Slavery

Africa to the New World

PICK UP APQ SHEETS & HAVE YOUR KEY POINTS READY

Today is January 24TH

This Week in History

•1950, ending its status as a BRITISH dominion, INDIA became a republic.

APQ 21 - AFRICAAPQ 21 - AFRICAQuestions?

HW: Online Article “Appeal to the King of Portugal” by Nzinga Mbema

Read and consider how European colonization in Africa is the same and/or different than in the Americas. Prepare for discussion by answering the "Thinking Historically" questions.

AfricaAfricaCharacteristics pre-1500

◦Large centralized territories◦Societies organized around kinship, often larger than many countries,

◦Monarchies, empires, tribal leaders.◦Common language base–Bantu◦Religion: Christianity & Islam, as well as indigenous belief systems.

◦Economy: traditional, market/trade

African Empires c.1500African Empires c.1500

SonghaySonghay• 1492 – expansive empire• Originally they farmed, hunted and

fished• Merchant community created in Gao

(gold)• Fusion of Islamic and indigenous

traditions• Strong cavalry forces

Origins

Nature of Slavery within African

Societies• Natural part of African society• West Africa - system of slavery

resembled European feudalism• Slaves are seen as a labor

resource, not property• Labor is used to increase

production & population = more power

Treatment of Slaves within African

Societies• Generally well treated• Low social status, but active in

society• Some held responsible, high

positions• Accepted by and lived among non-

slaves in family settings

Islamic Traders

• Harsh interpretations of Islamic law and conquest of North Africa justifies and expands slavery in Africa.

• Islamic traders exported slaves from 8th through 19th century.

How was the justification for slavery on the part of the West similar to

that of Islam?

• Contemporary Interpretation of Religious teaching;– 25:44 As for your male and female

slaves who may belong to you, you may buy male and female slaves from the nations all around you

» Leviticus, Old Testament

European Background

• Roman Empire had established tradition of large-scale slavery in Europe

• 1441-Portuguese begin the “African slave trade”

• 1505-First Africans sent to Hispaniola• Between 1450-1850 est. 12 million slaves

– 42% went to Brazil– Africa lost about ½ its population

• Mortality rate 10-20% per ship

HEIGHT OF THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

Triangular Trade

1. Slaves carried to Americas2. Sugar, tobacco, and other goods

carried to Europe3. European products (manufactured

goods: cloth, firearms) sent to coast of Africa in exchange for slaves continuing the triangle of trade

Triangular Trade

Why Africans?• No written language, many languages• Native Americans dying off• No muskets and gunpowder• Africans already participated

in trade by enslavingothers, selling debtorsand criminals, andkidnapping

• Familiar with European-style agriculture• Immune to European disease

Economic Justification• Slavery made development of

New World profitable • African tribes needed weapons

and supplies from Europe

Exportation-African Diaspora

• Trip called Middle Passage• 5000 miles, 3 weeks to 3

months• 18-20 % died • African people lose self

respect and self identity

White Settlers and African in Southern Africa

• Southern end of Africa was not affected by slave trade

• 1652—Dutch East India Co establishes a colony– Depended on slave labor (1st from Asia)– Expansion of the colony led to wars by

Boers

• 1795 British took control– Wanted to limit Boer expansion– Shaka Zulu

Amazing GraceAmazing grace! (how sweet the

sound)That sav’d a wretch like me!I once was lost, but now am found,Was blind, but now I see.

’Twas grace that taught my heart to fear,And grace my fears reliev’d;How precious did that grace appear,The hour I first believ’d!

The Lord has promis’d good to me,His word my hope secures;He will my shield and portion be,As long as life endures.

John Newton

Effects• Focus on men affected

male/female ratios.• During slave trade, African

population overall increases - why?

• African nations collapsed and others were created

• Slavery eventually considered immoral

Legislation• 1794-France outlaws slavery• 1807—Britain outlawed slave

trade• 1808—US outlawed slave trade• 1833 —Britain outlawed slavery• 1863—US outlawed slavery• 1888—Brazil outlawed slavery

HOMEWORK

• Analyze cultural changes in the New World between 1450 & 1750 (chs 11 & 19)

• Analyze cultural changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 1450 & 1750 (chs 8 & 21)

You will be writing one of the two…

Change Over Time Questions

Change Over Time Questions

Remember, Change Over Time really means Change and Continuity over Time…Analyze cultural changes in the New

World between 1450 & 1750 (ch: 11 & 19)

Analyze cultural changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 1400 & 1750 (ch: 8 & 21)

You will be writing one of the two!

CCOTCCOT

RUBRIC

Readings from the Holy Book of AP

CCOTChange and Continuity over Time

Essay

CCOTChange and Continuity over Time

Essay Comparison essay where time periods

are compared The Cause must be identified,

described, and analyzed Read the question carefully and

determine the categories and time periods to be compared.

Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses all three pieces of this information.

Types of CCOT QuestionsTypes of CCOT Questions

“Analyze changes in Latin America between 1400 and 1600”

“Analyze changes in Latin America brought about by colonization from discovery to the 16th century”

“Analyze economic and religious changes in Latin America following colonization”

Set up a three-column chart with a beginning date, and end date, and a reference point in the middle (causation). GPERSIA

On the chart, list the status of the categories at the beginning of the time period given, at the middle marker and at the end of the time period given. Include three examples within each category. Include changes as well as continuities.

Analyze at least ONE REASON for change or continuity brought about by an analysis of the CAUSE.

Thesis StatementThesis Statement"During the time period

between (x) and (x) in (wherever), (1,2 and 3) remained constant while there were significant changes in (4,5 and 6)."

SUBSTANTIATED THESESSUBSTANTIATED THESES

Your thesis must address the prompt without rephrasing or copying it.

I recommend that you use WAHP3 which stands for “what is it about, how will you prove it, give three examples.

You must qualify the prompt (WA) Quantify the response (HP3).

To qualify is to answer what it is about with specifics or quantities.

(WA) what is it about

Classical China and Classical India both developed class systems that had some similarities, but many more differences.

(HP3) How will you prove it w/3 examples

Both had great inequalities (HP1), under India’s class system it was impossible to change your class(HP2), and interaction between the classes was severely limited(HP3) when compared to China.

Compare and Contrast the class systems in Classical China and Classical India

Compare and Contrast the class systems in Classical China and Classical India

Write your paper, make the thesis the first paragraph and use one paragraph for each time period.

Write your paper, make the thesis the first paragraph and use one paragraph for each time period.