South Africa

South Africa…

South Africa achieved South Africa achieved independence from Britain in 1910.independence from Britain in 1910.

Racial breakdown-Racial breakdown-White - 16%White - 16%Black - 70%Black - 70%Other - 14% mixed Other - 14% mixed

South Africa… In In 19481948 the Nationalist the Nationalist

party came to power in party came to power in South Africa.South Africa.

Mostly descended Mostly descended from from DutchDutch settlers settlers who favored who favored segregation.segregation.

Apartheid The Nationalist party established a The Nationalist party established a

strict legal system of apartheid, or strict legal system of apartheid, or the rigid separation of races.the rigid separation of races.

Apartheid

All South Africans were All South Africans were categorized according to their race.categorized according to their race.

Races were kept separate Races were kept separate Nonwhites could not vote.Nonwhites could not vote. Nonwhites could not live in white Nonwhites could not live in white

areas.areas.

Passbook

Apartheid… Supporters believed it would Supporters believed it would

allow each group to develop its allow each group to develop its own cultureown culture

80%80% of land remained in of land remained in white hands.white hands.

VS.

Apartheid Enforced a system Enforced a system

of inequality.of inequality.BathroomsBathroomsBeachesBeachesRestaurants Restaurants SchoolsSchools

Apartheid at a sporting event…

Bantu Authorities Act

Set up as reservations for blacks in Set up as reservations for blacks in S.A. – called “Bantustans”S.A. – called “Bantustans”

These were “independent” black These were “independent” black nations within S.A.nations within S.A.

Blacks were stripped of their S.A. Blacks were stripped of their S.A. citizenship and voting rightscitizenship and voting rights

Bantu Authorities Act Amounted to 13% of the land of S.A.Amounted to 13% of the land of S.A. Whites set up corrupt tribal leaders Whites set up corrupt tribal leaders

enforce the system on blacksenforce the system on blacks Law of 1970 made all blacks in S.A. Law of 1970 made all blacks in S.A.

citizens of the “homelands.”citizens of the “homelands.” Forced 3.5 million blacks into these Forced 3.5 million blacks into these

“homelands” from the 1950s-1980s“homelands” from the 1950s-1980s Idea was to remove all blacks from S.A.Idea was to remove all blacks from S.A.

Struggle Against Apartheid

Many black leaders demonstrated against Many black leaders demonstrated against Apartheid.Apartheid.Nelson MandelaNelson MandelaArchbishop Desmond Archbishop Desmond TutuTutuSteve BikoSteve Biko

Both encouraged Both encouraged NonviolentNonviolent resistance resistance to voice their views.to voice their views.

Peaceful demonstrations

Struggle Against Apartheid

South African police used South African police used violenceviolence to suppress protests. to suppress protests.

“Sharpeville Massacre”

During a peaceful During a peaceful demonstration police opened demonstration police opened fire killing more than 60 people.fire killing more than 60 people.

Nelson Mandela Gov. banned groups Gov. banned groups

that opposed apartheidthat opposed apartheid Black leaders like Black leaders like

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela went went into hiding.into hiding.

In 1964 he was In 1964 he was captured and placed in captured and placed in prison for life.prison for life.

Outside Pressure The rest of the world demanded South The rest of the world demanded South

Africa to change its ways.Africa to change its ways.OAUOAU - urged members to boycott - urged members to boycottUNUN placed arms embargo placed arms embargoOlympic CommitteeOlympic Committee banned S.A. from banned S.A. from

competition.competition.Many nations (Many nations (U.SU.S.) imposed economic .) imposed economic

sanctions on S.A.sanctions on S.A.

Steps toward change…Ending Apartheid

By mid 1980s changes were By mid 1980s changes were taking placetaking placeGov. repealed pass lawsGov. repealed pass lawsIn 1989 In 1989 F.W. de KlerkF.W. de Klerk

lifted ban on groups who lifted ban on groups who opposed Apartheidopposed Apartheid

Mandela was freed in 1991.Mandela was freed in 1991.

A new South Africa New constitution New constitution

was written in early was written in early 1990s to guarantee 1990s to guarantee rights for allrights for all

Mandela becomes Mandela becomes new presidentnew president

South Africa’s future

Mandela retired in 1999.Mandela retired in 1999. Thabo Thabo MbekiMbeki became new President became new President Still many issues in countryStill many issues in country

Corruption in gov.Corruption in gov.Economic issuesEconomic issuesAIDSAIDS is rampant in S.A. is rampant in S.A.

South Africa’s future Jacob Zuma won presidential election Jacob Zuma won presidential election

April 2009 (landslide ANC victory)April 2009 (landslide ANC victory) Been charged of corruption, but Been charged of corruption, but

acquittedacquitted Had been accused of rape, but acquittedHad been accused of rape, but acquitted