WELCOMEWELCOME
TOTO
HUMAN HUMAN SKELETAL SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM
PRESENTEPRESENTED BYD BY
MR.ATUL MANKARMR.ATUL MANKARP.G.T. (BIOLOGY)P.G.T. (BIOLOGY)Kendriya Vidyalaya DIPHUKendriya Vidyalaya DIPHU
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
To impart To impart knowledge about knowledge about human human skeletal systemskeletal system
To make the To make the viewers realize viewers realize their body their body frameworkframework
CONTENTSCONTENTS
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
DIVISIONS OF SKELETONDIVISIONS OF SKELETON
FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
The human skeletal system consists The human skeletal system consists of frame work of of frame work of
Cartilages Cartilages Bones Bones
(206) (few)(206) (few)
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Bones & Cartilages are specialized connective Bones & Cartilages are specialized connective tissues tissues
BONES CARTILAGEBONES CARTILAGE
Has hard matrix Has slightly pliable Has hard matrix Has slightly pliable
matrixmatrix
Presence of Ca salts Presence of chondroitin Presence of Ca salts Presence of chondroitin
saltssalts
Human SkeletonHuman Skeleton
Grouped into 2 main divisionsGrouped into 2 main divisions
Axial skeleton Appendicular skeletonAxial skeleton Appendicular skeleton
HUMAN SKELETONHUMAN SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETONAXIAL SKELETON Comprises of 80 bones distributed Comprises of 80 bones distributed
along the main axis of the body along the main axis of the body Comprises of –Comprises of –
SkullSkull Vertebral column Vertebral column Sternum Sternum RibsRibs
SKULL SKULL Cranial bones (8)Cranial bones (8)
Skull Skull
Facial (14)Facial (14)
Cranial bones form the hard protective Cranial bones form the hard protective outer covering of the brainouter covering of the brain
Facial bones form front part of the skullFacial bones form front part of the skull
HyoidHyoid
It is a single U shaped bone present at It is a single U shaped bone present at the base of buccal cavity the base of buccal cavity
Also included in the skullAlso included in the skull
Our each middle ear contain 3 tiny Our each middle ear contain 3 tiny bones-bones-
Mallaeus ,Incus & StapesMallaeus ,Incus & Stapes
Called ear ossiclesCalled ear ossicles
Human skull is Human skull is dicondylicdicondylic as it as it
articulates with the superior region of articulates with the superior region of
vertebral column with the help of 2 vertebral column with the help of 2
occipital condyles.occipital condyles.
VERTEBRAL COLUMNVERTEBRAL COLUMN Formed of 26 serially arranged units Formed of 26 serially arranged units
called vertebraecalled vertebrae
It is dorsally placedIt is dorsally placed
Extends from base of the skullExtends from base of the skull
Constitutes main framework of the trunkConstitutes main framework of the trunk
The spinal cord passes through the The spinal cord passes through the central hollow neural canal of the central hollow neural canal of the vertebraevertebrae
11st st vertebra - Atlasvertebra - Atlas
It articulates with the occipital condylesIt articulates with the occipital condyles
7 cervical vertebrae - make up the neck 7 cervical vertebrae - make up the neck partpart
12 thoracic vertebrae12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae5 lumbar vertebrae
1 fused sacral vertebrae1 fused sacral vertebrae
1 fused coccygeal vertebrae1 fused coccygeal vertebrae
Function of Vertebral Function of Vertebral ColumnColumn
Protects the spinal cordProtects the spinal cord
Supports the headSupports the head
Serves as point of attachment for the Serves as point of attachment for the ribs & musculature of the backribs & musculature of the back
STERNUMSTERNUM
It is a flat It is a flat
bone on bone on
the the
ventral ventral
midline of midline of
the thoraxthe thorax
RIBSRIBS 12 pairs of ribs12 pairs of ribs
Each rib is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the Each rib is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column & ventrally to the sternumvertebral column & ventrally to the sternum
Has 2 articulation surface on it’s dorsal end (dicephalic)Has 2 articulation surface on it’s dorsal end (dicephalic)
11st st 7pairs of ribs -true ribs. attached dorsally to the 7pairs of ribs -true ribs. attached dorsally to the vertebral column & ventrally to the sternum with the vertebral column & ventrally to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilagehelp of hyaline cartilage
88thth ,9 ,9thth& 10& 10thth pairs of ribs called false ribs. Do not pairs of ribs called false ribs. Do not articulate directly with the sternum but join the 7articulate directly with the sternum but join the 7thth rib rib with the help of hyaline cartilage (vertebrochondral rib)with the help of hyaline cartilage (vertebrochondral rib)
1111thth & 12 & 12thth pairs of ribs called floating ribs. They are not pairs of ribs called floating ribs. They are not connected ventrallyconnected ventrally
RIB CAGE --- THORACIC VERTEBRAE + RIBS+ STERNUMRIB CAGE --- THORACIC VERTEBRAE + RIBS+ STERNUM
APPENDICULAR SKELETONAPPENDICULAR SKELETONLimb bones + GirdlesLimb bones + Girdles
LIMB - Each limb made of 30 bonesLIMB - Each limb made of 30 bones
Forelimb - Bones are humerus , radius + ulna Forelimb - Bones are humerus , radius + ulna
carpals (wrist- 8) metacarpals (palm -8), carpals (wrist- 8) metacarpals (palm -8),
phalanges (fingers- 14)phalanges (fingers- 14)
Hind limb - Bones are femur (thigh bone - longest)Hind limb - Bones are femur (thigh bone - longest)
tibia + fibulatibia + fibula
tarsals (ankle-7), metatarsals (sole -5),tarsals (ankle-7), metatarsals (sole -5), phalanges(toes - 14) phalanges(toes - 14)
Knee - covered by a cup shaped bone called Knee - covered by a cup shaped bone called
patellapatella
PectoralPectoral
GIRDLES GIRDLES Pelvic Pelvic
Girdle bones helps in the articulation of the Girdle bones helps in the articulation of the
upper & lower limbs with the axial skeletonupper & lower limbs with the axial skeleton
Each half of pectoral girdle consists of a CLAVICLE & a Each half of pectoral girdle consists of a CLAVICLE & a SCAPULASCAPULA
Scapula-large triangular flat boneScapula-large triangular flat bone
Situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the 2Situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the 2ndnd & 7& 7thth ribs ribs
Dorsal side has a slightly elevated ridge called spine Dorsal side has a slightly elevated ridge called spine which extends as a flat expanded which extends as a flat expanded acromian processacromian process
It articulates with the clavicleIt articulates with the clavicle
Below acromian a depression called glenoid cavity Below acromian a depression called glenoid cavity which atriculates with head of humerus to form which atriculates with head of humerus to form shoulder joint (ball & socket joint)shoulder joint (ball & socket joint)
Clavicle - called collar boneClavicle - called collar bone
- Long slender bone with 2 curvatures- Long slender bone with 2 curvatures
Pelvic girdle consists of 2 coxal bones:Pelvic girdle consists of 2 coxal bones:
= Each coxal bone formed by fusion of 3 bones= Each coxal bone formed by fusion of 3 bones
= Ilium ,Ischium & Pubis= Ilium ,Ischium & Pubis
= At the point of fusion of the 3 bones is a = At the point of fusion of the 3 bones is a cavity , acetabulum to which femur cavity , acetabulum to which femur articulates (ball& socket joint)articulates (ball& socket joint)
= The 2 halves of the pelvic girdle meet = The 2 halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form pubic symphysis containing ventrally to form pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilagefibrous cartilage
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