Southend In-SessionalWeek 9
Punctuation
,
.
:
;
!
?
...
it’s
“its”
(its)
in-sessional
with - spaces
A
Can you think of 6 situations in which you need to use a capital letter in English?
1.The first word in a sentence.2.Names of organisations
e.g. The University of Essex3. Days and months
Tuesday 1st December4.Nationality words
France and the French5.Names of people & places
Dr Reggie Miller from Beijing6.Titles (main words only)
The Lord of the Rings / The Duke of Kent
APOSTROPHES
1.To show contractions (NB Not academic style)
2.With possessives
Are the following uses of apostrophes correct or not?
a)Sabs has four girlfriend’s.
b)Egle’s got six boyfriends.
c)Denis’ best friend is imaginary.
d)Saki’s parents’ house is in the Kansai area of Japan.
e)Jacky looks more handsome in glasses’.
f)Reggie’s accent does not sound American.
g)Don’t forget to buy presents for you’re family.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00
http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00
http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00
http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00
COLONS
Which punctuation mark is used for the following purposes:
1)To introduce explanations
2)To start a list
3)To introduce a quotation
Match the examples below to the purposes above:
a)Two factors were discussed : cultural and social.
b)As Orwell said: “all art is propaganda”
c)The meeting was postponed: the Dean was ill.
SEMI-COLONS
Are used:
1)To show a strong link between two connected phrases, when a comma would be too weak and a full-stop too strong.
Twenty people were interviewed for the first study thirty-three for the second.
2)To divide up items in a list when they have a complex structure.
Among the presents received by the president were three oil paintings of himself, all flattering a pair of green parrots, which were very noisy a solid gold medal and three or four suits of clothes.
Can you add semi-colons to each example?
SEMI-COLONS
Are used:
1)To show a strong link between two connected phrases, when a comma would be too weak and a full-stop too strong.
Twenty people were interviewed for the first study; thirty-three for the second.
2)To divide up items in a list when they have a complex structure.
Among the presents received by the president were three oil paintings of himself, all flattering ;a pair of green parrots, which were very noisy; a solid gold medal; and three or four suits of clothes.
NB Semi-colons are quite rare in most types of writing. Whether you use them or not is your choice.
QUOTATION MARKS
Describe the function of the quotation marks in each example:
1)The word “quiz” was first used in the nineteenth century. (to emphasise a word)
2) Goodwin’s (1977) analysis of habit...indicates that, in general, “it will be more difficult to reverse a trend than to accentuate it”.
(to give quotations)
3) “Can anyone find the answer?” asked the lecturer.(to show direct speech)
PRACTICE
Mark will dictate 8 sentences. Write each one with correct punctuation:
a)On Tuesday June 6, 1759, in the church at Derby, Nicolas James married Mary Dewey.b)Professor Rowan’s new book, The Triumph of Capitalism, is published in New York.c)How many people would agree with John Lennon when he said: “all you need is love”?d)The probability was calculated for each of the three faculties: Physics, Biology, and Law.e)As Cammack (1994) points out: “Latin America is creating a new phenomenon: democracy without citizens.”f)Thousands of new words, such as “website”, enter the English language each year.g)Dr Tanner’s latest study focuses on children’s reactions to stress in the playground.h)She scored 56% on the main course; the previous semester she had achieved 67%.
Global revenues from gambling are rising
in a recent draw for euromillions an association of nine european lotteries two
sets of entrants from britain shared winnings of over €102m $152m the odds of
scooping that jackpot were one in 76m but for those who run lotteries lucrative
returns are almost guaranteed lotteries in europe which are mainly state-run
generate more revenues than other sorts of gambling americans and asians are
fonder of casinos gambling as an industry is growing: global revenues increased
by 24% in the four years from 2004 totalling some $358 billion in 2008 revenues
from online betting are a small share of the total at $20.2 billion but are
increasing fast however the recession has hit the industry in the past year or so
casino revenues in nevada for example fell by 8.9% in september compared with
a year ago
Global revenues from gambling are rising
Insert class text here
Global revenues from gambling are rising
IN A recent draw for EuroMillions, an association of nine European lotteries, two
sets of entrants from Britain shared winnings of over €102m ($152m). The odds
of scooping that jackpot were one in 76m, but for those who run lotteries
lucrative returns are almost guaranteed. Lotteries in Europe, which are mainly
state-run, generate more revenues than other sorts of gambling. Americans and
Asians are fonder of casinos. Gambling as an industry is growing: global
revenues increased by 24% in the four years from 2004, totalling some $358
billion in 2008. Revenues from online betting are a small share of the total, at
$20.2 billion, but are increasing fast. However the recession has hit the industry
in the past year or so. Casino revenues in Nevada, for example, fell by 8.9% in
September compared with a year ago.
GLOBAL REVENUES FROM GAMBLING ARE RISING
global revenueslucrative returns
generate revenuesstate-run
gambing as an industryrevenues from online betting
the recession has hit the industry
gamblinga recent draw for EuroMillions
sets of entrantsshared winnings of
the odds of (something happening)scoop the jackpot
casinosonline betting
a year agoin the past year or so
in 2008in the four years from 2004
risinggrowing
increased by 24%totalling some $358 billiona small share of the total
increasing fastfell by 8.9%compared with
LEXICAL SETS
expectations for the copenhagen climate conference held next
month in denmark have been steadily dwindling on sunday
november 15th as barack obama toured asia he and the
danish prime minister lars lokke rasmussen quietly agreed
what many had anticipated that no binding agreement would
be reached at the conference there is now no hope of new
legal targets for emissions reductions to replace those set out
in the kyoto protocol and which will lapse in 2012 instead the
pair suggested that the best to be expected is a political deal
on cutting emissions
EXPECTATIONS for the Copenhagen climate conference,
held next month in Denmark, have been steadily dwindling.
On Sunday November 15th, as Barack Obama toured Asia,
he and the Danish prime minister, Lars Lokke Rasmussen,
quietly agreed what many had anticipated—that no binding
agreement would be reached at the conference. There is now
no hope of new legal targets for emissions-reductions to
replace those set out in the Kyoto Protocol and which will
lapse in 2012. Instead the pair suggested that the best to be
expected is a political deal on cutting emissions.
some of the blame for this must be directed at capitol hill not
only will mr obama now not sign a cap and trade bill before
copenhagen the senate is not even expected to pass one the
house of representatives passed in june its version of cap and
trade but the senate preoccupied by a debate over the reform
of health care has left climate talks to inch along slowly
behind john kerry one of the senates cap and trade
champions now says he hopes for a vote on the bill only in the
spring
Some of the blame for this must be directed at Capitol Hill.
Not only will Mr Obama now not sign a cap-and-trade bill
before Copenhagen; the Senate is not even expected to pass
one. The House of Representatives passed in June its version
of cap-and-trade but the Senate, preoccupied by a debate
over the reform of health care, has left climate talks to inch
along slowly behind. John Kerry, one of the Senate’s cap-and-
trade champions, now says he hopes for a vote on the bill
only in the spring.
EXPECTATIONS for the Copenhagen climate conference, held next month in Denmark,
have been steadily dwindling. On Sunday November 15th, as Barack Obama toured Asia, he
and the Danish prime minister, Lars Lokke Rasmussen, quietly agreed what many had
anticipated—that no binding agreement would be reached at the conference. There is now no
hope of new legal targets for emissions-reductions to replace those set out in the Kyoto
Protocol and which will lapse in 2012. Instead the pair suggested that the best to be expected
is a political deal on cutting emissions.
Some of the blame for this must be directed at Capitol Hill. Not only will Mr Obama now not
sign a cap-and-trade bill before Copenhagen; the Senate is not even expected to pass one.
The House of Representatives passed in June its version of cap-and-trade but the Senate,
preoccupied by a debate over the reform of health care, has left climate talks to inch along
slowly behind. John Kerry, one of the Senate’s cap-and-trade champions, now says he hopes
for a vote on the bill only in the spring.
But American congressmen are not alone in shouldering responsibility. Each tortuous round
of negotiations ahead of Copenhagen has lengthened the list of issues up for debate. The
negotiating text is now a snarl of material that few parties can agree upon. And big
developing countries have been almost as immovable as America, at least publicly. China’s
president said in September that his country would in time cut the amount of carbon dioxide it
emits per unit of GDP by a “notable amount”. But Sun Guoshun, a Chinese diplomat in
Washington, says that a figure is unlikely to emerge before Copenhagen. India (a much
smaller polluter) has steadfastly resisted binding targets for poor countries. Many in
Washington believe that America, just as it did at Kyoto, will not accept a deal that requires
nothing concrete on emissions from the developing world. American congressman ___________________________ responsible.
The number of issues being debated…
America is not the only big country….
According to China’s president…
India…
A deal that does not include concrete targets from developing countries…
Yet this does not mean that America will never get around to cutting emissions. During Mr Obama’s trip to China climate change was at the top of the agenda. Some had hoped that Mr Obama and Hu Jintao, China’s president, might announce a means of breaking the negotiating deadlock. Instead they unveiled some practical measures on energy.
These include the creation of a Sino-American clean-energy research centre, with initial funding of $150m, and an electric-vehicles initiative. A plan was also aired to increase energy efficiency, especially in buildings. By some estimates, China will add housing and office space equivalent to America’s entire stock over the next 20 years.
The two countries also promised to work together on “cleaner” coal (both countries sit on huge reserves of the stuff). Carbon-capture-and-storage technology for coal-fired power plants does not yet work at the scale and cost required. But James Rogers, the head of Duke Energy, a big American utility, says optimistically that perhaps only China has the resources to develop a workable system of carbon-capture, and America could reap the benefits. Last, the two agreed to co-operate on finding and using natural gas from shale. Gas power emits just half the carbon-dioxide of coal.
Focusing on measures like efficiency and cleaner power rather than targets may be the only way to get a bill through the Senate and thus make a binding international deal possible. But the interplay between international negotiations and the Senate’s deliberations is delicate. The Senate wants proof that developing countries will not get off the hook while China and India will avoid commitments as long as it seems that the Senate is unwilling to move. Copenhagen is now unlikely to be celebrated as the city where the world took big steps towards tackling climate change. A binding deal will have to wait until 2010, perhaps at a mid-year meeting in Bonn or in December in Mexico City.
PUNCTUATION AND ERROR CORRECTION
This essay critically evaluates mainstream writings on management, focusing on
theories of bureaucracy and leadership in the organization. According to Linstead
et al (2004: 4), Management is ‘a complex field of activity that requires enormous
effort and will to do well’. In other word, there is no simple, right or wrong answer
for manager in organizations since management is about ‘a relational, differential
activity involving criteria that shift and environments that change at different rates’
(Linstead el al, 2005: 5). Therefore, it has shown that manager have to deal with
the complex and multifaceted issues involving ‘multiple realities, roles, identities
and multiple loyalties of individuals’ arise in everyday work situations (Linstead et
al, 2004: 7). As a result, it is important for manager to develop reflective practice
by adopting perspectives that help them identifying and developing an awareness
of assumptions, seeking alternatives ways of seeing situations and considering
things that challenge their perceptions about people, organizations and
themselves, which are ‘essential to the development of manager and more
importantly, the better practice of management’ (Linstead et al, 2004: 5).
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