Socialization
ReflectionWhat does it mean to be human?It is society that makes people
‘Human’???How would be human if they isolated from
society at early age?What is the source of our “humanness”?
Are we born with these human characteristicsOr, do we develop them through our
interactions with others?
SocializationThe lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. It is the basis for identity or how one defines themselves.
Why is socialization lifelong?
Lifelong Learning
Change in Status – new rules, roles, relationships
Anticipatory Socialization
Process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles.
Rites of passage
Theorist and Philosophers
1. Cooley
2. Mead
3. Piaget
4. Freud5. Kohn
a. coined the term “looking-glass self”
b. coined the term “generalized other”
c. studied development of the ability to reason
d. id, ego, and superegoe. studied social class differences in
child rearing
Concepts and Meanings
1. Looking-glass self
2. Significant other
3. Gender socialization
4. Peer group
5. Resocialization
a. developed by Charles Cooley
b. an individual who significantlyaffects a person’s life
c. learning to be “male” or “female”
d. groups of individuals approximately the same age
e. process of learning new norms
HypothesizeIf we are socialized by external forces
(nurture), are there any aspects of our social selves that might be in-born (nature).
Is our need for human affection a product of nature or nurture?
What can the monkeys tell us?
What does the “looking glass” tell us about ourselves?
Guiding Question: How do we know what the social expectations of
society are and how do they affect us?
Agents Of Socialization
In life one person can take on many roles. Within these roles are expected behaviors. When you came into school today, you took on the role of a student. What expectations are involved with being a student? If you are able to identify expectations, how did you come to know what those expected behaviors are?
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
oFAMILYoMEDIAoPEERSoRELIGIONoSPORTS oSCHOOL
HOW DO YOU THINK EACH AGENT HAS INFLUENCED YOUR OWN SOCIALIZATION OR UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS?
Respond the followings:
Is the socialization experience the same for everyone?
What can make it different?
GENDER ROLESWhat are women supposed to be like? How are they supposed to act, look, dress, etc? What types of jobs are they supposed to have?
What are men supposed to be like? How are they supposed to act, look, dress, etc? What types of jobs are they supposed to have?
Timeline of Life
What are the major changes that take place at each stage?Infancy and ChildhoodAdolescenceAdulthoodOld AgeDeath and Dying
Infancy and ChildhoodSense of selfMicro-level
Families – provide warmth, trust, security (Trust v. Mistrust – Erik Erikson)
Abuse – low self-esteem, isolation, mistrust, powerlessness
Macro-levelPublic Institutions – policies
and practices to promote positive childrearing
DiscussionWhat is the most difficult aspect of being a teenager?
AdolescenceBuffer between childhood
and adulthoodFormal Operational Stage
(Piaget)Often characterized by
emotional and social unrest
Teens develop their own identity (conflict with adults) (Identity v. Role Confusion - Erikson)
SES impact on this period (shortened or lengthened)
AdulthoodFreedom of ChoiceYoung Adulthood
Financial self-support (Job)Goals of creating meaningful
relationships, seeking personal fulfillment (Intimacy v. Isolation)
Workplace socializationMiddle Adulthood
Compare accomplishments with earlier expectations
Reach goals or recognize limits
Old AgeIntegrity v. Despair (Erikson)May experience social devaluation
A person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups
Death and DyingExperience decreased physical ability,
lower prestige, prospect of deathCome to terms with one’s own mortality
Example – What is Masculinity?
How have the men in this video been socialized to be “masculine”? Were they born that way or did they learn to act the way they do?
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