bow 912curette 522Cushing’s disease 486
cut-view reconstruction 536cyanobacterium 328cyanosis 132, 687, 899cyclophosphamide 157, 322cyclopia 130, 131cyclosporin A 397cylindrical papilloma 159cymba concha 80Cymetra 750cyst 47, 128, 395
of the oral cavity – 395cystic fibrosis (CF) 48, 87, 194, 204, 207, 268, 275, 297, 298
airway inflammation – 298transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) – 275
Ddacryocystitis 47, 357, 618dacryocystography (DCG) 619, 620dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) 130, 357, 358, 359, 363,
364, 444, 448, 449, 464, 500, 535, 556, 588, 617, 621, 622, 623endoscopic – 358, 359, 363
anesthesia – 359complication – 363postoperative care – 363result – 363revision – 364
failure – 622image guidance – 535pre- and postoperative care – 622success rate – 623surgical procedure – 621
dacryolith 620dangerous frontal bone 502, 569DCR, see dacryocystorhinostomydecongestant 251deep vein thrombosis 489deferoxamine B(DFO) 258Dematiaceae 329denatonium 95denervation atrophy 841dental
lamina residua – 411pain – 337pulp – 337sinus – 21
dentigerous cyst 57, 396, 412marsupalization – 396treatment – 396
dentinogenic ghost cell tumor 403depressor
anguli oris (DAO) – 847muscle – 7
dermabrasion 855DermaDeep 873dermal graft 833Dermalogen 871dermatochalasis 878
Subject Index 923
dermoid 128cyst – 407
desmoplastic ameloblastoma 411Deuteromycete 329developmental cyst 57dexamethasone 348diabetic ketoacidosis 256diaphanoscopy 570diathermy 79Dieffenbach incision 454diffuse
nasal polyposis – 169panbronchiolitis – 297
digital subtractionangiography (DSA) – 511, 638, 671software – 524
dimethyl pyrazine 92dimethylsiloxane 834diphenhydramine 251diphenylhydantoin 397diploic vein of Breschet 293diplopia 368, 448, 449, 590, 638, 642, 770, 803, 851disseminating sclerosis 339diuretic 101diverticula 620dome 10
binding suture – 730truncation (DT) – 724, 728, 739, 743
dorsaldeformity – 751hump removal – 9septal deviation – 168
dorsum implant 766doubled medial turbinate 500double dome 730
suture (DDS) technique – 724, 726double-layer fascia lata 457, 465double nose 132drill 517, 522drool lines 891dry eye symptom 878, 884dural
fistula in the skull base – 653venous thrombosis – 308
duraplasty 590, 662, 663, 681dust mite 250dynamic
airway testing – 170wrinkle – 842
dyschromia in flaps or scars 901dysgeusia 100, 101dysosmia 98, 99, 100, 118dysplastic dentin 404dystonia 840dystopia 810
EEaton-Lambert syndrome 841ecchymosis 880, 899
echinocandins 264ectoderm 36, 136ectomesenchymal tumor 409, 413ectropion 370effective stroke 84eggshell fracture 777electrocautery 145, 360electromagnetic (EM)
systems track – 531technology – 523
electronicnose – 105, 109, 110
diagnosis – 110screening – 110testing accuracy – 109training accuracy – 109
sensing – 110electro-olfactogram (EOG) 118electrosurgical reduction 176elevator muscle 7embolization 148embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 471embryonic nasolacrimal duct 406eminentia fossae nasalis 500empty nose syndrome 65, 176empty sella syndrome (ESS) 480, 486, 528, 534
image guidance – 528encephalitis 98encephalocele 42, 124, 125, 271, 478, 479, 480, 656
diagnosis – 125magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – 480management – 125
encephalomalacia 456endocanthion 820, 826, 829endoderm 136endonasal
approach – 715transfixion incision – 715
ethmoid surgery technique – 562frontal sinus drainage – 567frontal sinusotomy – 317sinus surgery – 569, 588, 601
landmark – 601orbital complication – 589preoperative evaluation – 601radiology – 601
tumor surgery – 662preoperative management – 662surgical procedure – 662
endoscope 515endoscopic
frontal sinusotomy – 308frontal sinus surgery – 310modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) – 313, 317
outcome – 317polypectomy – 280sinus surgery (ESS) – 176, 184, 198, 208, 280, 313, 435, 495, 527, 594, 595
complication – 280
924 Subject Index
microdebrider – 595nasal polyposis – 594principle – 198
endotracheal tube 689enophthalmos 444, 449, 643, 801, 803, 814
infiltrative syndrome – 643metastatic tumor – 643
e-nose, see electronic noseEnterobacter 218enterotoxin, see exotoxineosinophil 199, 214, 223, 270
cationic protein (ECP) – 236eosinophilia 235, 300eosinophilic granuloma 423epidermoid cyst 407epidural abscess 291epinephrine 279, 289
injection – 688epiphora 357, 618, 619epistaxis 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 168, 627,
631, 632, 770angiography – 148arterial embolization – 632balloon device – 145bleeding source – 630IMA ligation – 146in HHT – 632local factor – 141management – 143, 144microsurgical technique – 631patient evaluation – 142posterior packing – 146surgical management – 632systemic factor – 142therapeutic strategy – 630
epithelialcell – 268odontogenic tumor – 409
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 159, 271, 330related protein – 390
e-PTFE, see expanded Polytetrafluoroethyleneergosterol 263, 264eruption cyst 396, 397, 398
de-roofing – 398treatment – 398
erythromycin 295, 296, 300, 301Escherichia coli 218, 244esthesioneuroblastoma 54, 383, 391, 454, 471, 661, 664estrogen 381ethmocephaly 131ethmoid
accessory cell – 560artery – 147
ligation – 147bulla – 20, 30, 268, 500cell – 561disease – 287infundibulum – 307labyrinth – 37, 560
perpendicular plate – 775roof – 482sinus – 24, 37, 203, 349, 378, 499, 657
defect – 657surgery – 559, 562
mucosal preservation – 562tumor – 563
ethmoidalblow-out fracture – 639infundibulum – 500labyrinth – 499mucocele – 563
ethmoidectomy 27, 289, 316, 360, 370, 436, 442, 454, 482, 562, 563, 571, 609, 631, 648risk of injury – 27
ethmoiditis 290ethmoid-sphenoid planum 674
opening – 674ethmosphenoidotomy 584ethmoturbinal 14ethnic nose 761Eubacterium 213Eucerin cream 858Eustachian tube 656Ewing’s sarcoma 471, 473
in children – 473exocanthion 826, 829exocytosis of inflammatory cell 404exodontia instrument 416exophthalmos 642, 643, 803exophytic papilloma 159exopolysaccharide 241
alginate – 244exotoxin 216expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) 750, 833external
beam skin irradiation – 862carotid – 139ear – 903
surface anatomy – 903nasal valve (ENV) – 76, 774nose – 696valve – 79, 695, 781
collapse – 79surgery – 79
ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) 136eyebrow 822, 823, 825
arch – 822ideal angle – 825
eyelid 822, 877anatomy – 877ptosis – 851
Fface/facial 891
adiposity – 892aesthetic – 711
angle – 703principle – 5
Subject Index 925
analysis – 703, 891anatomy – 891artery – 139asymmetry – 388beauty – 819deformity – 802expression – 892filler material – 836fracture – 99, 771, 814
in children – 814lipoatrophy – 837lipodystrophy – 873nerve –
injury – 900palsy – 80
osteotomy – 661pain – 335, 341
atypical – 341plastic surgery – 440, 747, 823, 831, 870, 877
blepharoplasty – 877scar – 431skeleton – 670, 809
fracture – 809lateral destruction – 670
translocation – 442trauma – 155vein – 28
face-lift surgery 890, 892, 899facial photography – 890flap necrosis – 899hematoma – 899muscle – 892
fascial graft 466fat
saturation postcontrast technique – 36transposition – 885
FESS, see functional endoscopic sinus surgeryfestoon 878fever blisters 858, 862Fibrel 871fibre-optic nasal telescope 515fibrin glue 457, 467, 657fibromyxoma 57fibrosarcoma 414fibrosis 158fibrous dysplasia 60, 417, 579
treatment – 417fistulae 620Fitzpatrick skin type 863, 878, 883flap necrosis 900flavonoid 95flavor 94fluconazole 257, 263, 264flucytosine 263fluorescein 482, 571, 655, 657
dye retention test – 619fluorouracil 390
fluticasone propionate 252, 348F. nucleatum 219Foley catheter 145follicular cyst 57fontanel 24food
allergy – 270, 610, 773hypersensitivity – 270
foramen 477cecum – 128lacerum – 435of Breschet – 28of Luschka – 477of Magendie – 477of Munro – 477rotundum – 678
forcep through-cutting 517forehead lift 892formal open septoplasty 797fosfomycin 347four-hands technique 581, 669fovea ethmoidalis 27, 38fracture of the midface 431Francis alar dilator 77, 79free autologous graft 832free flap 462Freer elevator 360, 516, 548, 554, 622Frey syndrome (gustatory sweating) 840frontal cell 307frontal ostium 502frontal recess 30, 31, 313, 314, 315, 569
anatomy – 31, 313, 569Draf classification of surgery – 315stenosis – 314structure – 30
frontal sinus 28, 38, 204, 307, 308, 310, 314, 315, 316, 317, 379, 464, 481, 502, 560, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 604, 612, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814anatomy – 809beak – 316concomitant medical treatment – 612cranialization – 464craniotomy – 813CT-based image guidance system – 317diagnostic radiology – 569Draf classification – 308drainage – 567, 569, 570, 571, 604, 662encephalocele – 481endonasal – 567fracture – 771, 811, 814
computerized tomography (CT) – 810Metzinger classification – 811NFD involvement – 812
infundibulum – 502, 570leak – 481, 656neoplasm – 310obliteration – 310, 315
926 Subject Index
obstruction – 560osteoplastic surgery – 379ostium – 569pneumatization – 204postoperative care – 572removal of tumors – 568revision surgery – 571sinusotomy – 813stenting – 572surgery – 308, 314, 568trauma – 308trephination – 310
frontal sinusotomy 535IGS – 535
frontal-T 571frontoethmoid air cell 26, 29
classification – 29frontoethmoidectomy 308, 440functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 14, 38, 519, 521,
527, 553, 562, 563, 595, 607anterior-to-posterior dissection – 563instrumentation – 519microdebrider – 521nasal polyp – 595posterior-to-anterior dissection – 563
fungalball – 259, 260, 329, 563
treatment – 260culture – 256hyphae – 223, 260, 261immunotherapy – 261mycelia – 222rhinosinusitis – 256, 257
prevention – 257sinusitis – 48, 49, 223
fungiform papilloma 159Furlow palatoplasty 914furosemide 279Furstenberg’s sign 271Furstenberg test 124, 128Fusobacterium 212, 213
nucleatum – 213
Ggabapentin 340galeal flap 462ganglion cell 820
in the retina – 820Gardner’s syndrome 57, 378, 420gastro-oesophageal reflux 207, 609, 611gastrostomy tube 130gentamicin 348
solution – 765GERD, see gastro-oesophageal refluxgiant cell
granuloma – 421, 422lesion – 408
Gillies incision 806gingival
cyst of the adult – 406nodule – 409
gingivobuccal incision 449, 806, 913glabella 820glabellar rhytid 842glandular
hyperplasia – 231odontogenic cyst – 403
treatment – 403Glicklich and Metson system 194glioma 125gliosis 99globe injury 803Glogau’s photo-aging group 863glossopharyngeal neuralgia 340glossoptosis 910glucocorticoid 277, 594, 596glucose oxidase stick test 654glycocalyx 86glycogen depletion 841glycosaminoglycan 414goblet cell 216
hypersecretion – 297Goldmann tip technique 717, 723Gore-Tex 762, 833Gorlin’s nevoid basal cell syndrome 470Gortex
dorsal nasal implant – 756sling – 80
grafting material 831implant material – 831
graft versus host disease (GVHD) 257granuloma 258granulomatous
disease – 321sinusitis – 51tuberculosis – 326
Graves’disease – 878ophthalmopathy (GO) – 640orbitopathy – 287, 289
greenstick fracture 771Griffiths-Brown forcep 880gustatory
disorder – 100sensation – 94system – 93
GVHD, see graft versus host disease
Hhaemangiopericytoma 578Haemophilus influenzae 205, 212, 217, 220, 225, 291, 301, 346
beta-lactamase-producing strain – 217nontypable – 205
Hakim’s triad of gait apraxia 478
Subject Index 927
halitosis 204Haller cell 24, 38, 43, 501, 555Hand-Schüller-Christian disease 423hanging columella 10Hansen’s disease 328haptic feedback 521Hardy speculum 487HDPE, see high-density polyethyleneheadache 153
nasal septal deviation – 153syndrome – 315
head and neck sarcoma 392head trauma 98, 99, 115, 367, 656, 788Helicobacter pylori 295hemangiopericytoma 454hematoma 155, 884hemicrania 136hemifacial degloving approach 436hemiparesis 291hemitransfixion 709
incision – 739hemophilia 142hemostasis 450, 880
agent – 144matrix – 481
HEPA filter 250hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) 142, 159, 632
epistaxis – 632herpes 858herpes simplex virus 271, 867
antigen – 98herpes zoster infection 340heterologous cartilage 832hiatus semilunaris 17, 25, 40high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 835high-efficiency filtration (HEPA filters) 250Highmore’s cave 498histamine 235, 248, 249histiocytosis X 423Histoplasma capsulatum 329histoplasmosis 329HIV 259
disease – 763Hockey stick excision 717holoprosencephaly 130, 133, 134homograft costal cartilage 784horizontal
cough – 204forehead line – 843growth vector – 419
human papilloma virus (HPV) 271infection – 382
humpdeformity – 705reduction – 707
Hyalform 871hyaluronic acid (HA) 750, 874
filler – 836
hydraulicpressure hypothesis – 498resistance – 66
hydrocephalus 478, 654hydrocodone bitartrate 856hydrocortisone 263, 859hydroscopy 488hydroxyapatite paste 461, 464, 466, 473hygrometry 170Hylaform 836hyperaesthesia 340hyperbaric oxygen therapy 258, 444hypercalcemia 422hypercementosis 424hyperchromaticity 399, 412hyperhidrosis 840Hypericum perforatum 862hypernephroma 644hyperostosis 293, 313, 315hyperparathyroidism 422hyperpigmentation 867hypertelorism 131, 134hypertrophic
rhinitis – 773scar – 864, 900
hypervascular tumor 380hypoesthesia 291hypogeusia 100, 101hypoglobus 444hypophysis cerebri 485hypopigmentation 867hypoplasia 132, 502hypoplastic maxillary 21hyposmia 97, 98, 99, 100, 118, 479hypothyroid rhinitis 176hypoventilation 146hypoxemia 146hypoxia 425
Iidiopathic intracranial hypertension 479IgE-antibody in nasal polyps 598image-guidance system 530image-guided surgery (IGS) 528, 529, 533, 535, 536, 537
application – 533costs – 537indication – 533, 535limitation – 528, 537preoperative surgical planning – 536
imidazole 263immunomodulator 612immunostimulant 612immunotherapy 252, 351, 611
subcutaneous (SC) – 252sublingual (SL) – 252
infant nose 788infection 48
928 Subject Index
inferiormeatus – 555
antrostomy – 555turbinate – 15, 76, 166, 169, 170, 176, 358, 545, 546, 547, 603
hypertrophy – 176, 545, 546, 547causes – 546electrical cauterization – 547medical therapy – 546rhinomanometry – 546
lateral out-fracture – 547surgery – 546, 547
inflammatorycell exocytosis – 405cytokine – 86odontogenic cyst – 404sinonasal disease – 38, 43sinusitis – 317, 450
influenza A 98infraorbital
artery – 638ethmoidal cell – 501nerve – 483
infratip lobule 6infundibulotomy 563infundibulum 20, 40, 43injectable filler 869, 870, 871, 874
adverse reaction – 870complication – 870indication – 869permanent – 871temporary – 874
INS, see intranasal corticosteroidinstrument 524, 531
calibration – 531nonferromagnetic – 524
interbrow distance 825intercanthal distance 810intercartilaginous incision 749, 774interdental scalloping 408interferon (IFN) gamma 351interleukin (IL) 235, 270, 296
IL-4 – 235IL-5 – 235, 270IL-8 – 296
synthesis – 197internal
carotid artery (ICA) – 140, 501, 673maxillary artery (IMA) – 139, 146
ligation – 146nasal valve (INV) – 76, 773, 774, 781
spring constant – 781valve – 79
collapse – 10surgery – 79V deformity – 78
interpupillary distance 825intersinus septal cell 307
intracranialabscess – 290, 291, 444infection – 291injury – 522lesion – 669
upside-down cone-shaped tunnel – 669pressure (ICP) – 478
intradermal allergy testing 270intranasal
allergen challenge – 610anesthesia – 8antrostomy – 274corticosteroid (INS) – 252corticosteroid therapy – 276ethmoidectomy – 280perforating osteotomy – 708snare polypectomy – 594steroid – 199, 276
intraoperative imaging technology 524intraorbital abscess 288, 641intrasellar
lesion – 670navigation – 673
intraturbinate injection of steroids 546intravenous (IV) antibiotic 347inverted papilloma 54, 159, 274, 314, 382, 383, 431, 436, 578,
661, 662endonasal resection – 383Krouse staging system – 382pathogenesis – 382radiology – 383surgery – 383therapy – 383
inverted V deformity 750, 754ipratropium 349iris 821, 829
beauty – 821width – 821
isthmus nasi 76itraconazole 259, 263
JJarisch-Herxheimer reaction 327jaw 395, 396, 408, 423, 424, 425
benign tumor – 408bone disease – 395bone reconstruction – 425cystic lesion – 395dentigerous cyst – 396lesion – 395miscellaneous bony lesion – 423tumor – 424
JNA, see juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromaJones I test 619Juvederm 836, 875juvenile
angiofibroma – 379, 380, 381, 435, 455, 661chemotherapy – 381
Subject Index 929
classification – 381embolization – 381pathogenesis – 380radiology – 381treatment – 381
nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) – 17, 470
KKallmann’s syndrome 116Kartagener’s syndrome 48, 86, 194Kawasaki disease 235keratitis 884Kerrison
punch – 487, 488, 602rongeur – 146, 433
ketaconazole 262ketorolac tromethamine 856keystone area 9, 165Kiesselbach’s plexus 141, 152, 157, 322, 627, 629Killian incision 182, 183, 487, 709kissing carotid 503Klebsiella
pneumoniae – 218rhinoscleromatis – 156, 327
KTP laser 548
Llabyrinthectomy 473lacrimal
bone – 9, 358, 621drainage system – 618, 619
anatomy – 618irrigation – 619pathology – 618physiology – 618probing – 619
pathway – 617obstruction – 617
sac – 360, 620, 622drain – 618mucosa – 622opening – 360surgical anatomy – 620
scintillography – 619, 620sump syndrome – 364system – 806
iatrogenic injury – 806intubation – 360
laminaorbitalis – 499papyracea – 15, 31, 37, 40, 288, 309, 370, 502, 570, 589, 637, 641, 663
dehiscence – 40fracture – 589perforation – 589
propria – 166, 546mast-cell abundance – 546
lancinating pain 340Langerhans cell disease (LCD) 423
laryngitis 156syphilitic – 156
laser 79operating system – 864resurfacing – 861, 862, 864, 867
atrophic scar – 862complication – 867dermal injury – 862hypertrophic scar – 862operative technique – 864
system – 548lateral
brow incision – 805canthoplasty – 886crural –
flap technique – 742overlay (LCO) – 724, 733, 737steal (LCS) – 724, 726transection – 734
crus – 80transection – 80
nasal cleft – 131periodontal cyst – 398
treatment – 398rhinotomy – 448
lazaroid 369LCD, see Langerhans cell diseaseLeFort fracture 99, 432, 814
LeFort I down-fracture – 456, 474LeFort III fracture – 371osteotomy – 442
leprosy 156, 328leptorhinne
configuration – 777nose – 761
Leptotrichia 212buccalis – 213
lethal midline granuloma 159Letterer-Siwe syndrome 423leukocyte 86leukotriene 235, 249
inhibitor – 350modifier – 278receptor antagonist (LTRA) – 252
lid edema 287Li-Fraumeni syndrome 470limited sinus CT 529lip
adhesion – 913aesthetic – 824augmentation – 869, 870
injectable filler – 869lipocalin protein 92lipodystrophy 833
HIV-associated – 833Lipsett-like transection technique 736liquid
crystal thermography – 70silicone – 837, 871
930 Subject Index
liquorrhoea 679Little’s area 141, 152, 628long flap technique 895lower
eyelid – 823lateral cartilages (LLC) – 432, 771lid – 881
blepharoplasty – 881lip – 824third deformity – 751
L-strut 183, 776LTRA, see leukotriene receptor antagonistlumbar
drain – 657puncture – 655
Lund-McKay system 194, 609lupus
pernio – 323vulgaris – 326
lymphadenopathy 52, 156, 326lymphangioma 642lymphatic
drainage – 557vessel – 498
lymph node metastasis 664lymphocyte 157lymphoid hypertrophy 250lymphoma 643, 680Lynch incision 147, 289, 370, 448, 454lysine
acetylsalicylate – 278aspirin – 279
lysine-ASA 611treatment – 613
Mmacroadenoma 489macrolide 197, 277, 295, 296, 297, 301, 302
antibiotic – 298antimicrobial activity – 296dosage – 301therapy – 244treatment algorithm – 302
magnetic resonancecisternography – 480, 670imaging – 510, 620
bony lacrimal canal – 620tomography – 638
orbital tumor – 638Mahalanobis distance (MD) 108major vessel injury 590malignant
ameloblastoma – 412melanoma – 56peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) – 471sinonasal neoplasm – 432tumor – 662
en bloc resection – 662mandibular resection 425
mandibulofacial dysostosis 132Marfan’s syndrome 57Marionette lines 848mast cell 235, 249, 252, 270
degranulation – 270stabilizer – 252
mastication 94mastoid drill 433, 434mastoidectomy 473maxillary
antrostomy – 146, 289, 483artery (MA) – 628fracture – 771line – 21ostium – 24prominence – 36sinus – 21, 37, 213, 215, 440, 495, 498, 554
aspiration – 208bacteriology – 215computed tomography (CT) – 554endonasal procedure – 554endonasal surgery – 495polyposis – 20puncture – 213tumor – 665
sinusitis – 221anaerobic bacteria – 221microbiology – 221
tuberosity – 449maxillectomy 274, 383, 425, 431, 432, 433, 436, 448, 449, 455,
466, 471maxillofacial trauma 144maxilloturbinate bone 496MCC, see mucociliary clearanceMcCune-Albright syndrome 417McGovern nipple 687, 911MCO, see medial crural overlaymeatal antrotomy 370meatus 15, 37medial
canthal ligament – 810, 813canthal tendon (MCT) – 436, 770crural overlay (MCO) – 724, 727, 740lamella – 37maxillectomy – 448orbital wall – 464
reconstruction – 464osteotomy – 748rectus muscle – 590
injury – 590median nasal cleft 131medpor 784
biometrical implant – 464implant – 762
melanoma 643membranous septum 151meningioma 456, 470, 672
non-NF2-associated – 470meningismus 291
Subject Index 931
meningitis 290, 291, 444, 462, 478, 653, 654, 657meningocele 42, 124, 271, 654, 686meningoencephalocele 124, 127, 271, 654, 686, 812mental crease 848mentoplasty 834mentum 820mersilene 836mesoderm 36, 136metal oxide sensor 106methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 347methimazole 686methylprednisolone 252, 279, 369, 856MFD, see midfacial deglovingMHC, see major histocompatibility complexmicrodebrider, see also soft-tissue shaver 177, 280, 521, 549,
595, 689tip – 520
micro-endoscopic surgery 515micrognathia 909, 910micro-osteotomy 797microplate 813middle meatus 17, 215, 554
antrostomy – 554, 595, 631microbiology – 215
middle turbinate 15, 38, 314, 496middle vault 705
spreader graft – 705trauma – 705treatment – 705
midfacedegloving – 431, 440, 448, 455flap – 436fracture – 371, 431lipoatrophy – 873segment pain – 340, 341split – 442
migraine 315, 337Mikulicz
cell – 156, 327histiocyte – 328
minimally invasive pituitary surgery (MIPS) 487minor salivary gland neoplasm 159missed ostium sequence 609mitomycin C 133, 360, 604, 689mixed
odontogenic tumor – 415rhinitis – 247
model simulation 536modified Lothrop procedure 309mometasone 279, 348
furoate – 252montelukast 278, 597Moraxella catarrhalis 205, 212, 217, 220, 291
beta-lactamase-producing strain – 217mouth frowning 847MPNST, see malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumorMRI, see magnetic resonance imaging
mucocele 48, 261, 292, 293, 315, 642, 647, 814decompression – 293marsupialization – 293
mucociliaryclearance – 83, 86, 190, 195, 244, 297system – 38
mucofascial flap 675mucoperichondrium 152, 182, 705, 771, 795mucoperiosteal flap 398, 409, 548, 631mucoperiosteum 183, 657, 679, 795mucopurulent rhinosinusitis 348mucopyocele 293, 604, 814
antibiotic treatment – 604Mucoraceae 258Mucorale 257mucormycosis 257, 258
symptom – 258treatment – 258
mucosa/mucosal 75biofilm – 243disease – 75edema – 77, 152flap – 370, 688flap elevation – 181melanoma – 392
mucous cyst 576mucus 86
flow – 15multilocular keratocyst 401multiple biopsy 424multisystem trauma 647myasthenia gravis 841myceliae 256mycetoma 222, 259Mycobacterium
leprae – 156, 328tuberculosis – 156, 326
Mycoplasma 295pneumoniae – 222
mycotic infection 255myocardial infarction 489myofascial pain 337myospherulosis 645myxoid stroma 177myxomatous stroma 414
Nnafazoline 279nap test 846narrowed palpebral fissure 846nasal, see also nose
airflow – 167turbulence – 168
airway – 167acoustic rhinometry – 174differential diagnosis – 175history – 168
932 Subject Index
obstruction – 165, 167, 168, 174, 175, 321, 324performance – 65physical examination – 168rhinomanometry – 174testing – 174
alar flaring – 846analysis – 714, 828anatomy – 165augmentation – 835bleeding, – see also epistaxis 276, 627, 631, 632
arterial embolization – 632surgical management – 631
blockage – 78bone – 697, 702, 708, 748, 794, 796
asymmetric fracture – 796back-fracture – 708collapse – 748periosteum – 707
cavity – 13, 14, 15, 29, 204, 215, 377, 387, 496, 497, 629, 643anatomy – 13benign tumor – 377blood supply – 15flora – 215landmark measurement – 29malignancy – 387malignant melanoma – 643mucosa – 14nerve – 497tumor – 431venous drainage – 629vessel – 497
choana – 689transpalatine approach – 689
cleft – 131congestion – 271cycle – 167dermoid – 128discharge (ND) – 225dorsum – 6dyspnea – 782
threshold – 785embryology – 685, 787endoscopy – 116, 145, 182, 194, 195, 341, 357, 515, 619fossae – 628
blood supply – 628fracture – 770, 771, 793, 797
management algorithm – 797glioma – 125growth – 788hemorrhage – 627injury – 795, 796
closed manipulation – 796management – 795, 796timing of repair – 795
lavage – 262with amphotericin B – 262
length – 704, 826, 828
mound – 25mucosa – 190, 249, 387
dysplasia – 387edema – 190
musculature – 698obstruction – 11, 75, 273, 750, 757, 782
diagnosis – 782spreader graft – 750
packing – 572physiology – 167placode – 685, 686polyp – 221, 231, 268, 276, 277, 298, 326, 598, 610, 747
antibiotic therapy – 277antifungal therapy – 277bacterial culture – 221follow-up – 598medical therapy – 276Staphylococcus aureus – 610surgical treatment – 598
polypectomy – 274polyposis (NP) – 160, 196, 197, 216, 232, 236, 261, 268, 275, 278, 310, 339, 350, 568, 593, 594, 622
antihistamine – 278aspirin-sensitive patient – 275endoscopic sinus surgery – 593, 594histopathology – 268S. aureus – superantigen 216surgery – 279treatment algorithm – 594
pressure – 172projection – 704, 726repair – 797
open approach – 797resistance – 167, 173saline – 349
irrigation – 206scrunch – 846sensory innervation – 15septal cartilage – 762septal deviation – 622, 751septal fracture – 795
classification – 795septum – 38, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158, 159, 181, 182, 198, 709
anatomy – 151, 181, 709deviation – 152, 182, 198disorder – 152drug abuse – 157function – 151hematoma – 155iatrogenic trauma – 182infection – 155metastatic disease – 159neoplasm – 158surgery – 181systemic inflammatory disorder – 157technique – 709trauma – 155, 709
Subject Index 933
sill – 911sniffer – 782speculum – 182steroid therapy – 262structure – 761
anatomy – 761tip – 12, 723, 724, 726, 729, 822, 829, 913
aesthetic – 829algorithm – 726ideal aesthetic parameter – 724management – 723projection – 6, 714, 730soft tissue – 12structure – 723symmetry – 913
trauma – 337, 714, 798special situation – 798
tripod theory – 727valve – 75, 76
angle – 9area – 166, 168obstruction – 168stenosis – 433surgery – 781, 782, 785
vasculature – 698vault – 702, 703, 707
deformity – 703, 707vestibular stenosis – 448width – 704
nasalisation 594nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma 330nasal valve collapse 748nasion 6, 701, 725, 820nasoalveolar cyst 406nasoethmoidal
fracture – 770, 772lesion – 124
nasoethmoid orbital (NEO) 809area – 809fracture – 809injury – 811, 814
management fracture – 811Markowitz classification – 811
nasofacial angle 703nasofrontal
angle – 6, 704duct (NFD) – 502, 810
nasolabialangle – 6, 726, 762cyst – 406
treatment – 406nasolacrimal duct 588, 589
cyst – 134injury – 589obstruction – 357, 624
nasolacrimal sac/duct (NLSD) 433nasomental angle 704
naso-nasopharyngeal plexus 141naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fracture 371, 431naso-orbital lesion 124nasopalatine
cyst – 405, 407foramen – 688nerve – 498, 709ramus – 503treatment – 405
nasopharyngealangiofibroma – 56carcinoma – 672teratoma – 136tumor – 782
nasopharyngitis (NPT) 211, 215, 223, 225microbial dynamic – 211, 225viral infection – 223
nasopharyngoscope 133nasopharynx 211, 224, 656
bacteria – 224nasoseptal deformity 773nasoseptal injury 788
in children – 788nasotracheal intubation 222navigation 532
computer-based system – 524CT-MR fusion – 532single-modality view – 532
NDL 358anatomy – 358
Nd:YAG laser 548neck 891
anatomy – 891necrotizing granulomatous subcutaneous nodule 324NEO, see nasoethmoid orbitalneomycin 348neo-osteogenesis 316neo-ostium 609neoplastic cementoblast 414neosinus 642nerve sheath incision 370neural
crest cell – 36reflex – 199
neurilemmoma 420neurofibroma 420, 470neurofibromatosis 420neurohypophysis 485neuroma 340neurosyphilis 326neutropenia 257, 259neutrophil 157, 197, 214, 297
cell-surface adhesion molecule – 297nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome 399, 401NFD, see nasofrontal ductsnitric oxide (NO) 85, 195NLD, see nasolacrimal duct obstruction
934 Subject Index
Nocardia 212nodular skin lesion 323non-allergic rhinitis 48, 248, 250non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) 392non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 610, 681
sensitivity – 610nose, see also nasal 5, 7, 8, 77, 123, 130, 222, 259, 447, 661,
695, 696, 699, 771, 793, 794aesthetic proportion – 696anatomy – 5, 695, 696, 771arterial supply – 794benign tumor – 661bleeding – 633
algorithm for the management – 633blood supply – 7congenital absence – 130congenital malformation – 123external soft tissue – 793fungal ball – 259fungal colonization – 222innervation – 7, 794lateral wall – 8length – 5lymphatic drainage – 699malignancy – 447normal development – 123structural narrowing – 77superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) – 7width – 5
nosocomialinfection – 289sinusitis – 222
nostril sill 12NPT, see nasopharyngitis
OOA, see ophthalmic arteryobjective nasal airway testing 173oblique line 822obstructive
polyposis – 596sinusitis – 44sleep apnea (OSA) – 486
odiosoft rhino 173odontogenesis 416odontogenic
cyst – 396epithelium – 411fibroma – 413keratocyst – 57, 398, 399, 401, 403, 410
treatment – 399myxoma – 410, 414, 415
treatment – 415neoplasm – 424tumor – 57, 403, 408
odontoma 57, 415treatment – 416
odorantidentification test – 118molecule – 91, 92receptor molecule – 91
odor event-related potential (OERP) 118olfactory
bulb – 92, 98cleft – 119disorder – 115, 116, 117, 118, 119
imaging – 118management – 119otolaryngological evaluation – 116screening test – 118testing of olfactory function – 117
dysfunction – 98, 99, 271age-related – 99toxic exposure – 98
epithelium (OE) – 91, 99function – 167knob – 91nerve – 15, 498
axotomy – 99shearing – 99
neuroblastoma (ONB) – 54, 159, 391metastasis – 391radiotherapy – 391
neuroepithelium – 98neuron – 92, 100
apoptosis – 100receptor neuron (ORN) – 97sensory neuron – 91testing – 117tract – 93, 99
injury – 99OMC, see ostiomeatal complexOMU, see ostiomeatal unitONB, see olfactory neuroblastomaonlay graft 708Onodi cell 27, 40, 535, 563, 584, 648Onodi-Grünwald cell 501OPF, see osteoplastic flapophthalmic artery (OA) 637, 648
compression – 648ophthalmology 288ophthalmoplegia 288, 489optic
atrophy – 369chiasm – 674nerve – 49, 367, 368, 369, 372, 590, 647, 648, 649, 770
anatomy – 368, 648canal swelling – 770damage – 590decompression – 369, 372, 535, 647
image guidance – 535in traumatic situations – 647
entrapment – 770injury – 367, 368
Subject Index 935
meningioma – 647physiology – 368secondary lesion – 648sheath incision – 649surgical approach – 369traumatic injury – 648
neuritis – 47optical density 243optical-tracking image-guidance system 523, 530, 531opticocarotid recess 28oral
cavity – 212, 396normal flora – 212odontogenic cyst – 396
glucocorticosteroid – 596steroid – 348
orbicularisfiber – 913oculi muscle – 880, 883
hypertrophy – 883oris fiber – 910
orbit 369, 370, 637, 639, 642, 643angiofibroma – 642cavernous hemangioma – 642mucocele – 642osteoma – 642penetrating lesion – 639rhabdomyosarcoma – 642surgical anatomy – 637surgical approach – 369transconjunctival approach – 370vascular supply – 637
orbitalabscess – 619apex syndrome – 49blowout fracture – 813cellulitis – 47, 619decompression – 535
image guidance – 535fat – 878, 880, 881
herniation – 881pseudoherniation – 878, 880
floor – 637fracture – 639
haematoma – 589haemorrhage – 589infection – 289, 640muscle – 368periosteum – 288surgery – 644
complication – 644pre- and postoperative care – 644
trauma – 368, 638tumor – 638
computed tomography (CT) – 638magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) – 638
venous system – 638
wall – 442, 803biopsy – 442fracture – 803
orbito-cranial canal 26oropharynx 212orthokeratinizing odontogenic cyst 403
treatment – 403orthokeratosis 403Osler-Weber-Rendu disease 142, 159ossiculum of Bertini 14ossifying fibroma 417, 418
treatment – 418ostectomy 418osteitis 195
deformans – 424osteoblast 831osteoblastoma 419osteochondroma 419osteoclast 426, 831osteoconduction 426osteogenic sarcoma 473
in children – 473osteoid 831
osteoma – 419osteoinduction 426osteoma 57, 314, 377, 378, 379, 420
eburnated – 378ethmoid bone – 379frontal recess – 379radiology – 378spongiosum – 378therapy – 379
osteomyelitis 195, 293, 444osteoplastic flap 315, 443, 444
technique – 310, 535osteoradionecrosis 464, 466, 473osteosarcoma 60, 424, 471
in children – 471osteotome 183, 707osteotomy 8, 9, 10, 127, 433, 442, 448, 449, 454, 456, 464,
471, 708, 720, 748, 763lower lateral cartilage – 10nasal bone – 9
ostiomeatalcomplex (OMC) – 15, 194, 204, 515, 553, 559
mucosal disease – 204unit (OMU) – 44
otitisexterna – 348media – 205, 221, 241
microbiology – 221otoplasty 903, 904
preoperative evaluation – 904surgical technique – 904
otoscopy 250oxymetazoline 182, 487, 631, 782
936 Subject Index
PPaget’s disease 60, 424painful teeth 337pain of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction 337palatal
cyst of the newborn – 406, 407fissure – 136
palate 132palatoplasty 914palisading granuloma 322palpebral fissure 825PANDO, see primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructionpansinus operation 562papilloma 53, 54, 159
carcinoma ex-inverted – 54fusiform – 53inverted – 54
paracetamol 681paradoxical turbinate 38paraffinomas 645para-influenza virus 216
type III – 98parakeratosis 399paranasal sinus (PNS) 13, 14, 35, 36, 37, 50, 61, 123, 192, 203,
222, 259, 271, 272, 290, 340, 377, 378, 387, 389, 390, 392, 431, 447, 497, 528, 529, 553, 587, 628, 637, 661, 687anatomy – 13, 37, 587benign fungal hyphal colonization – 50benign tumor – 377, 661blood supply – 628cancer – 389
TNM – 389carcinoma – 340congenital malformation – 123CT scan – 36, 272, 529development – 36embryological development – 14en bloc excision – 431endonasal endoscopically controlled technique – 637endonasal surgery – 587
complication – 587fungal ball – 259fungal colonization – 222imaging – 192, 529infection – 271, 290lateral nasal wall – 37magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – 36, 529malignancy – 387, 447metastases – 61mucosa – 14mucosal melanoma – 392nerve – 497osteoma – 378ostia – 190
obstruction – 190plain radiography – 35pneumatization – 687
squamous cell carcinoma – 390surgery – 553surgical navigation – 528vessel – 497
parasellar imaging 671parenthesis deformity 79Parkes chisel 720Parkinson’s disease (PD) 99parosmia 98, 99, 100, 116, 119parotidectomy 443paroxysmal hemicrania 338pars nervosa 485patent foramen cecum 479PEA, see posterior ethmoid arterypeak flow rate measurement 69peau d’ orange 848pediatric
craniofacial surgery – 474nasal deformity – 787sinusitis – 203, 206, 207
antibiotic therapy – 207diagnosis – 206evaluation – 206pathophysiology – 203surgical treatment – 207
skull-base tumor – 469surgical approach – 469
peel procedure 857penicillin 213, 346Penrose rubber drain 432Peptostreptococcus 213, 225perennial
allergic rhinitis (PAR) – 248antigen – 250pollenosis – 249
perfluorocarbon/osmium fixation 86perforating lateral osteotomy 708periapical
cemento-osseous dysplasia – 418cyst – 404, 405
treatment – 405perichondrium 702periciliary fluid 86pericranial
flap – 450, 454, 462, 465, 471, 473wrapping – 464
periodontal cyst 398, 410perioral rhytid 846periorbita 442, 649
biopsy – 442ecchymosis – 771emphysema – 589
periosteum 702peripheral
ameloblastoma – 413blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) – 235ostectomy – 399
Subject Index 937
Perlane 874perpendicular plate 37petrous bone 678Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 276phantom tooth pain 337phantosmia 116, 117, 119pharyngeal-basilar flap 678pharyngitis 156
syphilitic – 156PHDP, see porous high density polyethylenePHDPE implant 763, 766, 767phenol 855, 856phenol-croton oil 855
peel – 858Pierre-Robin sequence 910pigmentation disorder 855pilomatrixoma 403P. intermedia 219Piper methysiticum 862piriform
aperture – 77, 762over-narrowing – 77
cortex – 92Pitanguy flap 896pituitary
adenoma – 485, 486disease – 487disorder – 134fossa – 486macroadenoma – 672
with clival invasion – 672surgery – 485, 489
complication – 489pixie ear deformity 900pizotifen 338plain film 507planktonic bacteria 241, 243plasmacytoma 672Platyrrhine nose 761platysma 892platysmal band 848, 892plurisinusal disease 582P. melaninogenica 215PMMA, see polymethacrylatepneumatization 14, 27, 313pneumocephalus 450, 478pneumococcal vaccination 207Pneumocystis carinii 264pneumonia 108
ventilator-associated – 108pneumotachograph 66, 70pneumotachometer 172PNS, see paranasal sinusPoiseuille’s law 774pollybeak deformity 7, 707, 726, 751polyester mesh 836polyethylene 835
terephthalate – 836
polyglactin (Vicryl) mesh 750polyhedral epithelial cell 411polyhydramnios 136Poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) 837polymethacrylate (PMMA) 871, 872
microsphere – 872polyp 44, 47, 48, 268, 594, 608
development – 268eosinophilia – 236scoring for – 608
polypectomy 279, 280, 594, 595polypoid
disease – 273mucosa – 44, 258rhinosinusitis – 279
polyposis 44, 48, 167, 221, 287, 293, 392polyrrhinia 132polysaccharide 243polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) 833polytomography 507popply chin 848Porex implant 835porous high-density polyethylene (PHDP) 763, 767, 835Porphyromonas 212, 213positron emission tomography (PET) 533posterior
ethmoid air cell – 26ethmoid artery (PEA) – 629, 631, 638fossa –
invasion – 672meningioma – 339
nasal packing – 145table fracture – 812
postherpetic neuralgia 340postnasal rhinomanometry 172postoperative wound care 564post-peel
healing – 858hyperpigmentation – 858
postrhinoplasty deformity 748, 750postsaccal stenosis 622postsurgical
fracture – 425neurogenic pain – 341
post-upper respiratory infection (URI) loss 97potassium hydroxide (KOH) 256Pott’s puffy tumor 293preaponeurotic fat 885prednisone 252pregnancy rhinitis 174preinjury deformity 772prenasal space theory 128preseptal cellulitis 640pressure
gradient – 66measurement – 66mucocele – 292
pretarsal rhytid 846
938 Subject Index
Prevotella 212, 213prick test 250primary
acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) – 618ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) – 86, 275, 300mucosal anastomosis – 624
principle components analysis (PCA) 106proboscis 131prognathism 132prolactinoma 657prolene suture 763Propionibacterium 212, 213, 225proptosis 288, 289prostaglandin
D synthase – 654E₂ (PGE₂) – 271, 611
proteoglycan 832Proteus mirabilis 218prothrombin time (PT) 486pseudocyst 395, 408
of the jaws – 408pseudo-ephedrine 252pseudohypertelorism 132Pseudomonas 242, 297, 346
aeruginosa – 109, 218, 242, 244, 296pseudonormoaeration 577pseudotumor 287
cerebri – 479psoriasis 235pterygomaxillary fossa (PMF) 140pterygopalatine
fossa – 16, 56, 381, 498, 578, 630ganglion – 167, 483
purulentNPT – 223rhinorrhea – 197
pyocele 48, 642pyogenic granuloma 160Pyrex Jones tube 364pyriform aperture 134, 135, 433, 708
stenosis – 135
QQOL, see quality-of-lifequadrangular cartilage 777quality-of-life 453question mark skin incision 473quorum sensing 196, 243, 245, 296
RRA, see rheumatoid arthritisradiation
exposure – 529therapy – 100, 101
Radiesse 750, 837radioactive iodine 101radiofrequency
ablation (RFA) – 176volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) – 548
radionuclide cisternography 480radix 6, 701, 727
contour – 704graft – 708
Rains frontal sinus stent 604RAST (radio-allergosorbent test) 250Rathke’s
cleft cyst – 489pouch – 485, 486
Raynaud’s phenomenon 158reactive airway disease 235real-time intraoperative imaging 538recessus 502, 503
cristae galli – 502of Palfyn – 502of the sphenoid sinus – 503terminalis – 20
reconstructive graft 706recovery stroke 84rectus abdominis free flap 466recurrent
ameloblastoma – 413rhinosinusitis – 610sinus disease – 608, 612
GERD – 612quality of life (QoL) – 608
reepithelialization 862regional flap 462registration 530renal cell carcinoma 392Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome 632
epistaxis – 632respiratory
cilia – 84distress – 687epithelium – 91tract infection – 197virus – 216
Restylane 750, 836, 874resurfacing 855retinoblastoma 471retrobulbar abscess 47retrobullar space 25reversed nuclear polarity 412revision
endoscopy –dacryocystorhinostomy – 364hypophysectomy – 489sinus surgery (ESS) – 534, 609
imaging – 609mechanical obstruction – 609specific aetiological aspect – 609
ethmoid surgery – 602rhinoplasty – 747sinus surgery – 602, 603, 604, 607, 610, 612
bronchial asthma – 610corticosteroid – 612mechanical care – 612
Subject Index 939
navigation system – 604timing – 611
rhabdomyosarcoma 56, 392, 473, 642in children – 473
rheumatoid arthritis 158, 324rhinion 7, 702rhinitis 75, 79, 120, 169, 174, 175, 176, 247, 249, 773
hypothyroidism – 176medicamentosa – 120, 169, 174pregnancy – 175sicca – 785treatment – 249
rhinobasis 499Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire 349rhinogram 172rhinoliquoral fistula 584rhinologic
allergy – 268pain – 336
rhinomanometry 66, 67, 68, 71, 171, 172, 173, 174, 546, 774, 775measurement of airflow – 173
rhinometer 68rhinoplasty 5, 7, 67, 76, 78, 127, 128, 154, 176, 182, 431, 713,
714, 782, 795endonasal approach – 713evaluation – 795game plan approach – 714open approach – 182pinched tip stigmata – 782septal perforation – 154
rhinorrhea 106, 168, 204, 271, 337rhinoscleroma 156, 327rhinoscopy 116, 145, 192rhinosinusitis 15, 109, 115, 119, 189, 190, 192, 197, 198, 217,
250, 256, 299, 335, 339, 345, 350, 519, 554, 559bacteria – 197classification – 190community-acquired – 217definition – 190disability index (RSDI) – 192e-nose – 109fungal – 256herbal treatment – 350macrolide antibiotic – 299outcome measure (RSOM 31) – 192physical symptom – 190smell loss – 119surgical indication – 559treatment – 198
rhinosporidiosis 156, 328Rhinosporidium seeberi 328rhinostomy 360rhinotomy 127, 442, 448rhinovirus 216Rhizopus 258
oryzae – 155, 257rhytide 833, 858, 859
rhytidectomy 848, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 896, 899, 900, 901alopecia – 900anesthesia – 893complication – 899earlobe deformity – 900facial analysis – 891facial nerve injury – 900flap insetting – 896incision – 893infection – 900medication – 891muscle – 892nerve – 892one-layer – 892parotid injury – 900patient –
evaluation – 890selection – 891
postoperative management – 898postoperative pain – 901preparation – 893scar – 900surface irregularities – 900technique – 892
rhytidosis 891rib cartilage 750rigid rod endoscope 520rocker deformity 9, 749roxithromycin 277, 295, 301, 596rubber silicone tube 689Rushton body 396, 405Russell body 156, 327, 328
Ssaddle nose deformity 322, 324, 327, 704, 706, 750, 751, 756,
762, 798, 814syphilis – 327
SAg, see superantigensalivary gland neoplasm 432salt taste sensitivity 101Samter’s triad 199, 235, 293sarcoidosis 157, 322, 324sarcoma 470, 473
in children – 470, 473Saturday morning headache 338Satyr’s ear 900Sayer elevator 777scanning electron microscopy 242SCC, see squamous cell carcinomaSchirmer’s test 878Schlieren photography 70Schneiderian mucosa 382schwannoma 420, 470
in children – 470scintillography 619scleroma 327sclerosis 47
940 Subject Index
scotomata 337Sculptra 837seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) 248secondary acquired lacrimal drainage obstruction 618secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD) 86sellar
bony-wall dehiscence – 670plastic surgery – 679
sense of smell 116sepsis 293septal
angle – 715cartilage – 183, 750, 783cartilage graft – 752deformity – 776hematoma – 770mucosal flap – 154perforation – 153, 154, 157, 185, 322, 330
management – 154Wegener’s granulomatosis – 157
repair – 797open approache – 797
surgery – 181, 182, 184endoscopic approach – 184technique – 182
turbinate – 160whipstitch – 769, 778
septectomy 316septodermoplasty 160septonasal deformity 774
examining – 774septoplasty 5, 8, 67, 77, 152, 154, 176, 181, 182, 184, 185, 360,
546, 562, 705, 728, 774cerebrospinal fluid leak – 184effectiveness – 185infection – 184nasal packing – 184septal hematoma – 184septal perforation – 154
septorhinoplasty 7, 710septula 502septum 5, 75, 787, 794
anatomy – 5epidemiology – 787nasi – 496
serologic testing 207sharp elevator 555shield tip graft 732short flap technique 895short tau inversion recovery (STIR) 510sialadenitis 101sickle knife 516, 555silastic 834
malar augmentation – 835sheeting – 316splint – 79, 710tubing – 363
silent sinus syndrome 339
siliconeelastomer – 834film – 663nasal implant – 762strut – 762
L-shape – 762suction tube – 689tube – 622
silver nitrate cautery 145Simons’ modification 717simple bone cyst 408sincipital encephalocele 124, 126sinogenic pain 336sinonasal
ACC – 391adenocarcinoma – 390cavity – 315, 316
endoscopic examination – 315disease – 42endoscopy – 486fungal infection – 329inflammatory disease – 174, 321malignancy – 447malignant tumor – 664
follow-up – 664outcome – 664
melanoma – 392mucosa – 14natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma – 158neoplasm – 144, 271, 387
occupational exposure – 387outcome test-20 (SNOT-20) – 192, 300papilloma – 159, 382polyposis – 44, 268, 273
CT scan – 273rhabdomyosarcoma – 392T-cell lymphoma – 392tract – 527
image-guidance system – 527tumor – 387, 388
classification – 388computed tomography (CT) – 388magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – 388positron emission tomography (PET) – 388
undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) – 390, 643Sinupret 350sinus 13, 213, 214, 215, 217, 609, 673
anatomy – 13aspirate – 214
for culture – 213cavity – 48disease – 519, 561
Friedman CT staging system – 561high-resolution computed tomography (CT) – 519Lund-Mackay CT staging system – 561
drainage pathway – 609epithelium cell – 217infection – 214, 291
Subject Index 941
lateralis – 25normal bacterial flora – 215opacification – 561osteoma – 377, 378pneumatisation – 670, 673puncture – 213, 217surgery – 515
instrumentation – 515sinusitis 38, 47, 109, 203, 204, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217,
218, 222, 223, 242, 272, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 335, 489atypical organism – 222bacterial biofilm – 109bone remodeling – 293bony complication – 293classification system – 288community-acquired acute purulent – 217contrast-enhanced sinus CT – 272danger triangle – 291definition – 204diagnosis – 204evaluation – 288fungal – 223infection – 213intracranial complication – 289, 290
evaluation – 290microbiology – 211, 218nasal bacterial flora – 215nosocomial – 217, 222orbital complication – 287pediatric – 203sepsis – 293systemic complication – 293treatment – 288viral infection – 216
sinusoidal cancer 642sinusotomy 308, 310, 482skin 7
blood supply – 7flap necrosis – 899resurfacing – 855, 887, 892
blepharoplasty – 887laser – 861
testing – 207thickness – 7, 697
skin-prick test 270, 610skin-soft tissue envelope 7skull-base 469, 471, 654
anatomy – 469fracture – 654procedure – 469
in children – 469surgery – 474
in children – 474tumor – 470, 471
histopathology – 470resection – 470surgical technique – 471
skull-based procedure 443wound healing – 443
skull fracture 656SLE, see systemic lupus erythematosusSluder’s syndrome 339SMAS, see superficial musculo-aponeurotic systemsmashed nose 798smell
disorder, – see also olfactory disorder 115, 119laboratory test – 119
identification test (SIT) – 99, 117loss – 116, 119
sensory–neural cause – 119URI-related – 119
smoker’s lines 846, 891snap test 878Sniffin’ Sticks test 117snowflake calcification 409SNUC, see sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomasodium
cromoglycate – 252fluorescein – 480
soft thermoplastic splint 406soft tissue
sarcoma – 471shaver – 517, 521trauma – 778, 796triangle – 12
sphenoethmoidcell – 27, 501recess – 44
sphenoethmoidectomy 482, 648sphenoid
bone variation – 670mucocele – 578ostium – 16, 28, 580sinus – 27, 38, 40, 203, 204, 502, 575, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 672
approach – 672, 680benign tumour – 578beyond the sphenoid access – 672computed tomography (CT) – 575direct paraseptal approach – 580endoscopic image – 577four-handed procedure – 582leak – 482, 657magnetic resonance (MR) image – 575pneumatization – 27, 38, 40surgery – 581surgical access – 579transethmoidal approach – 582transethmoid-pterygoid-sphenoidal approach – 584type of approach – 580
sinusitis – 47sphenoidotomy 16, 370, 435, 454, 483, 631sphenoid sinus surgery 648sphenopalatine
artery (SPA) – 15, 140, 182, 483, 497, 581, 628, 678
942 Subject Index
block – 289foramen – 16, 56, 147, 380, 498, 578, 628, 631ganglion – 8neuralgia – 339
spinal cord 369spirometry 68, 69, 610split calvarial bone graft 457, 461, 462, 466, 473split-thickness skin graft 457Spock eyes 844spreader graft 705, 715, 776, 785squamous
cell carcinoma (SCC) – 51, 159, 382, 390, 454, 664of the nasal cavity – 390paranasal sinus – 390
odontogenic tumor – 410treatment – 410
S-STE, see skin-soft tissue envelopestandard nose calibration 174staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) 232, 234, 236
A (SEA) – 216B (SEB) – 216
Staphylococcus 214aureus – 109, 145, 155, 184, 212, 216, 217, 220, 242, 244, 271, 288, 292, 346, 867
enterotoxin – 145methicillin-resistant – 288, 292
coagulase-negative – 214epidermidis – 212, 217, 220
STARD guideline 71static wrinkle 842status asthmaticus 199steatoblepharon 878stereotactic surgery with CT scanning 528Sternberg’s canal 576sternocleidomastoid muscle 896steroid 175, 205, 596sterotactic image-guided surgery 522STIR, see short tau inversion recoverystrabismus 840stratum corneum 863Streptococcus 212, 214, 220
alpha-hemolytic – 212, 214, 220pneumoniae – 205, 220, 225, 271, 291, 346
Streptomyces erythreus 295stuffy nose 165, 174
treatment – 174Sturmann-Canfield operation 556subcranial preauricular infratemporal fossa (SPIF) 435subcutaneous
musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) – 794tissue – 7
subdural abscess 291submental
liposuction – 894platysmaplasty – 894
submucouscautery – 176resection (SMR) – 176
suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) 883subperiosteal abscess 47, 288, 641sucker 517superantigen (SAg) 196, 216, 231, 232, 233, 236, 610
activation – 236effect on T-lymphocyte – 233response – 233staphylococcal – 232streptococcal – 232
superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) 698, 702, 890, 892, 895, 896flap technique – 896imbrication – 896management – 896plication – 896suspension technique – 895
superior turbinate 16supernumerary nostril 132support vector machine (SVM) 108, 109suprabullar cell 307supraorbital cell 26, 307suprasellar lesion 670surgical navigation system 13sutured-in-place columellar strut 728swab 107sweat chloride test 275sweet tastant 95synechiae 588synovial chondromatosis 419synthetic material 762syphilis 156, 326, 327
saddle nose deformity – 327systemic
juvenile idiopathic arthritis – 158lupus erythematosus – 158steroid – 261
Ttachyphylaxis 252Takahashi forcep 777tarsorrhaphy 432taste
bud – 94, 101dysfunction – 97, 100
age-related – 100function – 101
heavy metal – 101medication – 101
loss – 100sensation – 94
T-cell 196, 234, 331activation – 196, 232differentiation – 331lymphoma – 158, 330oligoclonality – 234proliferation – 196receptor (TCR) – 196, 216, 232, 233, 331
TCR, see T-cell receptor
Subject Index 943
tear drainage 618telangiectasia 632, 859telecanthus 448, 464, 810telephoto lens 520telescope 515temperature-controlled CO₂ laser soldering technique 466temporal arteritis 338temporalis muscle flap 457, 464, 465temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 419temporoparietal fascia 892Tenon’s capsule 638tenotomy 728
scissors – 915tension
headache – 336, 340, 341nose deformity – 728pneumocephalus – 444, 462, 473
teratoid cyst 407teratoma 136terbinafine 101, 264TESPAL, see transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery liga-
tiontest nostril 173T-helper cell 233thermal injury 862thermoplastic splint 423thrombophlebitis 47, 263, 291through-cutting instrument 517, 521thyroid
cancer – 101stimulating hormone (TSH) – 878
thyroidectomy 175tip
asymmetry – 726, 744deformity – 751edema – 448projection – 720, 730, 826ptosis – 168, 174, 727, 748
tip-defining point 10, 11tissue-closure technique 466tissue eosinophilia 231, 235titanium 836
mesh – 457, 461, 464, 466T-lymphocyte 232, 233TMJ, see temporomandibular jointtobacco exposure 98tobramycin 348TOD, see transnasal orbital decompressionTON, see traumatic optic neuropathytongue 93, 101
malposition – 909tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique 724, 728topical
antibiotic – 347antifungal treatment – 349corticosteroid – 276decongestion – 279, 349steroid – 348
torticollis 841torus
ethmoidalis – 500lateralis – 25mandibularis – 423palatinus – 423
toxicexposure – 98reactive oxygen – 197shock syndrome – 145, 235, 481
toxin-1 (TSS T-1) – 216, 232toxin-specific IgE antibody 271
staphylococcal – 271streptococcal – 271
tracheostomy 133tracking 531transethmoid-sphenoidal approach 677transferrin 479transfixion 715
incision – 11, 720transnasal
endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (TESPAL) – 17, 146maxillary sinus fenestration – 553orbital decompression (TOD) – 640tumor resection – 381
transorbital-sphenoid decompression 370transsphenoid access 674trapdoor fracture 509trauma 116
mucocele – 292smell loss – 116
traumatichead injury – 368nerve injury – 368optic nerve affection – 647optic neuropathy (TON) – 367, 369, 370
computed tomography (CT) – 369lateral facial approach – 370magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – 369therapy – 369
Treponema palladium 156particle agglutination (TP-PA) test – 327
triad asthma 199trichion 820, 826trigeminal
caudal nucleus – 341nerve – 15, 28, 118, 199, 794
stimulation – 118neuralgia – 336, 339
tripodconcept – 697fracture – 801leg – 727theory – 739
tuberculoid leprosy 328tuberculosis (TB) 156, 326tumescent liposuction 833
944 Subject Index
tumor bleeding 380turbinate 14, 75, 77, 152, 176, 261, 545
disease – 548laser application – 548
hypertrophy – 152, 176, 261inferior – 545surgery – 77, 545
turbinectomy 360, 435, 546, 548, 775turbinoplasty 775Turcot’s/Gardener’s syndrome 470turkey gobbler deformity 892Twilight anesthesia 893two-flap 914
palatoplasty – 915tympanostomy tube 914
Uuncinate process 20, 40, 307, 308, 309, 359, 496, 500, 570uncinectomy 20, 21, 289, 360, 563, 631Underwood’s septa 499unicystic ameloblastoma 412, 413
treatment – 413unilateral submucoperichondrial flap 777University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test
(UPSIT) 117upper
eyelid – 823, 878, 880blepharoplasty – 804, 880dermatochalasis – 878
lateral cartilage (ULC) – 432, 702, 771lip – 824, 826respiratory infection (URI) – 115, 116, 290
smell loss – 116respiratory tract – 211respiratory virus – 190third deformity – 748, 750
urticaria 250
Vvacuum
dissector – 517, 519pain – 339
valacyclovir 856Valsalva maneuver 478valve
collapse – 752of Hasner – 618
vascular dysplasia 159, 632vasculitis 158, 322vasomotor rhinitis 546V-beta
clonal proliferation – 237signature – 233
VDD, see vertical dome divisionVenereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) 156, 327ventriculoperitoneal shunt 657ventriculostomy 473vermilion flap 913
vertex 820vertical
dome division (VDD) – 716, 717vector growth – 419
vestibularmucosa – 80stenosis (VS) – 436
vestibulum nasi 496Vidian
artery – 675, 678foramen – 584, 678nerve – 15, 28, 483, 503
viral rhinosinusitis 216visual
acuity – 878field defect – 337loss – 369
visual analogue scale 67vomer 152vortex-propelled nebulizer system 349
WWaldeyer’s ring 15Water’s radiograph 205watery rhinorrhoea 654Weber-Fergusson incision 136, 431, 449, 454, 471Wegener’s granulomatosis 157, 159, 275, 321, 325whistle deformity 913window resection 181wire osteosynthesis 813Woodruff ’s plexus 141, 145, 627w-plasty 440Wright peak flow meter 69wrinkle lines 858wrist fracture 770
Xxenogenic filler 870Xeroform packing 785xerostomia 100, 101xylometazoline 67, 349
YYoung’s procedure 160
Zzafirlukast 278, 350ZF, see zygomaticofrontalzileuton 278, 350ZM, see zygomaticomaxillaryZMC, see zygomaticomaxillary complexzonal coagulative necrosis 159Z-plasty technique 79Zuckerkandl’s fontanelle 500Zwaardemaker technique 70Zyderm 836, 870, 871zygoma 443, 820
Subject Index 945
zygomaticarch – 806bone – 801fracture – 801
zygomaticofrontal (ZF) suture 801zygomaticomaxillary
complex (ZMC) fracture – 801, 803, 804, 806, 807classification – 804complication – 807
fixation – 807imaging – 803reduction of displaced fracture – 806treatment – 804
displacement – 802(ZM) suture – 801
Zygomycete 256, 257Zyplast 836, 871
946 Subject Index
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