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EEnergy
Solar energy in the past decade
A German success story and chances for Vietnam
www.renewables-made-in-germany.com
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OutlineOutline
Part one: Technical options and potentialp pSolar energy systemsPotential and current utilization of of solar technology
P S l i GPart two: Solar energy usage in GermanyBy which mean did Germany rapidly increase solar energy use?
Part three: Solar energ sage in VietnamPart three: Solar energy usage in VietnamSuccess stories for implementing ‚solar home systems‘ Role of additional funding such as CDM revenuesRole of additional funding such as CDM revenues
Part four: Examples of solar installations
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The physical potential of renewable energiesThe physical potential of renewable energies
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Average Annual Global Solar InsolationAverage Annual Global Solar Insolation
kWh/m2/day
NASA, 2010Germany Vietnam
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Main terrestrial solar electricity market segmentsMain terrestrial solar electricity market segments
ConsumerOff-Grid Industrial
On-GridOff-Grid Residential
Source: RWE SHOTT Solar 2004
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Grid connected PV systemGrid connected PV system
Energetic performanceApproximate electricity generation cost
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Solar Home PV system (SHS)Solar Home PV system (SHS)
Schematic view of a Solar Home System
r1
Folie 7
r1 Graphs to be replaced by Conergy systemSebastian Randig; 23.02.2010
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Cumulative installed PV capactiy in EU27 and the worldCumulative installed PV capactiy in EU27 and the world
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PV module price experience curve since 1976 ($/W)PV module price experience curve since 1976 ($/W)
Historical Price Experience Curve:Doubling of cumulative production reduces prices by 22%reduces prices by 22%
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PV competitivenessPV competitiveness
Electricity€/kWh
ElectricityGeneratingCost for PV 0,8
1,0900 h/a:
0,60 €/kWh
and utilityprices 0,6
1800 h/a: 0,30 €/kWh
Photovoltaics
0,4
Utility peak power
Bulk power 0,0
0,2
p ,1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Source: RWE SHOTT Solar 2004
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Part two: Solar energy usage in Germany
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Energy in GermanyEnergy in Germany
Electricity generation in Germany TWh
German
600,00
700,00TWh energy
market isdominatedby thermal
400,00
500,00Other (TWh)
Renewables (TWh)
energysources.Renewableenergy
200,00
300,00Nuclear (TWh)
Gas (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
energygenerationslowlyincreasingits market
0,00
100,00Coal (TWh)
its marketshare.
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
European Comission, 2009
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Development of Renewables in GermanyDevelopment of Renewables in Germany
Photovoltaics makes up 1.7% of renewable energy source.Solar thermal energy makes up 1.8% renewable energy source.Policies have a significant effect on renewable energy development.New EEG policy (2004) has had the biggest impact on the solar energy development.
BMU, 2009
gy p
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Feed in TariffsFeed-in Tariffs
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to encourage the adoption of renewable energy sourcesof renewable energy sources.1990- Electricity Feed Act (StrEG) : Law requiring utilities providers to
purchase electricity generated from renewable sources for a set rate.2000- Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) : Reworked law, which set
individual rates based on energy source and project size. Gave 20 year guarantees but rates decline over timeyear guarantees, but rates decline over time.
2004- new EEG : Increase in the rates available within the EEG law.
BMU, 2009
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Solar PV installations since since 1990 in GermanySolar PV installations since since 1990 in Germany
Installed capacity & energy supply from photovoltaic installations in Germany
BMU, 2009
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Solar Energy Situation in GermanySolar Energy Situation in Germany
Photovoltaics:4TWh produced in 2008 (29% increase from 2007)
Solar Collectors210,000 plants with 1.9 million m2 of collectors i t ll d (d bl 2007)installed (double 2007)
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Effect of Feed in TariffsEffect of Feed-in Tariffs
Feed-in and payment under the StrEG & EEG
Strong correlation between fees and renewable energy production.EEG li f l h S EG liEEG policy more sucessful than StrEG policy.
BMU, 2009
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Market IndicatorsMarket Indicators
300000
Jobs in Renewable Energy Sectors in Germany Renewable jobs increased 73%.Solar jobs increased 196%
150000
200000
250000
Renewables
Solar jobs increased 196%.74400 jobs in solar in 2008 (25100 in 2004)
0
50000
100000
150000 Renewables
Solar
Hydropower
Biomass electricity
Turnover from the Construction of Renewable Energy Powered Installations in Germany, 2008
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
y p
Wind energy
Geothermal
Biomass heat
T t l l h d t f €7650 illSolar thermal
Photovoltaics
Total solar had turnover of €7650mill in 2008.58.4% of renewable market.
BMU, 2009
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Part three: Solar energy usage in Vietnam
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Electricity Use in VietnamElectricity Use in Vietnam
Total Electricity Net Generation in Vietnam (GWh)
Vietnam:Production around 30
40
50
60
60GWhProduction is growingrapidly.
0
10
20
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008rapidly.Vietnam’s per capita energy consumption is one of the lowest in Asia
Total Electricity Net Consumption per Capita (MWh/Capita)
one of the lowest in Asia and only about one 10th of the consumption in Germany. 3
4567
China
GermanyGermany.
EIA, 2010012
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Thailand
Vietnam
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Electricity Mix in VietnamElectricity Mix in Vietnam
ElectricityElectricity Generation by Fuel Type (GWh)generationdominated byhydro andth lthermal generation.Very little so
ll d “called „new“ renewableelectricity
d dproduced.
EIA, 2010Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro
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Solar Potential in VietnamSolar Potential in Vietnam
a.com
7
Average Solar Radiation, kWh/m2/day
.terragalleria
5
6
7
www.
2
3
4Da Nang
Ha Noi
Nha Trang
Ho Chi Minh City
0
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ho Chi Minh City
Month
Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung, 2010
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Solar Use in VietnamSolar Use in Vietnam
Solar Electricity:yTotal installed Photovoltaics is around 2MWp.Solar photovoltaics has been expanding since 1994.
Solar Heating:Solar water heating has been developing since 1990.Increased growth since 1998, especially in Ho Chi Minh City.Competition within the industry is growingCompetition within the industry is growing.Many parts of hot water systems are imported, mostly from China.
Hiep, 2009
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Case study Solar Home System Example from BangladeshCase study Solar Home System- Example from Bangladesh
• Bangladesh receives an average daily solar radiation of 4–6.5 kWh/m2
• ‘Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (RERED) Programme Government encouraging the use ofRural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (RERED) Programme. Government encouraging the use of off‐grid renewable energy technologies, such as solar home systems.
• The project envisages installing 929,169 SHSs all across Bangladesh between 2007 and 2015.
• Solar Home Systems (SHSs) are highly decentralized and particularly suitable for remote, inaccessible areas.
• Since 1996, penetration of SHSs increased rapidly, mainly due to the efforts of Grameen Shakti, which sells PV systems on credit to rural households through its extensive network. Several other NGOs such as a CMES and BRAC are also engaged in promoting PV technology.
Average Solar Radiation kWh/m2/day
5
6
7
Average Solar Radiation, kWh/m2/day
Coo
pera
tion
k
1
2
3
4 Ha Noi
Ho Chi Minh City
Bangladesh (low)
Bangladesh (high)–B
angl
ades
h C
ickl
ungs
bank
0
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Bangladesh (high)
Ger
man
–kf
w-e
ntw
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Solar home systemsSolar home systems
zept
solk
onz
ptso
lkon
zep
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The Clean Development MechanismThe Clean Development Mechanism
18 solar projects registered to date.p j g2518 kCERs expected by 2010 in the CDM pipeline equilivent to 2 518 000 tonnes CO2pipeline, equilivent to 2,518,000 tonnes CO2
…. But from economic perspective the profit contribution of CERs generated by Solar PV g yremains marginal
CDM Pipeline
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Estimated Range of CDM Transaction CostsEstimated Range of CDM Transaction Costs
Stage Low HighStage Low High
Pre-development 5,000 15,000
PDD 15 000 50 000PDD 15,000 50,000
DNA Approval 0 5,000
Validation 10 000 40 000Validation 10,000 40,000
Legal/Contracting 10,000 20,000
T t l 40 000 130 000Total 40,000 130,000
Source: UNEP 2006
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Impact of Transaction Costs on Ren Energy Projects Impact of Transaction Costs on Ren. Energy Projects
Source: UNEP 2006
Source: UNEP 2006
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Part four: Examples of solar installations
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Roof top installationsRoof top installationsS
chüc
o
rG
ehrli
che
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Building integratedBuilding integrated
her
Geh
rlich
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Greenfield installation Greenfield installation
rG
ehrli
che
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PV SoundlessPV Soundless
rG
ehrli
che
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Monocrystaline SystemMonocrystaline System
a AG
Sol
ea
Mudule Efficiency of up to25% has been reached.System Efficiency of above10% is realistically reachedEnergy payback period 1-2 years. (Science Daily 2009)
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1 axis solar tracker 1-axis solar tracker
40% more energy yieldGm
bH
40% more energy yieldcompared to fixedinstallationsLow power consumption ~tri
x S
olar
GLow power consumption ~ 1.5kWh/year
Con
cent
renz
Lor
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2 axis solar tracker2-axis solar tracker
BSW
Ger
man
yse
arch
in G
Res
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Thin film installations Thin-film installations
mki
ngal
pha.
com
Commercial installations canhave efficiency
Seek have efficiency
around 11%.
obal
.net
Gre
enis
glo
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Solar concentratorSolar concentrator
openfarmtech
olar
conc
entri
x-so
ntrix
-sol
ar
c
ent
conc
en
met
aeffi
cie
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Solar towersSolar towers
ikr
Fl
ges
Am
t
ost
Aus
wär
tig
shin
gton
Po
Was
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Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Sebastian RandigGerman section of International Solar Energy Societygy yDeutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. [email protected]. www.dgs.de/www. www.dgs.de/
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