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America In The Beginning

Who were the first Americans?

How and why did they come here?

30,000 years ago During a period of low temperatures

called an ice age The world was covered in glaciersor sheets of ice.

This caused ocean levels To

decreaseand expose

land.

In the Bering straight a land bridge appeared connecting Asia (Siberia) & the Americas

This land bridge is known as

beringia.

Animals like mammoths crossed the bridge or

migrated to the America's.

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Hunter in Asia who moved

from place to place to find

food or nomads

followed the mammoths and spread

out or migrated to

the America's

The ice age ended

warming up glaciers causing

water levels to rise

covering up the land bridge

Some animals died off like mammoths.

Living in many different parts of the Americas

the Natives needed to

adjust or adapt to every thing

in the new surrounds that made up each of their own environment

in order to survive.

What happened when they came to America?

How did they meet their new needs?

America In The Beginning

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America In The Beginning

Living in many different parts of the Americas the Natives used the different natural recourses in their own different environments for food, clothing, and shelter.

Different groups in different

environments developed their own beliefs and ways of life or

culture. Groups in the same

environments adapted similar life styles, and

language creating cultural

region.

Many Native American have these things in common.1. Nature has a Spirt & Believe. 2. No one can own land.4. Only use what is needed.

5. Trade was very important to most societies

How did Native Americans adjust to the new environments?

What did they have in common?

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8 Cultural Regions

North West Coast

California

Plateau

Great Basin

South West

Great Plains

Eastern Woodlands

South East

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8 Cultural Regions

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North West Coast Weather:long cold winterscool summersheavy rainfall

Natural Resources:ocean/beachesthick forests of fir, spruce, and cedarrugged mountainsseafood/salmondeer, moose, bear, elk, beaver, mountain goats

Culture descriptionsUsed cedar canoes to huntFenced in salmon laying eggsused cedar to make rope, mats and basketsshell needles used wedges, sledge hammers, drills, and knifes to carve wooden masksClothing:Cedar water proof clothing like capes withdecorative shell buttons Shelter: lived near the coastCedar Long Houses with cedar bark roofs

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California Weather: rainy wintershot dry summers

Natural Resources:ocean/coastfoothillsvalley'sdesertsmountainsacorns, oak treesgrass, and plantsredwood trees

salmon/seafood/shellfishdeer, rabbits, ducks, roots berries, pine nuts

Large thick walled houses made of bricks of adobe(sun baked clay). Up to 4 stories and had hundreds of rooms. Clothes were made of cotton that they grew. Using plants and minerals, they dyed the fabricLived near naturally flooded areas. Men dug irrigation ditches, and also built dams to hold summer rain. Women spend most the day grinding corn kernels into cornmeal. They used clay pots to cook stews

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Great Basin Weather:little rainhot during the day cold at nightNatural Resources:

mostly dessertlow areas surrounded by mountains at the edgeswith valleys that had seasonal lakes and streams

plants that need little water likegrasses, sagebrush, pinon trees, at the outer edges pine trees, and willow

small animals rabbits, lizards, grasshoppers, snakes sometimes ducks , duck eggs during certain seasons seeds,berries pine nuts, roots, cattail

Used Bows& arrows, snares, and nets, used cooking stones to heat acorn meal tools from antlersClothing:grass/leather aprons and skirtsShelter: Cone shaped made of redwood bark, pole, and reeds woven into mats

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Plateau Weather:long cold winterscomfortable summers

Natural Resources:mountains with dense forests in areasflatter in the center with drier grass landsrivers

driftwood, mud, dirt,grass and sage brushfish, antelope, deer, seedsonions, carrots, camas roots, salmon

Long House: Sturdy, log-framed houses covered with elm bark, about 20 feet wide and over 100 feet long. Several related families live in sections of the house.Skirts, capes, and moccasins were made out of deer skins.Women ground corn with wooden sticks .Men often paddled on the rivers and streams in log and bark canoes . They trapped beavers, hunted deer, bear, caught birds, and speared fish. For farming land, men burnt small sections of trees and underbrush. Women did the hoeing and planting. They planted many different types of corn, beans and squash. Made maple syrup and wooden storage canisters.

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Great Plains Weather:cold winters hot summers

Natural Resources:mountains surrounding edgestreeless grasslands in the centereast more water and softer soilwest drier dense grass

Buffalo and smaller animals

Tools: water baskets sealed with tree sapFloating duck decoys, nets, sharp sticks, flat baskets for catching seedsClothing: rabbit robes in winterShelter: Nomadic temporary cone shelters of willow, brush and reeds

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South West

Weather:high temperatureslittle rain dry/arid

Natural Resources:mountains, canyonsdesserts, flat top mesasrivers, little water

clay, brightly colored plants, cottoncorn, beans, squash, peppers, rabbits

Tools: bow made of buffalo tendon, arrows, V shaped stone trap, fire, bone knives, shields, Clothing: Buffalo robes and hidesShelter: Houses called tipis Culture:

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Eastern Woodlands

Weather:snowy winters , rain

Natural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastlots of lakes and streams

Forests, plants, maple trees, elm,

deer, bears, beavers, birds, fishcorn, sunflowers, tobacco, vegetables,nuts, berries

Tools: woven baskets, willow digging sticks, wooden fishing platforms, nets, and spears for salmonClothing: antelope and deer hides leggings, dresses and skirts, woven hats, seed and shell designsShelter: near rivers, partly under ground out of driftwood, mud, sap, and reeds

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South East

Weather:long warm humid summersmild winters

Natural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastFertile coastal plainsmountains, swamps

Trees, clay, shells, corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, sunflowers, sweet potatoessquirrels, rabbits, turkeys, deer, alligators, turtles,wild rice, persimmons

Houses were made from strips of young trees woven into a rectangular frame, then plastered with clay. These houses had pointed roofs made of leaves.Towns included many mounds, first mounds were burial sights, but others were larger, and used as platforms for temples. It took many months, even years, to build these mounds, because they moved the dirt 1 basket full at a time.Simple clothing was made of deer skin. Jewelry made of stones, shells, feathers, pearls, bones, and clay. Women used hoes made of stone, shell or animal shoulder blades. Men hunted using small blow guns, and bows and arrows.

trees woven into a rectangular frame, then plastered with clay. These houses had pointed roofs made of leaves.Towns included many mounds, first mounds