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Stakeholder meeting on water scarcity and droughts – Brussels, 27 April 2010 1

Monitoring droughts at the European scale:The European Drought Observatory

Simone Rossi, Stefan NiemeyerEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre

Institute for Environment and SustainabilityIspra (VA), Italy


Platform for drought detection and monitoring, forecasting, and information exchange

Commonly agreed products (e.g. drought indices)Joint comparison and analysis of information

Multi-scale approachContinental level MS level Regional level

Subsidiarity principleEuropean level information (+ platform) to be developed and managed at JRCNational datasets managed at MS levelRegional information processed by river basin / regional environmental authorities

A European Drought Observatory


Subsidiarity principle within EDO

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (MARM)Observatorio Nacional de la SequíaSistema Integrado de Información del Agua (SIA)e.g. drought indicator, actual ET, …

Joint Research CentreDrought Monitoring and ForecastingEDO drought indicators

p g y p ypp g y p yp

Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro SAIH Ebro, SITEbroEvolucción de la reserva hidraulica


Contributions to the European Drought Observatory

The EDO Portal


No single operational definition of drought works in all circumstances!

Different Definitions of Drought

from the National Drought Mitigation Center


Different Drought indicators

A multidisciplinary set of indicators to constantly monitor the various environmental components potentially affected by droughts (soil, vegetation, etc.) in order to obtain a comprehensive and updated picture of the situation.

No single operational definition of drought

(Source : USGS)


The EDO Portal

http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/


•

Soil Moisture

Daily soil moistureDaily soil moisture anomalyForecasted soil moisture anomalyForecasted soil moisture trend

•

Precipitation

Monthly Standardized PrecipitationIndex

•

Vegetation statusNDWI 10-day daily compositesfAPAR 10-day composites.fAPAR anomalies 10-day composites.

Products available @ the EDO Map Server


Soil Moisture Soil Moisture Anomaly

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 wetter normal drier

1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 very wet very dry

Soil Moisture Information, Daily Maps

EDO – Soil Moisture Drought Products


•

1-week trend of soil moisture

wetter normal drier -4 -2 0 +2 +4

•

1-week anomaly forecast

EDO – Soil Moisture Drought Products


SPI values

are classified

as:Very

dry: less

than

-2Moderate dry: between

-1.5 and -2Dry: between

-1.5 and -1Normal: between

-1 and 1Wet: between

1 and 1.5Moderate wet: between

1.5 and 2Very

wet: more than

2

•

One of the most used drought indices •

Calculated for different averaging periods (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months).

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 very wet very dry2 1 0 -1 -2

EDO – Meteorological Drought Products


Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) 10-day composites

EDO – Remote Sensing Drought Products


The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR)

Indicator of the state and productivity of vegetation.

fAPAR is a measure of the canopy’s energy absorption capacity (how large a fraction of the sunlight leaves absorb in the 0.4–0.7 μm spectrum).

http://fapar.jrc.ec.europa.eu



MERIS fAPAR anomalies

21-31 May 2009

Positive anomaly

Negative anomaly



fAPAR for Spain derived from ESA ENVISAT/MERIS

June-August 2008 (10-day periods)

fAPAR Anomaly 1999-2006compared to SPI-3 drought



Comparison of the performancesfAPAR anomalies VS NDVI anomalies

fAPAR –SPI3 NDVI –SPI3

Positive correlation on 95.5% of the area

Positive correlation on 79.4% of the area

Products available @ the EDO Map Server

(Rossi et al 2008)


Kml Google Earth file

Output options @ the EDO Map Server


Report generation(pdf)

Output options @ the EDO Map Server


Multisource Drought Monitoring: examples

fAPAR anomalies, soil moisture anomalies, and SPI3

Agricultural area in Suffolk


Maps from: Terry Marsh (CEH Wallingford), The UK drought of 2003 - an overviewhttp://www.nwl.ac.uk/ih/nrfa/yb/yb2003/drought2003/

Oct 2002-Jan 2003 regional rainfall totals in mm and as a percentage of the 1961-90 average

Aug-Oct 2003 regional rainfall totals in mm and as a percentage of the

1961-90 average

Soil Moisture Deficits in mm at the end of September 2003




Drought events in 2005 and 2006.




Drought impacts on agricultural production

Andalusia


Continuous testing and improvement of the indicators already regularly produced.

Implementation of additional drought information and water availability indicators (e.g. low flows, snow cover)

Implementation of a composite drought indicator.

Inclusion of drought information produced by national and regional authorities.

Way Forward for EDO


Thank you!

[email protected]://desert.jrc.ec.europa.eu