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Climate Change Adaptation of
Road Drainage
By Zahra Kalantari
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The PhD project
“Climate Change Adaptation of Road Drainage”
Funded by The Swedish Road Administration (Vägverket)
Operated by KTH, Land and Water Resources Dep.
PhD Student Zahra Kalantari Supervisors: Professor Lennart Folkeson Professor Per-Erik Jansson Professor Bo Olofsson
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MotivationsRoad disruptionAimsMethodologyCommon causes of road damagesImpact of adjacent environment on road
infrastructureExamples of proposed solutions and
mitigations
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Motivations
The climate change will lead to an increase in The frequency of extreme precipitation events
Snow melt periodsFlooding on the roads
Hence the number of incidences on roads will increase.
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Road disruptions
Damages on the roads due to climate change including more frequent floods
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Aims Analyse how climate change directly
or indirectly affects road dewatering and drainage facilities in Sweden
Review the existing problems in road drainage systems focusing on the current Swedish climate
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Aims
Identify future problems considering the climate change including more frequent flood
Study the mitigation regarding the extreme weather events and climate change
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Methodology
International state-of-the-art review Questionnaires
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Common causes of road damages
Water, the major cause of road damages Reduced bearing capacity of the road by water Clogged culverts inlets/outlets
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The insufficient maintenance in form of ditch cleaning and edging
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Lack of planning
Lack of knowledge
Standing water due to improper construction slope along the ditches
No overview over the shortcomings in road drainage
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Limitation in ditch cleaning due to el-/tel cables
Intervals of culvert inspection and clearance
Location of the culverts and road drainage exposed, sensitive and critical to high flows
200-400 million SEK per year in lost efficiency
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Frost heave movements and deformation of the ground surface
In cold climates the risk of frost damage is magnified when water is present
Washed-away roads and landslides due to
Flooding and high flows Inadequate road drainage and
dewatering system dimension Improper road maintenance
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Events require the greatest efforts for maintenance of road drainage system
Sco
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Scores
Frost heave
Clear-cut-ground
Oversaturated soil
Landslides
Mechanical damage
Insufficient diameter
Inadequate capacity
Alluviation/ overgrowth in ditches
Overgrowth in pipes, culverts
Blocking of the drainage inlet
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Impact of adjacent environment on road infrastructure
Agricultural area Changes on hydrological
condition due to land use changes
Drained water from the agricultural area
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Forestry Increase in surface water
inflow and runoff
Mud flows and landslides
Fraction of road ditches and soil damage
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Building The more hard surfaces the more surface water
Railways, other landowners and municipalities Deficiencies in railway drainage systems Poorly managed ponds; dam failure
Environmental protection Legislation regarding nature protection
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Examples of proposed solutions and mitigations
Contingency / Inspection
Identify vulnerable points
Identify drainage shortages
Choose the right action
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Examples of proposed solutions and mitigations
Publish a reliable, well documented description regarding road drainage system standards
A business economic analysis model
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Examples of proposed solutions and mitigations
Physical screen
Sealing the culverts and bank slope
Prevent surface erosion by covering the bank
Erosion safe slopes
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Examples of proposed solutions and mitigations
Control dams
Increase the dimension of the road drainage
Extra culverts or drainage pipes
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An often-repeated adage in road construction and maintenance business is:
“The three most important things to understand in building and
maintaining road are drainage, drainage, and drainage”
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