Model Calibration and Efficient Reservoir Imaging: MCERI
SmartFlood 2.0
Demonstration
Peerapong Ekkawong
November 2nd , 2012
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
2
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
3
MCERI
What is SmartFlood?
• Smartflood can optimize production/injection rates by
equalizing the arrival time of the waterfront at all
producers within selected sub-regions of a waterflood
project under operational and facility related constraints.
• Software designed based on streamline-based approach
proposed by Ahmed Alhuthali (SPE 102478) to maximize
waterflood sweep efficiency.
• Major advantage of this approach is the analytical
computation of sensitivities of the front arrival times and
gradient and Hessian of the objective function
4
MCERI
SmartFlood 2.0
Software requirement
• MCRinstaller• EXCEL input sheet• ECLIPSE – modified data deck
Excel Input
5
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
6
MCERI
SmartFlood Workflow
7
Read EXCEL INPUT file
Run Simulator
Run DESTINY for streamline tracing
Calculate sensitivities
Update production/injection rate
Output optimized
rate files
𝛿𝜏𝑖𝛿𝑞𝑖
qi = qi + Δ𝑞
MCERI
2Nprod
1i
i
2Nprod
1i
id )(t)(t-)(t)(p
qqqq
Maximize flood efficiency Acceleration
Objective Function Formulation
8
Min
To minimize this term, arrival time should be reduced which comes from produce with higher rate
To minimize this term, variation of arrival time should be reduced which comes from rate allocation
P1
P2
P4
P3Streamlines TOF Average TOF from
injector to each producer, 𝑡𝑖,𝑚
𝑡1
𝑡2 𝑡3
𝑡4I
Arrival time of producer i
Average arrival time
Norm weight
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
9
MCERI
Synthetic 2D Case
Constraints:• Field water injection 400 RB/D• Well production rate ≤ 300 RB/D for each well• Production BHP ≥ 1000 psi• Voidage balance
Want to optimize rate from 4 producers
Compare with base case of 100 RB/D each well
2D example case- 50x50 grid- Spatial Permeability
Permeability
10
MCERI
Result from Base Case (without rate optimization)
Water Saturation
11
Permeability
P1
Well P2 and P4 have high permeability streak -> water breakthrough very fast
Smartflood will search for rates that equalize water breakthrough from all producers
P2 P3
P4
MCERI
Results after optimizationNorm Wt. - 0
Aft
er
2 y
ears
Aft
er
5 y
ears
Aft
er
10 y
ears
Base
More uniform waterfront movement after optimization 12
PermeabilitySmartflood
Sw
MCERI
Watercut Comparison
Base case Maximum sweep efficiency
More uniform water breakthrough after optimization13
P1P2 P4 P3
Time, days Time, days
WW
CT
WW
CT
P1 P2P3P4
MCERI
Cumulative Production ComparisonFO
PT (
Np)
14
More oil production and less water production
FW
PT (
Wp)
Time, days Time, days
Cumulative oil production Cumulative water production
Base case
Smartflood
Smartflood
Base case
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
15
MCERI
Illustration: Synthetic FieldPerm
Total production time period = 5000 days. Time step for optimization = 1000 days
Specification for NPV:
Discount rate = 10%, oil price = 50$/bbl, water cost = 5$/bbl
Total field rate
MCERI
Water Saturation Maps
NPV Opt Norm Term = 0 Norm Term = 4 Norm Term = 100
After
1000
days
After
3000
days
After
5000
days
27 Sep 2002 K=1
FRONTSIM.rsgrid 10 Oct 2009
P1
P2
P3I1
X
Y
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
SWAT
19 Mar 2008 K=1
FRONTSIM.rsgrid 10 Oct 2009
P1
P2
P3I1
X
Y
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
SWAT
9 Sep 2013 K=1
FRONTSIM.rsgrid 10 Oct 2009
P1
P2
P3I1
XY
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
SWAT
27 Sep 2002 K=1
FRONTSIM.rsgrid 10 Oct 2009
P1
P2
P3I1
X
Y
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00SWAT
19 Mar 2008 K=1
FRONTSIM.rsgrid 10 Oct 2009
P1
P2
P3I1
X
Y
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00SWAT
9 Sep 2013 K=1
FRONTSIM.rsgrid 10 Oct 2009
P1
P2
P3I1
X
Y
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00SWAT
MCERI
Result of norm weight
18
Cumulative Oil Production
0.00E+00
2.00E+05
4.00E+05
6.00E+05
8.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.20E+06
1.40E+06
1.60E+06
1.80E+06
2.00E+06
1st Time Step
3rd Time Step
5th Time Step
Time Steps
Cu
mu
lati
ve W
ate
r P
rod
ucti
on
in
RB
/Day
NPV Optimization
Norm Term = 0
Norm Term =4
Norm Term = 10
Norm Term = 100
Cumulative Water Injection
0.00E+00
5.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.50E+06
2.00E+06
2.50E+06
3.00E+06
3.50E+06
1st Time Step
3rd Time Step
5th Time Step
Time Steps
Cu
mu
lati
ve W
ate
r P
rod
ucti
on
in
RB
/Day
NPV Optimization
Norm Term = 0
Norm Term =4
Norm Term = 10
Norm Term = 100
More oil production can be produced by higher norm weight. The effect of increasing norm weight is similar to NPV optimization.
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
19
MCERI
Applications
20
Applications SPE#
Optimal Waterflood Management Using Rate Control
(Maximize sweep efficiency)
102478
Optimal Water Flood Management Under Geological
Uncertainty Using Accelerated Production Strategy
(Production acceleration by norm weight)
133882
Optimal Rate Control Under Geologic Uncertainty
(Multiple realization)
113628
Field Applications of Waterflood Optimization via Optimal Rate
Control With Smart Wells
(ICV)
118948
Optimizing Polymerflood via Rate Control
(EOR)
144833
MCERI
Contents
• Introduction
• Workflow
• Result: maximize flood efficiency
• Result: production acceleration
• Other applications
• Creating workspace
21
Model Calibration and Efficient Reservoir Imaging: MCERI
Thank you!
SmartFlood 2.0
Demonstration
Peerapong Ekkawong
Texas A&M University
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