Social Studies Chapter 7 + 8 BROUGHT TO YOU BY MYNOTEBOOK
(DANNY HABBOUSH)
Slide 2
Chapter 7
Slide 3
What is a Constitution? A constitution is a document that sets
out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a
government.
Slide 4
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Conflicts Between
States Money Problems Other Nations Took Advantage
Slide 5
Conflicts Between States Disputes continued to arise among
states. For example, both New Hampshire and New York claimed
Vermont. The Articles did not give the central government power to
resolve such conflicts.
Slide 6
What plans were discussed and what compromises were made at the
Constitutional Convention? Plans Discussed: Virginia Plan New
Jersey Plan
Slide 7
What plans were discussed and what compromises were made at the
Constitutional Convention? Then Roger Sherman of Connecticut worked
out a compromise that he hoped would satisfy both the large and
small states called the Great Compromise
Slide 8
What were the ideas behind the US Constitution? Independence
and public service were virtues that the Founding Fathers saw in
the citizens of Rome. Roman citizens were willing to serve in
public office, not for money, but because they were devoted to
their republic Then they found out citizens needed to remain
independent and devoted to public service so that they would not be
a dictatorship
Slide 9
What were the ideas behind the US Constitution? They also liked
Britains Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights
Slide 10
Why did some delegates feel that a bill of rights was needed?
It went further in protecting the citizens rights The document said
that parliamentary elections should be held regularly. It upheld
the right to a trial by jury and allowed citizens to bear arms. It
also affirmed the right of habeas corpus, the idea that no person
could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific
crime
Slide 11
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation? To declare war and make peace. To coin and borrow
money To detail with foreign countries and sign treaties To operate
post offices
Slide 12
What kind of legislature did the Constitution create? Why? The
constitution created a bicameral legislator The great compromise
was the event that proposed the bicameral legislator It made both
large states, and smaller states happy, and another reason the
constitution created a bicameral legislator was because it was
harder to pass laws since it would have to be approved in both
houses
Slide 13
How did the Antifederalists influence the Constitution?
Antifederalist believed that the constitution gave the national
central government too much power, and that the president had too
much power. The Antifederalist would only give the constitution
support if Federalist promised to support the Bill Of Rights
Slide 14
The US Constitution is sometimes called a bundle of
compromises, explain why? The Constitution is called a bundle of
compromises because of the fact that it is exactly that. None of
the members of the Philadelphia Convention got exactly what they
wanted. Delegates from larger states got proportional
representation in the House of Representatives and smaller states
got equal representation in the Senate. Southern states got to
count 3/5 of all slaves for population, but to appease the North,
those slaves were also counted for taxation. There were also
compromises about the powers of the president and congress.
Slide 15
Constitution A document that sets out the laws, principles,
organization, and processes of a government
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Bill of rights List of freedoms
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Execute To carry out
Slide 18
Articles of Confederation First American constitution
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Cede To Give Up
Slide 20
Currency Money
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Land Ordinance of 1785 Law setting up a system for settling the
Northwest Territory
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Northwest Ordinance Law that set up a government for the
Northwest Territory
Slide 23
Depression A period when business activity slows, prices and
wages fall, and unemployment rises
Slide 24
Shays' Rebellion Revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in
response to high taxes
Slide 25
Constitutional Convention Meeting in May 1787 to revise the
Articles of Confederation
Slide 26
Virginia Plan Plan proposed by James Madison and Edmund
Randolph which included a two house legislature based on population
and 3 branches of government
Slide 27
Legislative branch Branch of government that passes laws
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Executive branch Branch of government that carries out
laws
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Judicial branch Branch of government that makes sure laws are
carried out fairly
Slide 30
New Jersey Plan Plan proposed by William Patterson that
included a one house legislature with each state getting one vote
and 3 branches of government
Slide 31
Compromise A settlement in which each side gives up some of
what it wants in order to reach an agreement
Slide 32
Great Compromise Plan propsed by Roger Sherman that included a
two house legislature, one house based on population and the other
allowed 2 representatives for each state
Slide 33
Three Fifths Compromise Agreement in which three fifths of the
slaves in any state would be counted towards population
Slide 34
Founding Fathers Leaders who laid the groundwork for the United
States
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Republic A system of government in which citizens rule
themselves through elected representatives
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Dictatorship A system of government in which one person or a
small group holds complete authority
Slide 37
Magna Carta A 1215 document signed by King John that stated
kings had to obey laws and citizens had certain rights
Slide 38
English Bill of Rights A 1689 document that further protected
the rights of citizens
Slide 39
Bi-cameral Having, consisting of, or based on two legislative
chambers
Slide 40
Habeas corpus An idea that no person could be held in prison
without first being charged with a specific crime
Slide 41
Separation of Powers Principle designed to create 3 separate
branches of government and to prevent any person or group from
gaining too much power
Slide 42
Federalists Supporters of the Constitution
Slide 43
Antifederalists People opposed to the Constitution
Slide 44
Federalists Papers Series of essays written by James Madison,
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay in support of ratification of the
Consitution
Slide 45
Amend To change
Slide 46
Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments of the Constitution
Slide 47
Bicameral A legislature with two houses, or chambers. The
British parliament is a bicameral legislature, made up of the House
of Commons and the House of Lords. Likewise, the United States
Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the
Senate
Slide 48
Chapter 8
Slide 49
Describe the 6 goals of the Preamble. To Form A Perfect Union-
The states would have to come together as one nation To establish
justice- The nation needed a uniform system to settle legal
disputes To Insure Domestic Tranquility- The national government
has the power to insure peace and order at home. To Provide for the
Common Defense- Power to raise armies and navies To Promote the
General Welfare- gave the national government the means to promote
the well-being of all its citizens. To Secure the Blessings of
Liberty- Liberty (Freedom) was a major goal of the
constitution
Slide 50
What are the 7 Articles of the Constitution? Article #1 of the
Constitution- Established the powers of and limits on Congress
Article #2 of the Constitution- Established the powers of and
limits of the President Article #3 of the Constitution- Established
the powers of and limits of the courts Article #4 of the
Constitution- Deals with relations between states. Requires states
to honor one another's laws and decisions. Sets out a system to
admitting new states. Article #5 of the Constitution- Provides a
process to amend the Constitution Article #6 of the Constitution-
States the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land." States
may not make laws that violate the Constitution. If it does
conflict with the federal law, the federal law prevails Article #7
of the Constitution- Sets up a procedure for the states to ratify
the Constitution
Slide 51
What are the 7 principles of the Constitution? Popular
Sovereignty- a government gets its authority from the people who
have the right to alter or abolish their government Limited
Government- The government has only the powers that the
Constitution gives it. Separation of Powers- To further limit
government power, the Constitution divides the government into
three branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) Checks and
Balances- Safeguards against abuse of power. Each branch of
government has the power to check, or limit, the actions of the
other two. Federalism- division of power between the federal
government and the states Republicanism- citizens elect
representatives to carry out their will. Individual Rights-
Protects individual rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of
religion, and the right to trial by jury.
Slide 52
Summarize the rights protected by the Bill of Rights.
Protecting Individual Liberties The First Amendment- safeguards
basic individual liberties. (Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press,
Right to Assemble, and Petition) Protecting Against Abuse of Power
The next three amendments reflect the colonists' experiences under
British rule The Second Amendment- The Right To Bear Arms The Third
Amendment says that Congress may not force citizens to put up
troops in their homes. The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from
unlawful searches of home or property. Protecting Rights of the
Accused The Fifth Amendment states that people cannot be forced to
give evidence against themselves. The Sixth Amendment guarantees
the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial, or fair,
jury, people also have the right to know the charges against them
The Seventh Amendment provides for juries for civil, or
non-criminal, trials. The Eighth Amendment forbids judges from
ordering excessive bail or fines or cruel and unusual
punishments.
Slide 53
Summarize the rights protected by the Bill of Rights.
Amendments Nine and Ten Citizens feared that since some rights were
listed in the constitution, they might lose other rights so the
Ninth Amendment made it clear that citizen's rights are not limited
to those listed in the Constitution. The Tenth Amendment created a
limited federal government that states that all powers not given to
the national government or denied to the states are reserved for
the states or for the people. Civil War Amendments The Thirteenth
Amendment abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed
citizenship to former slaves. The Fifteenth Amendment declared that
states may not deny the vote to any citizen on the basis of race,
color, or previous condition of servitude. Later Amendments The
Nineteenth Amendment, ratified in 1920, gave women the right to
vote after 70 years of struggle The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowered
the minimum voting age from 21 to 18.
Slide 54
How did later amendments reflect changing ideas about equality?
African American Men, and Women are now treated like human beings
and have rights
Slide 55
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